Background:
1Germination can be defined as the process of seeds, develop into new plants. In spite of being changeable according to its species, there environmental conditions that needs to be supplied such as temperature, ph and sunlight.1The first process is when water is plentiful, the seed fills with water in a process called imbibiton. In this process seed starts to grow a root. As the plant grows leaves to obtain sunlight. After this point, plant will continue to develop and make its own food by photosynthesis. In order to grow a plant stronger and faster, over the time, people developed different ways. One of these ways is applying fertillizer directly to the plant. Fertillizer is mostly beneficial and widely used so that plants may
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Variables:
Independent Variables:
Types of the beans:
- Phaselous vulgaris F034
- Phaselous vulgaris F033
Types of fertillizer:
-Ammonium Sulphate
- Worm Fertillizer
Dependent Variables:
-Seed embryo growth
Variables How it is controlled? Reason
Temperature Room temperature is controlled by measuring with a thermometer in each day. (23’C) Additional heat may decrease or increase the growth of roots.
Light Seeds are placed in transparent petri dishes at the same time and exposed to the same light level. This allowed to reduce inaccuracy between groups.
Time Germination and growth of roots are measured at lunch period between 12.30 pm.-13.00 pm for each trial In order to make a more accurate measurement.
Volume of Water By using graduated cylinders. Equal amount of water will provide more accurate results. Table 3: Controlled variables and the method to control them
Material List:
1. 500 ml of tap water
2. 1 liter of ammonium sulphate and water solution
3. 1 liter of worm fertilizer and water solution
4. 33x seeds of Boncuk Ayşe1 (Phaseolus vulgaris)
5. 33x seeds of Ayse Kadin2 (Phaseolus vulgaris)
6. 12x couple of petri
The experiment was designed to test the hypothesis by planting an increasing number of genus Helianthus (sunflower) seeds in pots to see how they respond to increased density in limited space. Two replicates each of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 seeds were planted in similar size pots containing an equal mix of potting soil and perlite. All plants were kept in greenhouse conditions exposed to similar light and temperatures settings and were watered at equivalent intervals. At the end of the time period each pot was evaluated for number of seeds that had germinated as well as number of stems with blooms. Stems and blooms were cut and weighed.
the effect light has on the growth of pea plants. It will take place in an environment with controlled light, with equal amounts of plants being grown in the light and in the dark. All elements of the experiment other than light will be kept the same, such as amount of seeds in each pot, amount of soil in each pot and amount of water given to each plant each day. This will ensure a fair experiment. Prediction: I predict that in general, the plants grown in the light will grow better than those grown in the dark.
The cultures were maintained at 25±20C under 16 hr illumination of 4000 lux intensity. The results are presented in Table 1, it can be seen from the data that pH of the medium had significant effect not only on regeneration frequency but also on number of shoots developed in each culture. Maximum 62.5±4.7 percent cultures in CoS 98259 and 67.3±4.9 percent in CoS 767 developed shoots at pH 6.0 while regeneration frequency was the lowest at pH 5.6. An increase in pH form 6.0 to 6.2 and 6.4 reduced the frequency of shoot regeneration from the callus (Table
There are many factors that influence the germination of plant seeds. Adequate warmth and moisture seem to be essential prerequisites but many seeds fail to germinate even under optimal conditions. It has been noted that the gibberellin hormone can break dormancy in seeds, by removing inhibition effects of light (Chen and Chang, 1972). It has been suggested that growth of soil fungi that release gibberellins may be a trigger for seeds to germinate because the fungi will only grow extensively if there is persistent moisture in the soil. (Note: cactus seeds are often very slow to germinate and germination may be spread over many months. This can be rationalised as a response to the need not to germinate too soon after wetting because there may not be sufficient
We used wheatgrass were 40 wheatgrass seeds, two empty pots, soil, and water. We first added soil for both pots and 20 wheatgrass seeds in each pot. My partner and I decided that we label pot one experiment which is “sugar and water” and pot two control which is “water” only. The experiment was for almost four weeks we had to make sure both get the same room temperature and water, so we can see the results after this amount of time. Both pots had same room temperature so both can have the same amount of sunlight also, the same amount of water which is a glass of water from the sink once a week. In the experiment pot we added a glass of water with one teaspoon of sugar and the control pot glass of water. Every week we used to see both pots grow almost the same. At the end of the experiment, my partner and I measured the length for both plants and we recorded the average for each plant, so we can know the rate of growth
The opening and closing of stomata is one example of this movement. There are a large amount of growth conditions that can affect a plant. One of the most important of these conditions concerns the type of availability of light present for photosynthesis. By controlling the type of light that a plant receives, its growth can be affected.
The seeds were tested over a two-week period to see how they would react to the different variables that were picked. After the two weeks the results were compared between the Lab group to see how each person’s variables either hindered the seeds or helped them grow. The purpose of this experiment was to describe and test what environmental factors
By the time spring came, my father was regaining his strength. My father and I tilled and prepared the soil, then began planting the seeds. Though I wanted them to sprout immediately, they had their own timetable. When they finally did, I was so excited to see them pushing their way up through the dirt and climbing towards the sun. We cared for the seedlings, giving them manure, aerating the soil, watering them daily, doing everything we could so they would keep growing. But my father would point out that the first rule of gardening is that we are not in control. We can only wait and watch and enjoy each moment. As the plants grew stronger, I felt myself growing stronger as well. Slowly, I was learning to wait and coming to understand that the growth process, like life itself, has a force and rhythm of its own, and that I could rely on it.
To delve into the clockwork of this technology we must start from the beginning. A plant starts its life as a single celled organism; the sperm within pollen fertilizes an egg. This egg (cell) divides to form the tissues and organs of a species. As development proceeds cells grow unique of one another and change. Different cells make up different things (ex cells in the stalk of the plant are much different than those of the piston) and these differences are attributed to the fact the different amounts of proteins in each cell.
Tissue culture allows for the growth of a plant without the use of seeds or pollination.
This experiment was developed by trying to make gardening more interesting by growing cucumbers faster with different items that can help other plant. By figuring out how to grow
Seed Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed into a plant such as an angiosperm or gymnosperm. Temperature is a factor that can highly effect the germination of a plant. Squash is recognized in the family Cucurbitaceae. Squash come in different varieties, usually distinguished as being “winter” or “summer” squash (Maynard, 2003). It is actually said that summer squash is harvested when the fruits are immature (New World Encyclopedia contributors, 2008). In order for a seed to germinate, the seed has to be fully developed, meaning it should contain an embryo and have food storage which is surrounded by a seed coat (DuPont). Seeds also need the proper environment to properly germinate. The temperature must be right, the moisture level of the soil must be favorable, and they will need sunlight. The desirable temperature for a seed will vary. If the seed’s environment is not optimal, then the seed will
Seed certification is a quality assurance process. Seed intended for domestic or internationalmarkets is controlled and inspected by official sources in order to guarantee consistent high quality forconsumers. This is done by i) controlling the seed in previous generations; ii) carrying out field inspectionsduring the multiplication process to ensure there is little contamination and that the variety is true to type;iii) growing samples in control plots of the known seed to ensure that the progeny conform to thecharacteristics of the variety and iv) seed quality testing in laboratories (OECD,
Asexual propagation is the process through which reproduction without passage through the seed cycle occurs. The advantages of asexual propagation are that it preserves genetic makeup, propagates seedless plants, disease control, rapid production, the plants are identical, cheaper, faster and easier reducing or avoiding juvenility. The disadvantages of asexual propagation are that it increases disease and insect susceptibility, plants are bulky, and the mother plants could become contaminated. The goal of this experiment was to determine the development of adventitious roots and shoots, and observe these plants over a period of five weeks. Due to auxin being produced in the tip, tip cuttings should root faster than any other cuttings. Auxin is a plant hormone that is responsible for cell elongation and enlargement, root formation, and growth. There are two forms of auxins; phototropism, which is produced in the tip and moves downward on the side away from the light and gravitropism, which is where plant roots grow downward and plant shoots grow upward.(Plant Auxin 201...
Fertilization (conception) is the moment in which the sperm cell enters the oocyte and merges with it. From this moment, the cell division begins: at each division the number of cells is doubled in the fertilized egg. About two days after fertilization, the fertilized egg migrates the remaining way of the fallopian tube down to the uterus, where the implantation takes place. So that it can even come to the fertilization, some conditions are necessary, which will all together lead to the sperm and egg cell coming together. This is how fertilization works: After ovulation, the ovum migrates in the fallopian tube towards the uterus. In the next twelve to 24 hours she is fertile. The sperm arriving at the ovum try to drill through its shell. Fertilization