CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In the modern world everyone wants to reach their destination as soon as possible so number of vehicles daily increase. During the day time vehicles will be more so people travel in night in order to save the time .Headlights of vehicles pose a great danger during night driving. The drivers of most vehicles use high bright beam while driving at night. This causes a discomfort to the person travelling in the opposite direction. He experiences a sudden glare for a short period of time. This is caused due to the high intense headlight beam from the other vehicle coming towards him in the opposite direction. We expect that person to dim the headlight to avoid the glare. This glare causes a temporary blindness to a person
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As number of vehicle started increasing they made the head light intensity control as manual. Driver started to control the head light intensity during night. Many driver won’t follow the rules so night temporary blindness started due to which the accident occurred, in order to reduce the temporary blindness they started making the system automated.
In 1998 Fuzzy control of head-light intensity of automobiles: design approach was proposed to control the intensity of the head light .Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1.But the drawback was it could only be used in controllers and would never be successfully used in expert systems[1].
In 1999 Smart Control of Headlight Intensity of Automobiles for Improved Night Vision was proposed to control the head intensity .in this system they used the fuzzy logic in order to control to intensity of the light, as fuzzy logic is used in the system it could work only on the controller
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Bajaj, P., and Kher, S., ―Smart Control of Headlight Intensity of Automobiles for Improved Night Vision, 38th SICE Annual Conference, vol. A247, pp. 1187-1192, July 1999.
3. Joseph S. Stam et al., Continuously variable headlamp control, US Patent number 6049171, issue date, Apr 11, 2000.
4. Roumen Petkov, Interactive headlight control system, US patent publication number 2006/0152935 A1, July 13, 2006
5. Chen, Y.L.― Night time vehicle light detection on a moving vehicle using image segmentation and analysis techniques― WSEAS Trans.Comput. 8(3), 506–515 (2009)
6. Niraimathi.S, M.Arthanari, M.Sivakumar, ―A Fuzzy Approach to Prevent Headlight Glare“, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), Vol. 9, No.2, February 2011.
7. Victor Nutt, Shubhalaxmi Kher, ―Headlight Intensity Controller using Wireless Sensor Networks― Special Issue of International Journal of Computer Applications(0975 – 8887) on Issues and Challenges in Networking, Intelligence and Computing Technologies ICNICT 2012, November 2012
8. Amiya Kumar Tripathy, Deepali Kayande, Joel George, Jerome John, Bejoy Jose-Wi Lights - A Wireless Solution To Control Headlight Intensity 2015 International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICTSD-2015), Feb. 04–06-2015, Mumbai,
This study offers helpful information for anyone who wants to understand more about emergency vehicle lights and their physical and psychological effects on drivers. However, anyone that is charged with installing or buying emergency vehicle lights for first responder and emergency responder vehicles should read and understand this study. By understanding the information in this article, buyers and installers can save money, avoid aggravation, and help to protect officers, first responders, and emergency responders who are working and driving vehicles in the field.
Harris, T. (n.d.). How Red-light Cameras Work. HowStuffWorks "Auto". Retrieved September 20, 2013, from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/red-light-camera1.htm
London, in 1868, became the first city in the world to install and enjoy the services of the world’s maiden traffic light (This Day in History, 2011). This traffic light was established by a legendary railway engineer by the name John Peak Knight but the actual construction work was done by Saxby & Farmer Railway Signal Engineers. This traffic light control system was placed at the intersection of Gorge and Bridge Street (This Day in History, 2011). Physically, the traffic light was 22 feet tall and had arms that were extended horizontally and lowered at an angle (Vaunt Design Group, 2006). Fortunately or unfortunately, the traffic light was not automatically controlled. Therefore, it had to be controlled manually by a police officer (This Day in History, 2011). Its operation involved outstretching the light’s arms horizontally and lowering it at an angle of 450 (Vaunt Design Group, 2006). This was achieved by use of a lever. The horizontal outstretch of the traffic light’s arm meant that the motorists should stop whereas lowering of the same arms at an angle of 450 meant that the motorists ought to move, though with caution. The device was powered by gas at night in order to flash lights (Vaunt Design Group, 2006). It flashed only two colors which were red and green. Red light told motorists to stop while green lights told motorists to keep moving. (Pollard 97). At night, this traffic light was powered by gas and the lantern would give an appropriate reflection accordingly as the lever would be turned to face traffic.
Imagine that your car could detect hazardous roads before you could sense it? A feature that provides this type of protective driving exists within European cars. This valuable safety feature that is offered in European cars i...
Ever since the invention of the automobile, numerous efforts have been employed to try and improve its safety features. Judging by the current statistics, one could argue that driving has so far turned out to be a risky business. In actual fact, people of all ages and social status are considered to be in control of lethal weapons whenever they have to drive. According to the National Safety Council, it is estimated that more than 41,000 people lose their lives in road accidents annually and no less than 2 million more suffer from serious life threatening injuries (2009). Furthermore, it is estimated that at least 50% of the people killed in road accidents is as a result of their failure to adhere to safety measures such as wearing seatbelts while driving, driving under the influence, or careless driving (Ingalls, “Defensive Driving Strategies”). As an effect, huge losses occur with respect to life, injuries sustained, and damage to property.
The related concept of Ambient Intelligence (AMI) cuddles greater user-approachable, more efficient services support, user-empowerment and support for human interactions. A future vision for ITS is described with reference to efficient road traffic management, services for smart travelers making inter-model journeys, smart cars, cooperative systems and automated highways.
There is a system already in use that is cheep. This system uses a liquid crystal strip attached to the drivers wing mirror. However, this attachment location is too high from the ground to properly determine road conditions. Additionally, some cars have heated mirrors, which would render this system useless.
Although the radio systems in our cars and trucks are a great source to keep us entertained during our trips, they can be a huge safety hazard to not only ourselves, but also to other drivers sharing the road with us. When a driver takes his or her eyes off of the road to change the channel on their radio or to turn the volume dial up or down, they can veer into oncoming traffic or strike a pedestrian. Distracted driving is ...
The “eye-blink sensor” is based on the IR sensor’s principle. The person’s blink would cause a variation in the sensor’s output, which is further transferred as output to the alarm logical circuit.
Lauginie, P. n.d. Drummond Light, Limelight: a Device in its Time. [e-book] Université Paris-Sud, France: Groupe d’Histoire et de Diffusion des Sciences d’Orsay (GHDSO). http://archive.ihpst.net/2013/Procs/Lauginie.pdf [Accessed: 19 Jan 2014].
Bicycle sales have been flourishing in America and other European countries in recent years, with some justification being high gas prices and the unequivocal pollution that contributes toward global warming. Booming bike sales attracts more bikers to the road and for long hours, during night in enjoyable weather. Cycling at night can be extremely dangerous. It’s not a good idea to ride a bike at night, especially when it’s too dark. It’s safe to always travel on a well-lit road. But when riding on a dark road, taking precautions for his safety should be the first priority for a biker, such as wearing bright clothes with reflective vest and reflectors on the bike, flashlight on the front of the bike. But what if you don’t have a reflective vest? What if the battery of the flashlight dies? A multipurpose bike can come in handy. The mechanical motion of the pedal can help convert its motion to electrical energy which can provide the LED’s on the bicycle, limitless amount of energy to work till the bicycle is running.
In 2010, Google broadcasted that they created an archetype of a car that can drive itself; its purpose, to avert collisions, allow citizens more time, and cut down on harmful pollutants that vehicles produce (Poczter & Jankovic, 2014). The heart of the self-driving automobile is lasers that are mounted on the roof of a modified Toyota Prius that produces a precise three-dimensional atlas of the area surrounding the car. Furthermore, the automobile is outfitted with four radars, and another laser around the vehicle that allows it to precisely create a 3-D map of its surroundings (Poczter & Jankovic, 2014). The vehicle calculates the laser dimensions with high-resolution maps of the globe, which allows it to drive itself without human intervention, while evading obstacles and obeying traffic laws (How Google’s self-Driving Car Works, 2011).
An important tool for increasing worker safety at night, is a headlamp. An LED headlamp puts out a bright light and is essentially a portable lighting system that fits on one's helmet. This leaves both hands free for tool use, work activities, and climbing. Because it always stays on the helmet, it does not get misplaced as a flashlight would. The headlamp enhances safety in many outdoor work situations. Here are four examples that
The automotive electronics industry is mainly made up of a group of companies that provide and develop electronics based on four major categories namely, power controls, safety controls, communications and entertainment systems, and body electronics. These electronics address energy saving, environmentally friendly, safety, comfort, communications and entertainment aspects for the automotive market (Deloitte, 2013). For Mobileye’s case, it is currently operating in the safety controls segment (developing and supplying Advanced Driving Assisted System (ADAS)) in the automotive electronics industry, addressing the safety aspect face by the automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and consumers.
(c). Hanks. P. 2000. The Basics of Loop Vehicle Detection. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.marshproducts.com/pdf/Inductive%20Loop%20Write%20up.pdf.html. [Accessed 01 December 13].