ASSIGNMENT: THE CRIMES OF LEAD 1.What are the primary sources of environmental and occupational exposures to lead? Ans) Primary sources: a. Burning fossil fuels b. Mining c. Manufacturing Other sources: d. Lead paint in older houses e. Contaminated soil f. Household dust g. Drinking water h. Lead glazed plates and cups a. Painting, Plumbing and Welding b. Automotive repair c. Ammunition manufacturing d. Production of batteries and gasoline 2. List and briefly explain the common and most important routes of exposure to lead. Are there any differences in the primary routes of exposure to lead for children and adults? Explain Ans) Common and most important routes of exposure to lead, a. Ingestion b. Inhalation c. Dermal route Ingestion can be defined as taking in of the substance through the mouth into the gastro intestinal system. Ingestion of contaminated food, water and alcohol that are rich in lead content. Inhalation can be defined as taking in of the particles by breathing and gets carried into the lungs. Commonly associated with people working in battery manufacture industries. Dermal route: occurs when skin comes in contact with the lead. Organic lead is more absorbed than inorganic lead. Most commonly seen in people working with lead. There are differences in the primary routes of exposure, Babies and children can swallow lead through breast feeding. They can be exposed to lead in the womb if their mothers have lead in their bodies. In children ingestion is the major route of exposure. Lead paint is the major source. In older houses as the lead paint deteriorates, peels, chips or is... ... middle of paper ... ... lead -based. They should not participate in activities that disturb old paint or in cleaning up paint debris after work is completed. Prevent children from playing in the bare soil. c) Creating barriers between children’s play area and non-play area. Washing of children’s hands and toys at periodical intervals, because both are lead sources and get contaminated from house hold dust or soil. Proper care should be taken while using ceramic cups and plates, long term usage should be avoided, since these contain lead particles which are harmful when consumed along with food. d) Regularly clean floors and window components with water, because dust can get accumulated and act as a source of lead poisoning. Take shoes off when entering the house to prevent bringing lead contaminated soil in from outside. e) Avoid traditional folk medicine and cosmetics that contain lead
... water crisis will have a long term affect on those who are consuming this water on a daily basis. Lead attack the brain and can cause coma and possibly death. Children who survive lead poisoning are left with serious health issues such as metal defects and leave a child mentally unstable. Even at lower levels of exposure symptoms such as behavioural changes such as reduced attention span, reduced intelligence quotient (IQ). Children with smaller amount of lead exposure also showed increased anti social behaviour, it also reduces educational attainment. These side effect of high lead exposure can leave children scarred for life. The water crisis in Flint Michigan car scar children for life. This could all be resolved if they could come to an agreement and replace the water pipes, allowing for cleaner and healthier water to be accessible to citizens in Flint Michigan.
This is why the Flint water crisis is so critical today. Because young children are being exposed to lead and they should actually be screened from the lead. The pipelines with lead in the water system and the whole community of Flint, not being able to drink water out of the facet as well as not being able to
Lead is a metal found virtually everywhere even today. Sources of lead include auto body shops, electric storage batteries, glazes for china dishes, crockery, insecticides, electric cable insulation, hose, pipe, sheet and floor coverings. Lead is associated with stain glass work, jewelry making and antique ceramic doll painting. Although lead in paint was outlawed, there are still many homes that have lead paint (White et al, 1990). Lead found in gasoline was found in one study to account for 23--27% of the lead blood levels in the people tested (Wagner, 1991). This exposure to lead sources is more of a concern for children due to the characteristic habit of children to taste everything they touch; this characteristic is known as pica. Children are also in closer contact with their lead polluted environment during play. They are more active and exposed to outdoor contaminates and they inhale dust and dirt that are lead contaminated. Furthermore, the adsorption rate of lead in the digestive tract is up to 10 times greater in chil...
When lead enters the environment, it starts to become a problem. After a period of about ten days, depending on the weather, it falls to the surface. Here lead builds up in the soil particles. Where it may make its way into underground water or drinking water due to the fact the grounds acidic or if it's soft enough. Either way it stays a long time on the soil or in water. Months or years down the road after the lead has built up it starts to become a problem for children that play outside of their homes . This lead containing soil particles get on the child's hands or clothing and end up in the child's mouth. After the build up of so much lead it leads to lead poison. Lead poisoning has been an issue since the early 1900s, when the use of lead started being banned from the manufacturing of paint in foreign countries such as Australia. Unfortunately, the United States did not start banning it until 1978, when it finally became illegal in our nation. Today 90% of the lead in the atmosphere comes from the burning of gasoline. This problem has been a large issue since the 1920s, when the Environmental Protection Agency started making laws on the amount of lead allowed in gasoline.
lead are more prone to developing ADHD. Some scientists in Brittan have linked a higher
Breathing in and out is an innate behavior that we are born with; also, it is a behavior that people take for granted. Let’s say, people who smoke think a cough, or a cough with phlegm is a sign that they are about to get a cold, but then again it can be a sign of a potential health problem like emphysema, asthma, or tuberculosis. People smoke for different reasons; nevertheless, it is an addiction that they can recover from. It may take them several tries to quit smoking, but they can quit. People don’t think about the harm that they are putting on their lungs and alveoli when they put a cigarette to their mouth. For example, many long time smokers are diagnose with emphysema every minute. Emphysema is an example of a chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) that has causes numerous deaths and disabilities in the United States of America. Also, smoking is the number one causes of death in developed countries.
CLINTON, W. J. (1997, April 21). Executive Order 13045. PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS AND SAFETY RISKS . Washington, DC, Distric of Columbia, United States of America.
... in inhabitants living close to smelters and arsenical chemical factories. Citizens who live near waste sites with arsenic may have an increased risk of lung cancer as well.
Due to an above average level of poverty, many homes in New Orleans had very high levels of lead and arsenic in them. (Pastor) This combined with eighty percent of the city being flooded, released significant amounts of lead and arsenic into the environment which still exist today. Soil samples taken before and after Katrina showed elevated levels of lead, iron and arsenic. (Reible)A new study on one-hundred and nine households found that sixty-one percent had lead measurements above federal standards with twenty-seven percent greater than one-thousand two hundred ppm which was significantly higher than the five-hundred and sixty ppm collected before Hurricane Katrina. (Rabito) These inorganic compounds are related to cancer risks of which New Orleans already has a significant problem with. This complicates the decision on when and where to conduct environmental clean-ups in New Orleans to remove the lead, iron and arsenic.
Inhalant use refers to breathing in the vapors a substance gives off. The sole purpose is to get high. Surprisingly, these inhalants are legal. Things like markers and even cooking spray can be found in any local grocery store. It’s uses like huffing that cause these items to be misused. Inhalant use is not something that only a few people pick up on either. By the time a person reaches 8th grade, one in five will have used inhalants. Statistics show that young, white males have the highest usage rates. Hispanic and American Indian populations are close behind.
In 2007, the international toy manufacturer, Mattel, Inc. issued several recalls for millions of their products. These recalls were for safety reasons in that testing at the manufacturing sites and special test laboratories showed that millions of their toys were coated with dangerous amounts of lead in the paint. This lead based paint contains a potent neurotoxin that if ingested can cause serious harm to children. Mattel assured the public that the problem would be solved, the recalled products would be collected and replaced, and that the company would never let this type of incident happen again.
Huddie William Ledbetter also known as "Leadbelly" was an American folk singer and blues musical, most famous for his strong prominent vocals and his ability to play thetwelve-string guitar. Leadbellys astounding ability to play the guitar combined with his personal life experiences provided the foundation for his musical career. He also wrote about mainstream culture and black culture in general to express feelings of anger, sadness, and expose the wrongdoings of American society against blacks.
• Washing hands after touching blood, body fluids, or other contaminated items, even when gloves are worn.
Symptoms of lead poisoning include loss of appetite, weakness, anemia, vomiting, and convulsions, sometimes leading to permanent brain damage or death. Children who ingest chips of old, lead-containing paint or are exposed to dust from the deterioration of such paint may exhibit symptoms. Levels of environmental lead considered nontoxic may also be involved in increased hypertension in a significant number of persons, according to studies released in the mid-1980s. As a result, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in recent years have been revising downward the levels of environmental lead that it would consider safe.
1. Inhalants are household products that are inhaled or sniffed by children to get high.