In the paper, “The role of facial orientation in newborn infants’ preference for attractive faces,” by Slater, Quinn, Hayes, and Brown, they did a study to test the inversion and attractiveness effect on infants. In this study they discover that infants may in fact actually prefer attractive faces because it is similar to those faces they have seen since birth. As for the “inversion effect” they have documented that infants around three months of age are sensitive to facial orientation. It is these theories that leaves them to believe that infants will show a preference towards upright attracted faces but not inverted attracted ones. (Slater, Quinn, Hayes, & Brown, 2000) In this study they tested newborn infants between the ages of 7 hours …show more content…
On the other hand seven out of the sixteen infants preferred the attractive faces when they were inverted. The difference that they discover that when the faces were upright infants preferred to look at the faces that adults have judged as more attractive. When they inverted the faces 180 degrees, they did not find the attractiveness preference. During the newborn stage, it is believed that during this time there is a swift process of learning about faces and the overall formation of the representation of a face. This ultimately shows that infants demonstration a range of abilities, both learned and innate, for example their perception of upright faces. (Slater, Quinn, Hayes, & Brown, 2000) These results reveal that in infants there is an orientation preference in newborns. It is believed that when adults provide stimuli to infants their faces will be recognized by infants in their original orientations and this in turns makes it possible that rapid learning when it comes to faces is orientation-specific. In conclusion to these findings, propose that this prototype, facial representation, includes information about faces that is orientation-specific. (Slater, Quinn, Hayes, & Brown,
The results of the study claimed that the attachments developed over time and goes through four stages. From birth to six weeks it’s the Pre-attachment or Indiscriminate phase, the infants respond to all stimuli in the same ways and so does not have certain attachments or preferences about who they were with, towards the end of the stage the child begins to show a preference for social stimuli (e.g. smiling). Between six weeks to six months it’s the Discriminating phase, they become extremely sociable with anybody, cl...
I was very surprised that babies and children tend to be more conscious than us grownups. I mean when you’re an adult they tend to be more conscious but I guess that curve ball is that we have a much broader of a surrounding and then other thing tend to disappear on what it doesn’t to us as adults than when we were adults.
... middle of paper ... ... Studies have determined that some infants can rectify these behavioral inconsistencies, but that the change is dependent upon a responsive caregiver in a nurturing environment. The birth of a healthy child is a blessing.
Baillargeon, R., & DeVos, J. (1991). Object permanence in 3.5 and 4.5-month-old infants: further evidence. Child Development, 62, 1227-1246.
The results illustrate a total of four children ages (6- 36 months) whose ethnic backgrounds were Caucasian (2) (male, female) Asian American (1) (female) Southeast Asian male (1) continually reached for a darker doll, expressing the results of Katz and Kofkin’s (1997) theory that babies and young children do possess a keenness for distinguishing outward appearances (p. 560).
Peek-A-boo is a game which involves two individuals, where one individual hides their eyes and face from their counterpart and then surprises them by simply uncovering their eyes or face and saying the phrase "Peek-a-boo, I see you". When the game of "Peek-a-boo" is played with a baby, the baby shows approval by being surprised as he/she smiles and laughs. Evidence of early stages of social, physical, cognitive as well as emotional growth and development is observed as the baby reacts with excitement, and mimics facial expressions. Within the early months of development of the fetal brain functions, simple emotions such as smiling or laughing while playing games such a "Peek-a-boo" reveal the development of the brain. Consequently, the neurons,
Infants go through many changes in their first two years of life. All are very important and should be monitored, but the physical change in an infant is the most noticeable change. By the
Charles Darwin put forth a point in the 1870 that emotions came into their form because they have modifying features. For instance, disgust emerged because the individual by responding in different ways to this emotion increased his survival rate. The expressions of individuals face are in born, the individual soon identifies the expressions on one’s face to judge whether other person is happy to meet him or not. The different theo...
That significantly more participants will pick the unattractive child stimulus picture to be punished, than the attractive child stimulus picture.
My theoretical orientation can best be described as a mixture of Person-centered therapy and feminist therapy. Where person-centered therapy is all about being aware of oneself and feminist therapy encourages personal empowerment. Those two together create a great theme of evolving to become something greater in life. I believe that human behavior is a result of feeling like you, have a sense of belonging in the world. Similar to what Maslow’s hierarchy, people need to feel a sense of love in order to be happy and confident in one’s self. Once they are content with themselves as result, they will project that same love towards others. When considering my approach, I want clients to be authentic and confident in who they are. The individual
Every step in my life has being important to me because it will help determine the future that awaits for me at the end of my journey. Choosing a theoretical orientation is an important decision for me as a graduate student working towards becoming a licensed professional counselor. After being introduced to several theoretical orientations, it was difficult to make a final decision of which one to choose because each one had ideas that I agree with. When reading these theories I realize that many of them had views that I agree or believe by, which made it more difficult to choose one in specific. At first, person-centered by Carl Rogers captivated my attention by his view and the way he develop the theory. He believed that no one was born to be devious towards others and I agree with him (Rogers, 1961). I believe no one is born with the intent to hurt others, but certain experiences that individuals experienced throughout their lives may cause them to do harm to others. One time, I saw a picture illustrating a white baby in a bus touching the hand of a black male who was sitting down next to his mother. The mother seemed to have a disgust face while looking away avoiding eye contact with the man. The picture said, “no one is born racist,” and in that moment I thought about the importance of what children are being exposed every day and the importance of what parents teach their children about life. Holdstock & Rogers (1977) mentioned that each individual is biologically and psychologically unique, which helps each person experienced their environment in their own distinctive way. I agree that each person is unique in their own special way, but at the end of the day each individual chooses to be different from others to...
In the process of human infants’ development, infants start to learn how to communicate with the others at the surprising early age, for example: Newborns can follow objects to make saccades to peripheral targets (Farroni et al., 2004);Infants’ responding eye gaze behaviour increase constantly since two months old (Scaife & Bruner, 1975); Cooper and Aslin pointed out that this preference showed up as early as the infants were one month old in 1990. Infants not only can respond to eye contact, vocal cues also are used for gaining more reference information during a communication, particularly when the speech is conducted forward to the infants. It had been reported in many studies that infants show more preference to infant-directed communication
The child’s sensory experiences at birth are very acute then what some people would think. At birth a child can pretty much hear, unless there is something wrong with the child’s hearing, however; it will improve as the baby grows and develops. At such young ages babies can distinctly smell who their mother are from other mothers. When a baby is born the sense of taste will develop fully over time; however, at birth a baby will prefer sweetness over any other taste. The text states, “First, vision is probably the least well-developed of the infant's senses” (Lefrançois, 2012). A newborn’s vision can appear be a little blurry but they can see pretty well for being in a women’s womb, for example they can see shadows and figures of people.
To test the theory out I showed my family members, and friends the same exact pictures and amazingly enough they all said left for both faces. But if we didn’t have the Internet, the chances are we would prefer the images on the right! The reason many people prefer the faces on the left for image 1 is because of the stereotypes men are given. A man is supposed to be more masculine, have a more defined jawline, and tough skin; from social medias perspective at least. For the picture portraying the female I also chose left, that’s because of how social media portrays the perfect woman, soft, thin, and less masculine. There was a test done surveying 200 men and women (ages 18-25). Before the test was conducted there was a survey to see who had Internet access, or any type of social media access. Those who didn’t have any access to the Internet mainly picked the images on the right, meanwhile those who had access to the Internet mainly focused on the images to the left, the reason behind this is because of the stereotypes men and women are given. Stereotypes have developed our preferences of how a human should look like. If it wasn’t for the Internet,
Personal Finance is a class I’ve wanted to take for a while now. My major is Finance not because I want a career in finance but more to learn about finance for my own personal situation. This class taught me so much! During this class I was able to evaluate my financial situation and set financial goals for myself. The four topics that helped me the most were emergency savings, buying a car, purchasing a home, retirement, and estate planning. After completing this class I have a better understanding of these topics and how to achieve my financial goals.