In North Dakota and various other surrounding states have a very harsh climate compared to other places. Because of this, multicellular parasitic disease is an uncommon occurrence. Physicians in North Dakota and surrounding areas rarely if ever see and treat patients with parasitic diseases; however, it can happen and it is important to be informed about such diseases in order to better treat and inform patients. I myself was not informed about several parasites that can live in the area and would like to pass the knowledge onto my peers as well. The parasites I will focus on are Diphyllobothrium Latum and Fasciola Hepatica. In order to have a better understanding of the pathology of the two parasites, the following topics will need to be reviewed …show more content…
Fasciola Hepatica is parasite that is classified as a trematode. The life cycle of Fasciola hepatica, like Diphyllobothrium Latum, is quiet complex. Once again, unembryonated eggs start by being passed on by a definitive host such as a human, cow, sheep, or goat. The egg is durable and waits to be in an aquatic environment. Once in the aquatic environment, a miracidium hatches from the egg. The miracidium is the first ciliated larval stage of this parasite. The purpose of the miracidium is to seek out and penetrate a fresh water snail. Once the miracidium penetrate the skin of the snail, they migrate into the muscle. In the muscle, miracidium transform into sporocysts which then reproduce asexually. The sporocysts mature into redia and then into cercariae. The maturation process of the parasite in the snails typically takes five to seven weeks.CDC The tailed cercariae are then released from the snail and seek out aquatic vegetation. Once the cercariae find aquatic vegetation it encysts, or form a cyst, in the plant tissue and matures into a metacercariae. During this, the cercariae loses its tail to become non-motile and forms a very hard thick wall in the plant tissue in order to survive. This is the only larval form of the parasite that is infective to humans as well as other definitive hosts. Humans then become infected when they eat the aquatic vegetation such as watercress with the encysted metacercariae on it. When this happens the encysted parasite travels to the duodenum outside of the stomach in the small intestines and excysts, or breaks out of its cyst. The metacercariae then borrow through the lining of the small intestine into the peritoneal cavity and migrate to the liver, more specifically to the bile ducts of the liver. Once in the bile ducts the metacercariae mature into adult
The Betta Fish is among the most popular home aquarium pets. Its scientific name is Betta splendens and is also known as the Siamese fighting fish. The Bettas Domain is Eukarya, Kingdom is Animalia, Phylum is Chordata, Class is Actinopterygii, Order is Perciformes, and Family is Osphronemidae. The average betta is 7.5 centimeters in length. Its body shape is streamlined, allowing it to effortlessly swim through open water. The Bettas body is covered with scales that overlap each other, kind of like shingles on the roof of a house. The scales consist of thin, transparent plates that protect the body of the betta and add streamlining for gliding. There is a mucus layer that covers the scales of the fish to protect against parasites and infections.
In some cases the eggs will get flushed out of the host. When this happens it releases miracidia that penetrate in to the snail. The snail is the intermediate host. When in the snail the organism uses asexual reproduction then development of cercariae. The cercariae can survive in...
Treponema pallidum is a Gram-negative bacterium that has a spiral shape (1). They are about 6 to 20um in length and 18-20um in diameter (1). Treponema pallidum can only survive within a host which makes them obligate internal parasites, meaning that outside a host this organism will die due to the absence of nutrients, exposure to oxygen and heat. Also since this organism can’t be grown on a culture medium, animal models are used to study T. pallidum (1). Treponema pallidum bacteria consist of an inner and outer membrane with a thin peptidoglycan cell wall lacking liposaccharides (1). They have a distinctive corkscrew motility with the aid of 6 endoflagellas (2). The specific classifications of Treponema pallidum are the following: Scientific name- Treponema pallidum, Common name- Syphilis. Treponema causes syphilis, yaws, and spinta. Borrelia causes Lyme disease and relapsing fever and Leptospira causing leptospirosis (5). What makes this microorganism special to the human population is that it causes infection to its host by entering the body through microscopic skin or mucous abrasions via direct personal contact with the lesions (sexual or kissing), blood transfusions, accidental bacterial inoculation, and transplacental passage (2). According to the CDC website there are 55,400 people diagnosed with Syphilis every year and 322 reported cases of congenital Syphilis in 2012 (6).
“The Bacchae” answers the question if irrationality could survive in a structured world. Dionysus the god of wine and festivals brings about chaos and barbarism. The introduction of Dionysus is of him and a flock of bacchus women returning to Thebes, the place of Dionysus’ birth, to punish the city for disrespecting his godly right. Pentheus is the appointed ruler of the city and main opponent of Dionysus. He tries to limit the spread of bacchus behavior, but Dionysus breaks free each time Pentheus captures him. Without the need of irrationality in a structured world society would tear apart. A world must consist of irrationality and rationality to have balanced society.
Wharton, David A. "Toxoplasma Gondii Prevalence in Farm Animals in the United States." International Journal for Parasitology: ASP Special Issue : 2000 Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Society for Parasitology and Australian Society for Parasitology Te Papa, Wellington, New Zealand, 24-28 September 2000. 2nd ed. Vol. 43. Oxford: Elsevier Science, 2001. 107-13. Print.
The everyday death of man is a show for the angels. Our hero worm represents death and people are the actors. The worm of death is from the Phylum Nematoda. Many roundworms cause diseases in humans, which can lead to death. I have, however, reason to believe this is actually the blood fluke, Schistosoma of the Class Trematoda in Phylum Platyhelminthes.
This disease may be on the brink of being eradicated entirely but that doesn’t stop it from being one of the grossest things that anyone has ever seen. The parasite enters the body via unsafe drinking water. When people drink water infected with water fleas that have have been hosting the larvae of the parasite. There are no symptoms, to begin with, but about one year later, blisters on the feet or legs begin to develop and then the adult fully developed worm crawls out of the host body over a period of a few weeks. It’s said that the pain is intense and can incapacitate a person for weeks at a time. The pain can also continue for months after the infection. The parasite needs to infect a person at least once a year in order to continue. There were an estimated 3.5 million cases in 1986 but the disease has been greatly reduced over time and only 22 cases were reported in 2015. This disease will probably be the first parasitic disease to be completely eradicated in humans.
The name of my species is Hydrilla. The scientific name of this species is Esthwaite Waterweed. The classification is Alismatales because all plants that fall there is either aquatic or tropical. Hydrilla has really impacted our world. The Hydrilla plant may be "good" to goldfish, for the reason that they play with it, yet it can ruin anybody's life. It was brought from another country, but it really impacted people's lives and the ecosystems. Although Hydrilla was originally from warmer parts of Asia, it has spread in some parts of North America. The Hydrilla was found in Florida in 1960 due to the aquarium trade. It impacted our lives and other organisms lives because of the scarce vegetation. In the ecosystem, the hydrilla would kill many
This paper includes an understanding about the parasitic roundworm called trichinella. It gives detail of the disease, its transmission and source. Emphasizing how it effects the body, further explaining the epidemiology and how the parasite poses a threat. Also providing an overview of the various types of transmission, how it obscures the human body, and informs one about the symptoms that occurs with the ingestion of trichinella. This paper also addresses the various diagnostic procedures and the treatment required in order to treat Trichinellosis. This, emerging the complex world of the most common type of trichinella species called Trichinella spiralis. In addition, it raises awareness of the health risks and possible outcomes that can come along when the parasites begins migrating throughout the body.
Smoking affects the cilia by clogging them, impairing the ‘cleaning system’ in your lungs. The cilia are a hair-like structure that lines our breathing tubes and act as filters to clean our air passages. Once the cilia are damaged, the mucous membrane tends to give off a large amount of mucous, which results in the famous smoker’s cough because you have to be the one to cough up the gross stuff because you don’t have a cleaning system anymore. The mucous that the mucous membrane amasses is normally swept away by the cilia, but since the cilia is damaged the mucous will continue to increase because there is nothing getting rid of it and it will make it harder to breathe, as well as, there will be a loss of elasticity. Lost elasticity causes
The world’s incessant demand for protein has been showing no signs of slowing down in recent years, despite the multitude of environmental problems concerning meat production that have arisen along the way – and entomophagy could be mankind’s solution to this predicament. Enter the world of entomophagy: the practice of consuming insects as a food source. The consumption of insects is not a completely foreign concept, with archaeological evidence dating back several thousand years demonstrating that the human diet originally featured insects (Huyghe, 1992). In fact, many societies in Africa and South America still incorporate insects as a crucial part of their diets (Huyghe, 1992) - and there is no reason for Australia to be an exception. Insects are exceptionally nutritious and particularly rich in protein, thus representing a highly viable food source for humans (Rumpold & Schlueter, 2013). One such insect is Acheta domesticus, also commonly referred to as the house cricket.
The initial phase (acute) lasts for about 2 months after infection. During the acute phase, a high number of parasites circulate in the blood. In most cases, symptoms are absent or mild, but can include fever, headache, enlarged lymph glands, pallor, muscle pain, difficulty in breathing, swelling and abdominal or chest pain. In bug) takes a blood meal and releases trypomastigotes in its feces near the site of the bite wound. Trypomastigotes enter the host through the wound or through intact mucosal membranes, such as the conjunctiva. Common triatomine vector species for trypanosomiasis belong to the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus. Inside the host, the trypomastigotes invade cells near the site of inoculation, where they differentiate into intracellular amastigotes. The amastigotes multiply by binary fission and differentiate into trypomastigotes, and then are released into the circulation as bloodstream trypomastigotes. Trypomastigotes infect cells from a variety of tissues and transform into intracellular amastigotes in new infection sites. Clinical manifestations can result from this infective cycle. The bloodstream trypomastigotes do not replicate. Replication resumes only when the parasites enter another cell or are ingested by another vector. The “kissing” bug becomes infected by feeding on human or animal blood that contains circulating parasite. The ingested trypomastigotes transform into epimastigotes in the
one in which the host animal can live for a long enough time for the parasite to
In order for you to understand how Echinococcus works. You have to understand how it is transmitted into your system and begins infecting you. Echinococcus goes through several different steps on how it is developed and then transmitted to other hosts. The adult echinococcus tapeworm is about 5 mm long and lives in the small intestines of dogs and another canine species such as coyotes, wolves and foxes. The stage where a cyst begins usually occurs in intermediate hosts; typically sheep’s but they can also affect cattle’s, horses, camels, pigs and goats and many others. Tapeworm eggs are passed by the feces of infected dogs and then are digested by grazing sheep’s. These eggs then hatch into the embryos within the intestines, and then penetrate the intestines to be carried by the blood to major organs such as the liver and lungs. This larval stage of the parasite is called an oncosphere. The larval stage spreads by the bloodstream to target organs and other parts of the body, such as liver, lungs, ...