Essay Topic: Discuss the motives of the Committee of Public Safety and the role they played in the running of France (up to 27 July 1794)
"Anarchy within, invasion without. A country cracking from outside pressure, disintegrating from internal strain. Revolution at its height" This was the country the Committee of Public Safety ("The committee"), inherited and it was announced their mission by the Convention, to "create a viable (republican) state amid political turmoil" , by means of intimidation and ultimately terror, indeed the proclamation of "terror as the order of the day" so as to establish a peaceful, stable government for the introduction of the constitution. "The aim of constitutional government is to preserve republic. The aim of revolutionary government is to establish it" This was to be achieved by the passing of "laws and controls necessary to strike terror in the hearts of counter revolutionaries" . However as is revealed through their actions and policies, the Committee had ulterior motives, harnessing Jacobin ideals. During the years of terror, ending July 27th 1794, the Committee established themselves within the running of France, by assuming control of areas of the economy, sections of war and munitions, as well as education and supply and provisioning as part of their bid for ultimate change.
"laws passed went beyond national safety and revealed a Jacobin social vision for a secular and republican education system and a national program of social welfare" . The terror was their weapon, with which to establish and restructure areas of education, war and munitions, provisioning and supply, and ultimately change the very principles and traditions daily life relied upon. It became both their motive, and their mission, and it was part of their role which they played in the running of France. No longer was "The central purpose of the terror to institute the emergency and draconian measures necessary at a time of military crisis" , but rather to establish an official ideology from which would stem republicanism and other Jacobin ideals.
The Committee were able to acquire control over the Convention and the industries of France, by relying on the support of Jacobin members of the Convention. "The national convention claimed sovereign authority, but in half of France its authority was denied." . It is for this reason that they were able to create a virtual dictatorship over France and introduce policies such as the policy of Suspects, and the Law of 22 Prairial, (June 10, 1794), which "suspended a suspects right to a public trial and to legal assistance".
Aside from giving the guillotine a purpose, the Reign of Terror stands as a necessity in the story of French independence. It might not have been the proudest of times, but the Reign began on a strong premise: holding together a new government by purging the bad apples for the betterment of the whole cart. While the Reign of Terror developed into an overly excessive bloodshed, it was justified by the war stricken circumstances and necessity for the support of the ongoing revolution. Despite the extreme heights the Reign of Terror reached, it was necessary to maintain the fragile presence of the government and preserve the new liberty a majority of the population had been denied before. In a 1793 letter from Vendée —a major counterrevolutionary hub— local government was fending off on-going riots and rebellion while being invaded from the north by Prussia.
First, the Jacobin leader Robespierre’s tried to protect the revolution but this plan backfired. It backfired because immediately after the publication of this decree, all suspected persons within the territory
The Jacobins therefore seized control of the national convention and used it to denounce,arrest,and execute all political enemies. Due to the fanatical aspirations of men such as Danton and Robespierre,who was very radical, it would be only a matter of months before the moderate stage of social and political reform was transformed into a radical phase of barbaric and violent force. Danton and Robespierre used Mara as a face of the saint jacobs club since he was typically a great friend to the people to justify their actions of killing Louis XIV and Marie Antoinette along with their children and 40,000 others with the guillotine to stop anyone thought to support the counter revolution. Robespierre wrote “Justification of the Use of Terror” to inform the people that terror is necessary to weed out anyone would opposes the republic. The radical forces were able to gain the support of the citizens in declaring that the constitution of 1791 was ineffective and useless since it did not suit the needs of ALL the population of France. The declaration of the rights of man and of citizen did not include women, slaves, and minorities as well as not giving any specific shape to the government
In the article the authors stress the difficulties that disabled people run into when attempting to deal with grief. They find it critical that caregivers realize that people with disabilities very well may grasp the notion of death, and the various changes that loss may bring. Also brought up is the fact that the disabled population may not show the normal symptoms of grieving, or any symptoms at all. They stress the importance of awareness of these differences in spite of limited communication which in turn can lead to more problems with the grieving individual.
In 1789, the French people began to stand up to their current monarchical government in order to obtain rights and laws that they felt they deserved. The Reign of Terror followed after the Revolution and seemed to stand for the complete opposite of what the people had previously stood up for. The Reign of Terror began in 1793 and ended in 1794 due to the decapitation of Maximilien Robespierre. The Reign of Terror can be explained as a time period in France when many counter revolutionaries were killed because of their traditional beliefs. Counter revolutionaries believed in preserving the ways of the monarchy, but since the majority of people thought otherwise, these opposing beliefs led to death. The French government did not have good reason to conduct such drastic measures against those who challenged the Revolution.
Kreis, Steven. "Lecture 12: The French Revolution - Moderate Stage, 1789-1792." The History Guide -- Main. 13 May 2004. Web. 03 Nov. 2011. .
A rather ominous name for the unaware; “The Reign of Terror”. An oblivious person could completely bypass the horrifying events related to the French Revolution, had it been named differently. The title for these events is appropriate from my perspective. Those four words could easily interest a curious, ordinary person, and so the history can survive, along with the information transferring to yet another carrier. Of course, everyone can benefit from knowing a few terms that can increase your understanding of the topic. An absolute monarch is a person that has absolute power among his or her people. The Estates General is a representative body drawn from the three ‘estates’ into which society had been theoretically divided. A fraternity is a group of people sharing a common profession or interests. A radical person is a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform. The device used to execute most people was the guillotine: a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people. The Reign of Terror is generally defined as a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, but in particular, it is the period of the Terror during the French Revolution. Conservatives are people that hold to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation. Now that we can speak of our topic with more knowledge of terms typically used for this subject, we can address the pending question. Was The Reign of Terror justified? An outstanding amount of people died for good and bad reasons. Every system was corrupt, there was practically no right and wrong; no order, just rebellion. Several conflicting arguments can be made, but there is a definite decision to make in this situatio...
Liberty, equality, and freedom are all essential parts to avoiding anarchy and maintaining tranquility even through the most treacherous of times. The Reign of Terror is well known as the eighteen month long French Revolution (1793-1794). In this period of time, a chief executive, Maximilien Robespierre, and a new French government executed gigantic numbers of people they thought to be enemies of the revolution, inside and outside of the country. The question is: were these acts of the new French government justified? Not only are the acts that occurred in the Reign of Terror not justified, they were barbaric and inhumane.
Throughout this book, Palmer does an exquisite job painting the collage of the twelve men's ride to the top upon the horse of the committee of Public Safety. He wonderfully combines each man's individual actions with the more general problems that the Committee of Public Safety confronted. He discusses in detail the policies adopted to defend the Revolution, as well as how and why they were put into effect.
What does it take to create an environment that encourages collaboration? How can your organization find the collaborative success that organizations like Apple, General Electric, or Southwest have come to know as generally accepted practices? The success of the aforementioned organizations in terms of collaboration stems from several different components. The first of which is the very essence of their respective cultures. Take Pepsi as a case study. Pepsi has recently launched a new series of Gatorade backed by dominant athletes such as LaDainian Tomlinson, Peyton Manning and Derrick Jeter. The new G series begins with the G1 Prime. G1 is to be taken prior to activity in order to “provide energy by maximizing the availability of carbohydrate energy to muscles.” (www.gatorade.com) The G2 Perform line is an amped up version of the original Gatorade meant to be utilized during strenuous activity. The G3 Recover line “is the first protein and carbohydrate beverage formulated with the consistency of a thirst quencher to provide hydration and muscle recovery benefits after exercise.” (www.gatorade.com) The product is doing amazingly well and has injected Pepsi and the Gatorade brand even further into the realm of athletic competition. But it wasn’t the scientist at Pepsi that were solely responsible for this new product line. Pepsi partnered with Appalachian State University to improve the Gatorade brand. The result of that initial partnership with ASU and other partners aquired later in the process resulted in the new G series brand of athletic performace beverages.
As the Reign of Terror in France grew and invoked fear the internal threats became more radical and deadly. The French Revolution began in 1789 as an attempt to create a new and fair government. (Doc A) As year four of freedom lurched the thirst for power in Maximilien Robespierre stirred and the hunger for more blood provoked him urging him to create the Reign of Terror. 1793, the first year of the Reign of Terror, Robespierre grasped on to his new power and as the revolution spun out of control the Jacobins Club established a new way to “fight enemies” by constructing a Committee of Public Safety and a Tribunal Court. (Doc A) This new government was working swell it contained counterrevolutionaries in the Vendée Region, and it smothered and ferreted the internal threats. (Docs A, C, G) The counterrevolutionaries adopted a name that meant trouble – the rabble. (Doc D) In a letter written by a city official of the Town of Niort a...
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel showed his readers love and sin can be one of the same. Each author made what they thought would suit their own personal or public preference. Joffe’s purpose to take the chosen route was to give the character an extended theme basis from their original plot line. Neither story is “better”; one may be more entertaining while another being more informative. The film may have edited out one of the drastic details that made the novel’s success, explaining the films failure.
This process is not easy because having a grief and working through the pain is very different from each other. This process is a broad concept because it includes several positive ways of handing the grief. The proper identification of the various emotions regarding pain and dealing with those is the main procedure of this task. The various emotions of grief are shame, hopelessness, fear, anger, guilt, sadness, loneliness, lack of hope, feeling emptiness (Beckett & Dykeman, 2017). The task can be accomplished in a correct manner if the griever is properly acknowledged by talking and understanding. Though there is one limitation in this process which can be a complex situation that is the griever can deny all the emotions and avoid talking about them. This process can create distress and anguish inside the mind of the griever. Sometimes this problem may rise due to the attitude of the society which creates a sense of grief inside the mind of the griever who tends to avoid the whole situation thinking nobody would understand. This whole criterion can be resolved if there is a proper sense of understanding among the griever and the society. (Brown,
“Revolutions never go backwards.”-Wendell Phillips. It is true that revolutions never go backwards; an example of this would be the French Revolution. Before 1789, France was ruled by a monarchy. Before the France revolution, the monarch was King Louis XVI. His family had ruled France for many years, however King Louis XVI, was an ill-suited leader who lost his country to the National Assembly. During the French revolution, France went through countless reforms by switching back and forth from republics to dictatorships. France eventually thrived under the rule of Napoleon, who was a dictator chosen by the people. Because of the sacking of King Louis XVI and the monarchy, France had become a better nation. Therefore, the citizens for France were justified in overthrowing King Louis XVI because King Louis XVI was not a competent leader, he treated the third estate poorly and King Louis XVI let Marie Antoinette have an impact in political affairs.
...n after National assembly created liberal parliamentary system and rebelled against Monarch rule by passing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The National Assembly made governmental reforms forcing Constitutional Monarchy in France. The Constitutional Monarchy was represented by electorates. The legislative Assembly promoted liberty, equality, secularism, freedom of thought and replaced Constitutional Monarchy by Republic. It also declared war against Austria and Prussia in 1792. The government organised Terror of Regime to eliminate enemies of regime. The radical Jacobins won over the moderate Girondins. The Terror of Regime ended with the execution of Jacobin leader Robespierre in 1794. The executive directors governed from 1795 to 1799 under the Directory Rule. In 1799, Napoleon overthrows the Directory Rule and France fell back to Monarch Rule.