A number of women have played a pivotal role in the advancement of psychology; “Karen Horney, Anna Freud, Eleanor Maccoby, and Carol Gilligan are only a few who have made significant contributions to the feminist perspective. Legitimizing the study of girls and women creates diversity missing from previous theories; identifying and exploring important women‟s issues necessitates reconstruction of research methods and innovations in therapeutic practices that take a more holistic approach (Worell, 2001, p. 336).” (Gedney-Rubel, S.) Rotter, another important player in the advancement of modern day personality theory during the twentieth century, “sought explanations for behavior and personality outside and inside the organism, looking both to …show more content…
This phenomenon was first discovered during an experiment based on the Pavlovian classical conditioning situation involving respondent behavior. The experiment was conducted on a group of dogs and used shocks to induce a negative response. The dogs we're houses in a box with low walls and the shock was produced by the bottom of the box. These needed to demonstrate the appropriate behavior to escape the shocks. The behavior that was produced was the dog jumping over the low walls. However, during a second experiment, “The research did not work out the way it was planned. The dogs did not cross the barrier to escape the shock. Instead, when the shock was administered through the floor of their compartment, they lay down, whimpered, and made no effort to escape.” (Schultz, 06/2012, p. 370) This concluded that helplessness is a learned trait rather than a taught …show more content…
This is due largely because of the propagation of tablets and smartphones which gives the users mobile access to the Internet. This level of connection and the ease of use has profoundly changed social interactions with 75 percent of adults and 93 percent of teens reporting communication as their main reason for going on-line (Correa, Hinsley, & Gil de Zúñiga, 2009, p. 247). Although Internet usage and more specifically social media usage is prevalent across all ages, adolescents in particular are developmentally vulnerable as they struggle to formulate their identity (Alzahrani & Bach, 2014, p. 112). Social media may intensify need for popularity and approval while increasing anxiety and depression in adolescents (Alzahrani & Bach, 2014, p. 113). Studies of adult usage of social networking sites suggest higher levels of anxiety and loneliness and low life satisfaction (Correa, et al., 2009, p. 252). Technology is an influencing factor within most areas of life; learning and education, medicine and science, marketing and business. Medical instruments such as the fMRI allow real-time scans of the brain enabling a better understanding of critical areas for thinking and sensing while retailers can track our every purchase. With this widely accepted use of technology to keep connected there can also be a wealth of information that can be gathered and used for research purposes. Unfortunately,
MacKay, J. (2010). Profile of Bonnie Strickland. In A. Rutherford (Ed.), Psychology's Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive. Retrieved from http://www.feministvoices.com/bonnie-strickland/
Mary Whiton Calkins was the first woman to be elected as president of the American Psychological Association in 1905. The majority of her adult life was dedicated to her work in the development of “psychology of selves.” She was very passionate about the relatively ‘new’ world of psychology and was highly active in the field of philosophy. Mary Whiton Calkins was not deterred in her ambitions because she was a woman, instead she used her struggles to gain a voice and to speak out against the oppression of women during the 1920’s.
30, No. 4, New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies, Special Issue Editors, Sandra Harding and Kathryn
Her childhood left her feeling lonely and hostile but she channeled it into something positive, which in turn became legendary. Despite the odds that were against her for simple being a woman, she made major contributions to psychology. She did not accept the norms of Sigmund Freud and challenged many of his notions. She paved the way for many psychologists, especially females or those who wanted to work in feminine psychology. Our reasoning for choosing Karen Horney was due to the fact that we are young women trying to break into the field of psychology as well. We were inspired by her bold effort to oppose Sigmund Freud despite his prestige position in the psychology community and the possible public ridicule that would surface against her. She is one of the very few women psychologists still mentioned today, which gained our respect immediately. However, we believed that she does not get the recognition she deserves, which is why we wanted to introduce her to the class. As we go through our psychology books, she is mentioned in very pages and the authors usually sum up her contributions in a paragraph or two. If we were able to write about Karen Horney and her legacy in psychology in over ten pages, why can’t they? It was a pleasure to research her contributions to psychology and we hope to have covered them in their
In Austin McCann's Impact of Social Media on Teens articles he raises that "social networking is turning out to be more than a piece of their reality, its turning into their reality." Teens grumble about always being pushed with homework, however perhaps homework isn't the fundamental wellspring of the anxiety. Ordinary Health magazine expresses that, on insights, a young person who invests more energy open air is for the most part a more content and healthier child. Be that as it may, since 2000, the time adolescents spend outside has diminished altogether bringing on more despondency and heftiness. Not just does it influence wellbeing, social networking denies folks from having an intensive discussion with their youngsters without them checking their telephone. Despite the fact that the constructive outcome of having an online networking profile is to correspond with companions/family, they don't even have the respectability to lift their head and take part in a discussion. Appreciating the easily overlooked details around them turns into a troublesome errand to the normal adolescent when they're excessively caught up with tweeting about it. The repudiating impacts of it goes to demonstrate that social networking is not all it is talked up to
Feminist Theory is an aspect of considering feminism as having been based on socio-phenomenon issues rather than biological or scientific. It appreciates gender inequality, analyzes the societal roles played by feminists in a bid to promote the interests, issues and rights of women in the society. It is also based on the assumption that women play subsidiary roles in the society. The whole idea of feminism has however experienced hurdles in the form of stereotyping by the wider society. This paper tries to examine some of the effects of stereotypes that feminism goes through, what other philosophers say and the way forward towards ending stereotyping.
Feminist sociology focuses on examining and understanding gender in its relation to power within society as well as individuals. The fundamental principle of feminist sociology is the idea that in most societies, women have been oppressed and that men have been more dominant throughout history. Feminist theory directly relates to feminist sociology. According to the Introduction to Sociology 2e textbook, “feminist theory is a type of conflict theory that examines inequalities in gender-related issues. It uses the conflict approach to examine the maintenance of gender roles and inequalities” (Openstax 261). This paper aims to analyze feminist theory, discuss its history, as well as emphasizing a current social
How the social networking influents young people’s psychological well-being? Since the World Wide Web appeared in the world in the year of 1991, the internet has significantly changed people’s life on almost every level. Especially when the social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, became popular during the last decade, people’s lifestyles have greatly changed by this form of communication, which consequently brings many psychological effects on the young people. As the result, according to the recent researches, the teenagers and the young adults in this era are bearing many mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, and addiction, due to the social
The following paper explores two different theories, gender schema theory and Psychoanalytic theory, which seek to explain sex and/or gender. Both theories that will be depicted throughout this paper has its own orientation towards what gender is, where it is located, and what this means for every day.
Social media is so popular that according to a recent article published by forbes.com, “72% of American adults are currently using social media sites; that figure has gone up 800% in just 8 years”(Olenski). Social networking was originally created to simply reconnect people with old high school pals, but in recent years it has evolved into a completely different operation. When social media first originated it was also intended for adult usage, which has in recent years expanded into the usage of all ages. Social media can create a negative affect on lives because it has been proven to be a dangerous addiction, for it takes away interpersonal relationships that are essential in life, and it has been proven to prevent people from being productive in life.
Besides cyberbullying, there are many other negative outcomes for American youth in the use of social media websites like Facebook. For example, many teens are using shorthand and abbreviations when writing or communicating online. Additionally, teens lose themselves in social media, ignore their surroundings and even become addicted to social media. Consequences of this include a rise in obesity, devaluation in family, lack of exercise and decrease in focus on school and homework. Adolescents that use social media more often than others are more prone to “narcissistic tendencies,” “anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders” (Protalinski, 2011). American youth that share more online also display manic, aggressive and antisocial behaviors.
Psychologists have strived to define and explain personality for years and in their endeavors, many of them have arrived at differing, sometimes conflicting conclusions. For example, radical behavioral theorists believe that personality is nothing more than reinforced responses to stimuli while humanistic psychologists theorize that the human personality is exemplified through our enduring need to achieve self-actualization. For some, personality is a dynamic process, unfolding over the course of a lifespan. For others, it is an entity that is unwavering beyond childhood development. These are only a few of the ways personality has been defined over the years. Still, there are further nuances in these already vastly different approaches, creating
There has been controversy as to whether parents should limit the use of social media by teenagers. Teenagers feel that there is no need to limit the use of their social media networking, but on the other hand, parents should feel the need to limit their use and also keep track of their teen’s social networking. Social media allows students to be connected with their peers, teens who post positive status are more likely to be involved in extracurricular activities, and for many teens putting up “selfies” is a self confidence boost; however, too much social media can affect students GPA in school, cyber bullying can affect social health. Social media networks can give out personal information. Social media sites such as Facebook are one of the most popular social media sites that has 700,000-750,000 members joining each day.
There is no secret that a modern day teenager’s life is built around the usage of technology. As a result of society’s heavy reliance on technology, social media has become popular amongst people who are “technologically advanced.” Though there is a wide variety of social sites that can be accessed through modern day technology, a few have become very popular. Social sites which have become widely popular among teens include Instagram, Tumblr, and Snapchat. These social networking sites provide instant social connection and emotional support while letting teens post and send pictures of their everyday life. Many teens look towards social media for emotional support and social acceptance. The continual usage of these sites are negatively impacting the self- esteem of teenagers worldwide since they heavily rely on social medias to portray images of what they believe is acceptable for the society we live in.
In the twenty -first century, teenagers live in a life of social networking and life’s online. It’s hard to believe how much the world has changed over the decades, especially in technology. Technology helps people to contact relatives and friends from long distance more easily and conveniently. People can now talk to each other from everywhere in the world simply through chat and video calls. By time, internet connections have spread throughout households and social networking such as Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram has increased gradually. However, the internet and several modern technologies have wasted many times and has hurt the society. Social media plays such a big role in people’s lives that some people couldn’t even imagine