2.3 Flooding Background
Floods are the most common natural disaster as well as the leading cause of natural disaster fatalities worldwide. (Doocy S., Daniels A., Murray S., & Kirsch TD., 2013). Schanze et al., 2006, also indicate that flooding is one of the most threatening natural hazards in the world. Musa and Usman, (2013) assert that, flooding has the largest damage potential and affects a larger number of people when compared to other natural disasters. According to Munich, 2015, due to flood disaster, there have been a proportionate increase in economic losses, loss of human lives and livelihoods, environmental damages and destruction to social infrastructure during the last forty years. The annual average of floods, 127 in the previous
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For example, collapse of buildings and bridges, destruction of farmlands, loss of human life are all primary effects of floods. It is the immediate effect of flooding and such damages mostly requires without delays resources to help the affected victims.
Secondary Effects of Flooding
Nelson, A., Stephen states clearly that, secondary effects occur only because a primary effect has caused them. These are generally the disruption in service delivery such as contamination of water supply (especially if sewerage treatment plants are flooded), disruption of electricity supply and transportation systems. Disruption of transportation systems occur when bridges are broken and parts of roads are washed away.
Tertiary Effects
Tertiary effects include the long term effect of the primary event. For example, the loss of habitat due to flood is a tertiary effect. Permanent changes in the position of a river channel caused by flood, new channels of rivers may develop, debris and sediment deposited by flooding may destroy farmland. Jobs may be lost due to the disruption of services and destruction of infrastructure but on the other hand, jobs may also be created in the construction sector during reconstruction. Other examples include an increase in insurance rate which may occur, corruption which may come about because of the misuse of relief
Many of them were human impacts. One impact for example was that from the years 1963–1979, the number of reactors under construction globally increased every year except 1971 and 1978. However, following the event, the number of reactors under construction in the U.S. declined every year from 1980–1998. This was of course encouraged by the accident. Many reactors were even cancelled. 57 nuclear reactors were cancelled from 1980-1984. The world still has a lot of nuclear reactors because of this accident though. Even though it was a turning point, it made us more aware of the dangers and then we could build safer and more modified power
In August of 2005, Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast, leaving its signature of destruction form Louisiana all the way to Florida. The hardest hit area and the greatest catastrophe was in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. For many years the people of New Orleans had feared that one day a hurricane would drown their city with its storm surge. Katrina brought that nightmare storm surge and flooded the city. Yet the New Orleans levees system and flood control was the major cause of flooding, due to the inadequate repair and maintenance failure, incompletion of the levee system, and engineering designs based on outdated scientific data.
Kai T. Erikson studied the effects of the Buffalo Creek flood and interviewed the survivors left in the community. Erikson documented his research and his analysis in his ethnography Everything in its Path. The flood was unique in the way that it affected the community so drastically and the calamity that it caused in its wake. Buffalo Creek is a small mining community in rural West Virginia. The community has deep roots in the land and has always trusted the land to provide for them as well as trusting the company to treat them fairly. The community is made up of families that have been there for several generations and treats everyone in the community as a family member. Individuals in Buffalo Creek pride themselves on their hard work and
The Johnstown Flood Stained the history of the United States. Over 2000 victims died and even more injured. The flood has been blamed on many people since it happened. One group individually brought about the flood. The South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club made selfish changes threatening the effectiveness toward holding back a water overflow. The renovation made to the dam brought about the destruction killing many people and causing millions of dollars in damages.
The category 3 storm changed the lives of the residence who lived there forever. The storm in combination with the fault of the man-made flood protection walls (levee’s) resulted in the death of at least 1,300 people (1). With nearly half the victims over the age of 74, deaths were caused by; drowning, injury/ trauma and heart conditions (2). Hurricane Katrina was one of the most costliest storms to land on American soil, costing around US$135 billion in damages (3). Although the number of deaths caused by Hurricane Katrina are not as high as other natural disasters, Katrina displaced a massive amount of people from their homes, around 85% of the population were displaced directly after the storm hit (6). Being one of the most devastating natural disasters to hit the United States, Hurricane Katrina impacted not only the residence of New Orleans by also many of the surrounding
Throughout history myths play an important role in shaping cultures and civilizations. Since they’re meant to guide people morally it is not uncommon to find myths from different cultures with the same plots and lessons. The Epic of Gilgamesh, “Noah and the Flood”, “Deucalion”, and “Tata and Nena” all account of a great flood brought on by a God or gods. All four myths are similar in the sense that they describe a supreme being destroying life because of humanity wickedness and how a few commendable human beings repopulate the Earth giving birth to a new era; while the myths are remarkably similar they’re also very different.
Memphis Tennessee floodings are awful events, but some have left their mark in history, and have impacted society making many people search for solutions. Historical flooding events have dated back beyond 1927, but Memphis’s first calamitous flood was in 1927, then in 2011, but between those dates there have been street floods that happen without interacting with the river. Many important aspects of everyday life are lost during floods such as lives, homes, and money. People have been searching for solutions to prevent floods, and ideas that are executed well could easily become an ideal panacea. Memphis is where I have been raised and experienced several floods, which gives me a much stronger feeling about the history, impacts, and techniques to stop floods.
Tsunamis caused by the Earthquake leads to flooding along the coastal environment. This damages any homes. Flooding caused new lakes or sag ponds on the land. Increasing groundwater flow from springs and displacing stream channel. ("Flood Consequences")
New Orleans flooding risks originated from its location characteristics in proximity of Mississippi River. Since its foundation up to 1927, New Orleans water and flooding threats originated from Mississippi River but human activities had contained this by 1930s. Regrettably, this led to additional water problems. Accordingly, the critical changes to the New Orleans environment originating from the human development worsened the water problems in area caused by the floods. In particular, the growth in ...
Hundreds of people die each year from the effects of mudslides. Health hazards are one of the main effects of mudslides. Rapid moving water and wreckage lead to trauma for the sufferers. Clogged drainages can also cause spread of diseases. Broken electrical, water, gas, and sewage lines can result in injury or illness.
A Flood Hydrograph and the Factors That Affect its Form A flood hydrograph is a graph of two axis, 'discharge' and 'time'. Plotted on the graph is the amount of discharge over a period of time. By looking at a hydrograph, a lot of information and data can be gathered about the river, the precipitation, the surrounding area and vegetation etc. The gradient, height and length of a line can tell you a lot of this information. There are many different factors that can affect the appearance and shape of a hydrograph.
Did the Great flood really happen? Was it all just a big made up story? Or did the Bible speak the truth. Evidence from all around the world has pointed to the fact that the flood happened. The city of Ur was destroyed by a flood. All the different stories in the world of the flood save one family. Abraham could have carried the story of the flood of Ur. The theories of the flood do not contradict the Bible. Also the Black Sea wasn’t always a body of water. Although the Great Flood was thought to be a myth, scientists may have found evidence the flood existed because scientists may have found the boat, they have found houses underneath the Black Sea, and many cultures have variations of the flood.
The Flood Tribunal 1. Liam Lawlor The revelations by spin-doctor Frank Dunlop were the real turning point for the Flood Tribunal in 2000. Initially, Mr Dunlop handled the tribunal's question with ease, but after a grilling by the Tribunal Chairman, when he threatened Mr Dunlop with the possibility of a spell in prison, he appeared to crack. In a memorable day for Tribunal stalwarts and the watching public, the political lobbyist finally appeared to crack.
It can cause extensive damage to coastlines and several hundred miles inland due to heavy rainfall. Floods and flying debris often play havoc in the lives of people living along coastal areas. Slow moving hurricanes produce heavy rains in mountainous regions. Landfall and mud slides can occur due to excessive rain. Chances of flash floods also brighten due to heavy rainfall.
Flooding has always been part of the natural environment of Thailand. Since historical times populations that live within the urban and rural floodplains have learned of ways to adapt and survive (Balancing 2). With the economic development of many areas within the floodplain regions over the later part of the last century many areas have become further susceptible to seasonal rains and flooding.