Globalization: Promoting Stability and Prosperity

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"Together we can help transform the global economy into a global community."

-- Robert Alan Silverstein

“We must ensure that the global market is embedded in broadly shared values and practices that reflect global social needs, and that all the world's people share the benefits of globalization.”

-- Kofi Annan

The term "globalization" has acquired considerable emotive force. Some view it as a process that is beneficial, a key to future world economic development and also inevitable and irreversible. Others regard it with hostility, even fear, believing that it increases inequality within and between nations, threatens employment and living standards and prevents social progress.

This paper offers insight into some aspects of globalization and aims to identify ways in which countries can reap the benefits of this process, while remaining realistic about its potential and its risks.

Globalization offers extensive opportunities for worldwide development but it is not progressing evenly. Some countries are becoming integrated into the global economy more quickly than others. Countries that have been able to integrate are seeing faster growth and reduced poverty.

Globalization is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. The definition reflects technological advances that have made it easier and quicker to complete international transaction through trade and financial flows. It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity from the smallest village markets, urban industries, or to the largest financial centers.

Markets promote efficiency through competition and the division of labor which refers to the specialization that allows people and economies to focus on what they do best. Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world. It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. But markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased...

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