Guadeloupe is an overseas department of France. It is an archipelago of nine islands: Marie-Galante, Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Petite-Terre, St. Barthelemy, Iles des Saintes (2), La Desirade and the northern portion of Saint Martin (the southern portion is Dutch, belonging to the Netherlands). It's situated southeast of Puerto Rico amongst the other Caribbean islands between the North Atlantic ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Also known as “Karukera” or the Island of Beautiful Waters (l'île aux belles eaux), Guadeloupe has been a possession of France since 1635. France fought back and forth with Great Britain for control of Guadeloupe because of the sugar trade but possession was given back to France after the Treaty of Paris (1763) in return …show more content…
This decision, at the time, appeared cryptic given the crimes acted on during the slave era. It was made even more so confusing in that certain French West Indian elites, most being direct participants in Négritude (a literary and ideological movement led by francophone black intellectuals, writers, and politicians), actively participated in the opt-in by presenting the proposal of complete legal and political assimilation to the French Parliament in 1946. One of the main drives for assimilation and integration was connected fundamentally to the the dynamics of Guadeloupean society, and it cannot be made sense of unless there is some comprehension as to how the society of Guadeloupe was …show more content…
All of the factors that contribute to standard of living: social service availability, income, education level, benefits for unemployment, social security, etc have all increased. Today, Guadeloupe carries on as a civilized, well-informed, cultured, and cultivated society with patterns of consumption to interchangeable with those of metropolitan France. While Guadeloupe has grown with the rest of France as a whole, there are many things that make them different from mainland France, one of which is language. French is the official language, but Guadeloupeans also speak a French-lexified Creole dating back to slavery and colonization. Creole survived during a time of stress and strain with the dominant French language which people of color belonging to the middle classes collectively with forward bustling black people in particular wanted to master it as well as gain entry into the culture of French humanism to which the dominant language opened the door
No matter what side of the spectrum a person may fall on, the history of the French language in Louisiana runs deep. It was introduced to this land in the eighteenth century as Europeans emigrated from France and the Acadian refugees ventured from Canada. French was Louisiana’s language. As mentioned earlier, efforts are being made to preserve the general French language and background of Louisiana ("Parlez-Vous? Some Louisiana Pupils Being Immersed in French Instruction", 2011). Louisiana currently has thirty schools that offer the French immersion program. CODOFIL is working diligently to increase the amount of schools that offer French immersion programs. It is crucial that these programs be implemented in order to maintain a unique and special characteristic of Louisiana ("Parlez-Vous? Some Louisiana Pupils Being Immersed in French Instruction").
To summarize the book into a few paragraphs doesn't due it the justice it deserves. The beginning details of the French and Ind...
Before the revolution started in Saint Domingue, Saint Domingue was producing 60% of the coffee around the world and produced 40% of the worlds sugar at the same time (Haitian Revolution, www.webster.edu). Comparing all the French colonies, Saint Domingue was the most profitable and the most successful of its possessions. Saint Domingue was the most prosperous and wealthiest island in the Caribbean, but for Plantation Owners. In 1789, mulattoes were about 28,000, followed by white people which where 32,000, and the last group was black slaves, which numbered up to 500,000 (Haitian Revolution, www.webster.edu). The lowest class in saint Domingue was the black slaves, which outnumbered the whites 10 to 1. Saint Domingue had so many slaves that out of the 1 million slaves at this time in the Caribbean, the slave population in saint Domingue mad up half of it. Since this colony was mostly driven by its slave labor, it was one of the richest and the colony that gave more profit of them all in that time. What made this colony one of the richest colonies was their land. Their soil was very fertile and it had and ideal climate, letting it grow a lot of its main productions, like sugar, coffee, cocoa, Indigo, tobacco, cotton and vegetables. When the revolution started to spark in 1789, there we...
Guatemala’s culture is a unique product of Native American ways and a strong Spanish colonial heritage. About half of Guatemala’s population is mestizo (known in Guatemala as ladino), people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry. Ladino culture is dominant in urban areas, and is heavily influenced by European and North American trends. Unlike many Latin American countries, Guatemala still has a large indigenous population, the Maya, which has retained a distinct identity. Deeply rooted in the rural highlands of Guatemala, many indigenous people speak a Mayan language, follow traditional religious and village customs, and continue a rich tradition in textiles and other crafts. The two cultures have made Guatemala a complex society that is deeply divided between rich and poor. This division has produced much of the tension and violence that have marked Guatemala’s history (Guatemalan Culture and History).
...e, Geneviève, and Armin Schwegler. Creoles, Contact, and Language Change: Linguistics and Social Implications. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub., 2004. Print.
Political institutions drastically changed after independence of French rule. The most obvious variation between French ruled St. Domingue and Haitian ruled Haiti is that Haitians now ruled their own land that they had forcibly labored on for almost one-hundred years. After autonomy and freedom from the French, native-born occupants of the island and native-Africans could finally rule themselves. This is a major institutional change because now the rulers of Haiti could cater to their own needs and they proved that blacks could form a working government. Another significant transformation to the government was that it became an empire, not a colony under the Republic of France. As an independent empire the country now answered to itself and its emperor, rather than a king in a country 4,500 miles away. This allowed for the new empire to develop its own culture instead of trying to adapt
The Creoles wanted to go up the social pyramid and gain power but they still respected the Natives(which are lower class) because of their sense of pride/loyalty to their country. A revolution was something that the Creoles thought was good. Something had to be done about Spain because they had no rights to be in Latin America, "at the same time we are struggling to maintain
The Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint Domingue were very important to the French economy due to its high sugar trade and increasing its profits through slavery. After the Fall of Louis XVI The National Assembly was considering the question of rights for free men of color. Saint Domingue had 40,000 whites and 30,000 free people of color along with 500,000 slaves. In 1790 the free people of color sent a delegation to Paris to be seated, accentuating that they are property owners and some even of European descent. The assembly later refused to seat them sparking a rebellion among free people of color, which spoke of an independence from France. French colonial authorities suppressed the first rebellion quickly and brutally killed Vincent Oge, a member of the Delegation to Paris and leader of the first rebellion and most of his followers.
The Galapagos Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean with a chain that stretches as far as 220 kilometers from the most northern to the most southern island. This archipelago of volcanic islands is positioned in a way where some islands are found north of the Equator and others are found south of the Equator. There is even one island, Volcan Wolf, which is positioned directly on the equatorial line. The Galapagos has absolutely no indigenous population, and those 25,000 citizens that do live there now speak primarily Spanish. There are a total of 18 main islands, 3 small islands, and 107 islets (very small islands).
Venezuela was one of the richest countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Ecuador). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Current concerns include: a polarized political environment, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.
Louisiana French has been spoken in Louisiana for over two centuries. Louisiana French consists of Cajun French and Creole French. These terms are used synonymously, but they are actually very different languages and cultures. Cajun French originated from Acadian French spoken by immigrants from France’s Canadian territories. Cajun speakers were white. Speakers of Creole French were almost exclusively African slaves and their descendants (Carlisle, 2010). This paper will focus on the Creole French language of Louisiana. As of now, it’s in a state of attrition. The language is only spoken by seven percent of Louisiana’s population. Most speakers are 60 years of age and older. It’s rare to find a fluent speaker under that age because Creole is
Having given a concise idea about the French colonial ideology, we will examine the French colonial ideology from another perspective which is identity. Ideology here is similar to discourse in terms of conception as it was discussed by Stuart Hall, a Jamaican-British cultural theorist and sociologist, who he compared ideology to discourse; “A discourse is similar to what sociologists call an "ideology", it is a set of statements or beliefs which produce knowledge that serves the interests of a particular group or class.” in the other hand, Hall deals with identity as a very complex issue, which intervened by other aspects. So when we deal with the colonized identities we automatically evoke the European (colonizer).
Corsica is a rugged island in the Mediterranean, which lies sixty miles off the coast of Italy. The Corsicans are proud and independent people. In 1768, when the French took over the island from Genoa, an Italian state, the Corsicans rebelled and fought for their freedom. But they were unsuccessful. Their leader, Pasquale Paoli, was driven into exile.
...eole in regular conversation. Whereas the minority of haoles kept political and economic power, natives and immigrants made up most of the common people and created a new culture from swapping homeland comforts, such as bits and pieces from their native languages. Tourism has replaced sugar as the single most important industry in Hawaii, so Hawaiians citizens hold tight to their dialect, a piece of modern Hawaiian culture and identity. Glen Grant says in his article, “Even the most articulate speakers of the King’s English will revert to island dialect when letting down their guard with local friends.” (Glen 150) Although Standard English remains the dominant language in business and in education, Creole has continued to transform, from a language of business, to communication of workers, to a social device that expresses the endurance of the mixed native cultures.
To fuel a global economy, efforts are made to establish a standardized language that will make communication as simple as possible for all foreign endeavors. It could be said that creoles undermine this philosophy, individualizing and personalizing languages rather than uniting them. As authors Pieter Muysken and Norval Smith, (1995) state “It is clear in fact that creole languages develop as the result of ‘linguistic violence’ and, as we shall see, frequently social violence too” (P. 4). Social and linguistic violence are key factors in the development of creoles as societal and governmental persecution have shaped the languages of regions in the world. In the U.S. and other countries in the world that speak English as a primary language, great efforts have been taken to establish standardized English as the primary or secondary language of use. Words such as slang, dialects, and language mixtures have all been attributed to non-standard usages of a language. Yet, Even in Hawaii, a U.S. state, Hawaiian English and Pidgin English have become official languages. Kerry Chan, (2015) from CNN explains “The results from the U.S. Census Bureau revealed a number of Pidgin and Hawaiin Pidgin speakers. Both languages were added to the census list that included over 100 languages, representative of the islands diversity” (pp. 3). From these results, it can be seen that cultural diversity is an important aspect of society on this island. Why then, should any language hold precedence over another when there is a clear example of how developments in language can prosper while having multiple or even a hundred officially spoken languages? From this example, it seems that the development and success of creoles is not only accepted, but also