1 Organizing Veterinary Drugs For my final essay, I will be classifying different veterinary drugs we use daily into proper categories to help others learn and study each group to know which type of drug is necessary. The categories I will be explaining today are some of the more crucial drugs we use daily on animals and should be well known and categorized for optimal treatments. These include the following: 1. Analgesic opioids and anesthetics are common pain-relieving drugs and help us induce animals for surgery’s and keep them under during procedures. They include: Acetaminophen (+ Codeine), Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Fentanyl, Methadone Hydrochloride, Morphine Sulfate, Oxymorphone Hydrochloride, Codeine, and Aspirin. Now some of the …show more content…
Vasodilators are used when blood flow is being constricted in narrowed veins and arteries and pooling during cardiac distress the long-term effects of the body’s mechanism to cope with this become degenerative in long term. Drugs that aid in the dilation of the vessels during these events are: Hydralazine, Nitroglycerin Ointment, Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril, Isosorbide, and Isoxsuprine. 6. Diuretics are commonly used to help pulmonary edema, ascites, and increased cardiac work, and inhibit absorption of some nutrients in the loop of Henle. They include: Furosemide, Chlorothiazide, Spironolactone, Mannitol, Acetazolamide. 7. Emetics are drugs that will help induce vomiting. Used widely for ingested toxins. Drugs in this class include: Apomorphine, Xylazine, Hydrogen Peroxide. 8. Cephalosporins are a group of broad-spectrum, semisynthetic antibiotics. They are derived from a soul that fights fungi, which is exactly what they do! They include: Cephalexin, Cephradine, Cefadroxil, Cefaclor, Cefazolin, and Cephalothin. 9. Tetracyclines usually act as time-dependent antibiotics and inhibit protein synthesis by reversing ribosomes, inhibiting protein creation by preventing bindings of transfer-RNA. They include: Chlortetracycline, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and Oxytetracycline. A major side effect of Tetracyclines are tooth degeneration in newborns and young
Ace Inhibitors are used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF). Most of the drugs that are Ace Inhibitors have the common ending –pril. It inhibits an enzyme; that decreases the tension of blood vessels and the blood volume, thus lowering blood pressure. Lotensin (benzapril) comes in tablets and is used for oral administration. It is one of the ace inhibitors that are indicated for treating hypertension. There is warning while using Lotensin when pregnant, it indicates to stop using immediately when pregnancy is detected. Vasotec (enalpril) comes in tablets and injection. It is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and is effective alone or in combination with other Ace Inhibitors agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. There is a warning for fetal toxicity; when pregnancy is detected; stop using.
Epinephrine can be added to NE if needed to maintain acceptable BP, or substituted if necessary. Vasopressin (0.03 units/min) can be used as an adjunct to increase MAP,or to lower NE dose; it should not be used as a single agent. Dopamine can be used as an alternative to NE, but only in patients meeting criteria due to risk of arrhythmias; low dose dopamine not to be used for renal protection. Phenylephrine not recommended in most cases; can be utilized if NE leads to serious arrhythmias, CO is known to be high yet BP continues to be low, or as salvage therapy when MAP target is not achieved by other means. An arterial cath should be placed ASAP in patients who require vasopressors. Inotropes can be added to vasopressors or used alone, with a doubatmine trial of up to 20 mcg/kg/min as an option if myocardial dysfunction is suspected by elevated cardiac filling pressures and low CO, or if hypoperfusion is still evident although intravascular volume and MAP are at goal. Bicarbonate should not be used in patients with pH greater than or equal to
SUMMARIZE: The article focuses on studies related to anesthesia which were conducted on dogs by researchers. Topics discussed include Arthur Guedel anesthetizing a dog using tracheal tube and cocaine crystals numbing cornea. It also goes on to talk about the numbing of Nazi dogs by Jews using cocaine. Also the use of curare by a surgeon named Mario Jascalevich which resulted in a neuronal cell death. Numerous stories on chemicals tested on animals, preferably dogs and facts were presented. (78
There are different forms of Opioids manufactured such as Morphine, Oxycodone, Buprenorphine, Hydrocodone, and Methadone. They are marketed under different brands such as Demerol, Oxycontin, Tylox, Percocet, and Vicodin and can be prescribed in liquid, tablets, capsules, and patches.
The sufferers might be treated with the use of calcium channel blockers which will expand the affected arteries so that blood can flow more freely.
In the late 1800’s it was discovered that papa-amino-phenol, could reduce fever, but the drug was too toxic to use. A less toxic extract called phenacetin was later found to be just as effective but also had pain-relieving properties. In 1949, it was learned that phenacetin was metabolized into an active but also less toxic drug, acetaminophen. Since then, acetaminophen has been sold under many over the counter brand names, most popular being Tylenol.
that are supposed to work for humans. Because of all the harm that animals go through,
Furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg daily in the morning: Loop diuretic used to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF).
George, Patricia and Geraldine Wagner. “Point: Medical Experiments on Animals Are an Important Element of Drug Development.” Animal Experimentation 2015: 7. Points of view: Web. 14 February 2016.
Lindley, P., Pestano, C. R., & Gargiulo, K. (2009). Comparison of postoperative pain management using two patient-controlled analgesia methods: Nursing perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(7), 1370-1380. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.04991.x
Alcohol consumption will need to be discontinued, especially if this is a cause. Moderate exercise should be encouraged within the limitations of the patient (Bennett). Medical treatment is generally aimed at relieving symptoms of heart failure and improving cardiac output. Patients are often given medications such as ACE inhibitors and Beta-blockers. Antiarrhythmic drugs, implantable defibrillators, and pacemakers are other treatments used for dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Anticoagulants are also an important treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy patients due to the increased risk of developing thrombus from poor systolic function, atrial fibrillation, and poor circulatory flow. Cardiac transplantation is another treatment option but heart donors are very limited (Lily).
Biomedical Research | Animal Use Research. N.p., n.d. Web. The Web. The Web. 19 Apr. 2014.
Potent pain medication contains the aspects of utilizing medications such as morphine or demerol, how the medications are dispensed, and t...
Aranella, Cheryl, MD., M.P.H. Use of Opiates to Manage Pain in the Seriously and Terminally Ill Patient. American Hospice Foundation, 2006. Web. 7 November 2011.
Although abuse of diuretics occurs in sport, diuretics were initially developed to treat many conditions in medicine. Traditionally their medicinal purposes include the treatment of many disorders and illnesses, for example hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and renal failure. Diuretics can also be used for the general reduction of the adverse effects that come with salt or water retention (Jackson, 2006). There are numerous categories of diuretics, each with a different function. These include Thiazides, used to treat hypertention and edema (e.g. benzthiazide), Loop Diuretics, which act on the loop of henle in the kidney and are associated with heat...