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SOCIETAL PRESSURE eassay
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In the article “ We Are Naturally Selfish”, by George C. Williams, Williams claims that we as humans are naturally selfish. This is especially true in terms of genes, because if our genetics were not selfish then we would not be here. Williams states that people can win this genetics contest by mainly surviving to maturity and then competing successfully for the resources needed for their own reproduction. In all actuality though just because humans are selfish does not mean that we are completely incapable of being selfless. Williams states that it has been seen that individuals can and often do help others in gaining resources and avoiding any losses or damages. The most obvious and common example is parents caring for their offspring. Parents do this to ensure the successful continuation of their genes. …show more content…
With that being said Williams goes on to state that from a parent’s point of view, their child is genetically half as important as itself and the offspring’s reproduction is only hal as important as its own, in terms of the continuation of their genes. Williams states that it may be perceived as genetic selfishness of a person to be helpful to their relatives and not just their offspring because their share a set of genes. This kind of behavior stems from kin selection, which is natural selection for the adaptive use of cues that indicate the degrees and probability of relationships. The is the reason as to why an individual favors relatives over non relatives and close relatives as opposed to distant relatives. Williams states that kin selection is one of the factors that causes selfless like behavior amongst humans. But in all reality we are in fact selfish individuals whose main concern is to continue the succession of our
...ed over or ignored. Williams disagrees with this, it simply says what does it mean to be an individual? For Williams, an essential part of what it truly means to be an individual is to have the moral feelings a human being should have. To separate a person from his own moral code or feelings is to claim that agents are irrelevant, or contradict what is essential to being a person.
Selfishness is a common trait in the world, it’s not a hidden factor, but very well-known as being one’s self-interest. The story “Hunters in the Snow” by Tobias Wolff, discusses how each character in the story deals with different kinds of selfish ways. One character, Tub, deals with eating problems and lies about it. Frank deals with a secret life that he is hiding from his wife. Kenny is always comparing something to his liking and if he does not like it then he will complain. Self-absorption is when someone is focused on their self and only themselves. It is known to be a regular’s human’s condition, it’s something majority of human beings have. Selfishness may also kick in during survival incidents. For example, a boy and his friends
Ethical egoism is diametrically opposite to ethical altruism, which obliges a moral agent to assist the other first, even if he sacrifices his own interest. Further, researchers justify and rationalize the mental position of egoism versus altruism through an explanation that altruism is destructive for a society, suppressing and denying an individual value. Although the ‘modern’ age unsubtly supports swaggering egoistic behavior in the competitive arena such as international politics, commerce, and sport, in other ‘traditional’ areas of the prideful selfishness showing off, to considerable extent discourages visible disobedience from the prevalent moral codes. In some cases, the open pro-egoist position, as was, per example, the ‘contextual’ interpretation of selfishness by famous German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, can be described as a ‘grotesque anomaly’.
In many ways survival requires selfishness in some situations. Throughout the book, “Night” by Ellie Weisel there was some selfishness in different jewish families when it came to survival. I can’t say the same for the, “1972 Andes Flight Disaster” because the survivors weren’t being selfish with the decisions they made. This goes for, “Is Survival Selfish” article by Lane Walker because in the different situations mentioned in the article there was no selfishness involved. It’s about your overall opinion on the situation, here's my opinion.
If a person had to choose between their life and someone else’s, they’d choose to be the ones to live. Selfishness is a terrible thing that can cause families to fight, it can cause wars, or the death of someone to spare one’s own life. Night by Elie Wiesel, shows many examples of selfishness. Sons leave their fathers to save their own lives, reluctantly feed their dying father and even kill just for a piece of bread. Humans are inherently selfish, it’s a personality trait that doesn’t care about relatives or lovers or anyone else.
My second evidence to support this claim is when Elie wiesel said “I had but one thought not to have my number taken down and not to show my left arm” (Collections (310). In this quote he was only thinking about himself in order to survive, so in order to survive he needed to be a little selfish and think about what he needs to do to survive the selection. My last claim to support how survival is selfish when Elie wiesel was running he was using all his strength and power and didn't care about how anybody else was doing in order to survive. He said “I felt as though I had been running for years” (Collections(310). Elie wiesel is using all his strength and power in order for him to survive his not doing it for anybody else.
With the development of modern society, many people say that the society has become miserable, and people only care their own profit. The self-interest is becoming the object of attacking. Thereupon, when we mention self- interest, people always mix up the concept of self-interest with selfishness. As we all known, the idea of selfishness is, “Abusing others, exploiting others, using others for their own advantage – doing something to others.” (Hospers, 59) Selfish people have no ethics, morals and standards when they do anything. At the same time, what is self – interest? Self- interest can be defined as egoism, which means a person is, “looking out for your own welfare.” (Hospers, 39) The welfare people talk about is nothing more than
Selfishness is a disease of the soul that every person experiences several times throughout their life. To say that it has never been experienced would be hypocrisy. To say that it is a “good thing”, would be erroneous. Although as humans we like to lie to ourselves, it is no question that selfishness can make any person act like a fool. It consumes us and makes us into someone we are not. Whether it leads to getting people killed, falling in love, or buying alcohol, selfishness always leads to destruction.
Even forms of human beings preforming selfless acts derives from ones desire to help others, which in a way makes that person feel importance. Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, better known as Mother Teresa, devoted her life to helping those in great need. To many these acts may appear as selfless and gallant acts that are not performed by anyone with any type of ego. Yet when taking a psychological look at why she performed such acts they may appear a somewhat more for herself. Every time anyone does anything, even when for someone else, they are doing it for some type of feeling that they experience. With the holiday season approaching, there will be a specific emphasis on giving unlike any other time of the year. We give yes to show gratitude for someone we love, but also to experience the joy in seeing someone enjoy something they them self-caused. Even while being selfless humans have the unique ability to still be doing something that involves caring for them self. This outlook toward the human condition completely debunks Wolf’s claim that “when caring about yourself you are living as if you are the center of the universe.” When choosing to do anything positive or negative, for others or for yourself, you are still taking your self-interest into consideration, making it
People perpetrate seemingly selfless acts almost daily. You see it all over the news; the man who saved that woman from a burning building, the mother who sacrificed herself to protect her children from the bomb blast. But how benevolent are these actions? Are these so-called “heroes” really sacrificing themselves to help others? Until recently, it was the common belief that altruism, or selfless and unconditional kindness, was limited primarily to the human race. However, within the last century, the works of several scientists, most prominently George Price, have provided substantial evidence concluding that altruism is nothing more than a survival technique, one that can be calculated with a simple equation.
behavior for the benefit of other." (Recent Work on Human Altruism and Evolution) Another popularized theory by Richard Dawkins states that an individual who behaves more altruistic towards others who share its genes will tend to reproduce those genes. But since we always want something in exchange for something we did, can this truly exist, or is it just an illusion? On Jan.
Williams first beings by classifying desires into two categories. One category of desires are classified as, conditional desire, which are desires we have and we would like to satisfy but only if we live long enough. It is also called conditional desires because the desire is conditional on our existence. For instance, I would like to travel the world when I retire but only if I'm still alive then. So it follows that I would like to fulfill this desire if I am
Gintis, Herbert, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd, and Ermst Fehr. “Explaining Altruistic Behavior in Humans.” Evolution and Human Behavior 24 (2003): 153-172. Web. 5 Feb. 2012
Psychological egoism, a descriptive claim about human nature, states that humans by nature are motivated only by self-interest. To act in one's self-interest is to act mainly for one's own good and loving what is one's own (i.e. ego, body, family, house, belongings in general). It means to give one's own interests higher priority then others'. "It (psychological egoism) claims that we cannot do other than act from self-interest motivation, so that altruism-the theory that we can and should sometimes act in favor of others' interests-is simply invalid because it's impossible" (Pojman 85). According to psychological egoists, any act no matter how altruistic it might seem, is actually motivated by some selfish desire of the agent (i.e., desire for reward, avoidance of guilt, personal happiness).
In Neil Gaiman’s fantasy novel, “Coraline,” the story takes place in a rather boring/simplistic time in which a young girl named Coraline, is always in seek of a new/better adventure. Coraline is explores her gray world and eventually comes across another world in which she finds her “other mother” who seems to portray Coraline’s view of the “perfect” lifestyle. The main idea of this text is selfishness, however the complex lesson that the story develops is how selfishness teaches us that we should self-reflect on selfish behavior and fix our actions so therefore we can avoid negative outcomes later.