Introduction
It seems that of expert witnesses in common law courts have always the more Influence and dependence in the court to help the justice to find the truth and give each one his/her right, but some time it has been unfair for some people. Reading the comments of lawyers and judges, it is easy that expert witnesses are intruders who disrupt the truth. The expert is one of the people who will be invited to the court to participate in the case and he will be questioned with many questions by the judge to share his knowledge and experience to find out the truth in a clear picture and the court expecting from the expert to play a large role in the case. Also sometime the expert can be called other expertise to participate with his opinion to resolve issues or disagree in other issues in the court.To be an expert
…show more content…
In general, the expertise them self should know from the beginning ether the requirement of admissibility will be satisfied or not, and the expert should not come with his/she own way as the thought. in additional of that the Judicial, recently give comment suggests that the minimum requirement to demonstrating expertise is quite low . To avoid and to be against those things it must be mentioned: first of all that the minimum suggestion cannot cross the line of the minimum requirement of proof and should be equal with all the possibilities. Second thing that the amateurs who are not qualified in the same field they cannot give some of the expert evidence types. Third thing that the clear guidelines to nominate the expertise start preparing it for a specific scientific
There are certain standards that the courts use to determine competency. In order to find the accused competent, a court should find out by a preponderance of evidence that the defendant has remarkable ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational indulgence. The def...
More specifically, expert testimony is intended to assist jurors with their task of evaluating trial evidence by providing them with information that is not commonly known by laypeople but is relevant for making the decision confronting the jury (Neal and Kovera). Sometimes they may offer an opinion about a crucial issue in the case based on their specialized knowledge or skills. When testifying about their area of expertise or about the opinion that they have formed after reviewing case facts, “experts are essentially communicating information to the jury with the intent of influencing their decision in a case” (Neal and Kovera). Thus, in the case of Cameron Todd Willingham, flawed expert testimony (fire investigator Vasquez and Fogg) could be easily construed as a persuasive message delivered to the jury. Sometimes the expert testimony may be flawed. Why? They misinterpreted and misunderstood the evidence. Generally, misinterpretation is a way causing wrongful conviction through the misuse of evidence. Misinterpretation of evidence refers to a failure to analyze or interpret evidence correctly, and thus, it may be misused (Ramsey). Correct analyzing and understanding of evidence needs expertise and skills. The misinterpretation could be unintentional or intentional (Ramsey). When misinterpretation happens, the
Criminal profiling, first undertaken within the nineteen-seventies, has been used throughout thousands of police investigations from bureaus all over the globe, currently some question their practicality in police investigations. This essay argues the utility of offender profiling in police investigations. Police Investigations utilize Offender and Criminal Profiling methods because it narrows the field of investigation, needs diminutive physical evidence to begin investigations and uses victimology to predict future actions of the offender.
Criminology as a genre is defined as the scientific study of crime, as well as its causes, law enforcement interaction, criminal behavior, and means of prevention. In its own way criminology is the history of humanity. As long as people have been on earth there has been criminal activity. Much like most other work atmospheres, it was a male dominated field. A woman seeking to work in criminology was unheard of. Men filled the jobs as police officers, lawyers, judges, and politicians. However, in the 1860s Belva Lockwood became determined to pave the way for women in criminology. As a women’s rights activist, she became one of the most influential women in criminology.
The media is a dominating aspect of American culture. The way the media depicts crime and criminal behavior has an effect on the way society views crime and criminals. Television series such as CSI, NCIS, Law and Order, Criminal Minds and countless others, have become very popular in our society today showing that our culture has an immense interest in crime. It is clear that there is a fascination with criminals and why they do the things they do. To analyze the way crime dramas represent crime and criminal behavior, I completed a content analysis of one episode of Criminal Minds. The episode I chose was season one; episode eight, which first aired in 2005, titled ‘Natural Born Killer’.
Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals. It is also a study that is constantly changing due to the people in our society, which political, economic and spiritual views of individuals come into consideration. Robert Agnew, an important man to the world of criminology, he was born on December first, in 1953, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Agnew fortunately is still living, and ages sixty years of age. He Attended Rutgers College, a school in New Jersey, where he received his Bachelors of Arts in sociology, although both his Masters and PhD in sociology he obtained in University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Sociology being the study of the functioning of human society. Agnew discovered his passion for teaching after her worked as a teacher’s assistant and served as Associate Editor to Social Forces Journal for a couple years. Agnew started teaching at Emory University, the courses he taught varied from criminology to the introduction of sociology. In addition to teaching, Robert Agnew wrote many books and articles about either criminology or sociology. He was also involved in both field’s sociology and criminology through academics, and contributed to them greatly. Although his best contribution was his development of the general strain theory. A theory in which Agnew elaborated on and decided to adjust his perspective. Having gone through bad experiences in one’s life, can influence in the way that a certain individual thinks, and can lead them towards a life involving crime in their everyday lives.
I am applying to the Master of Arts program in Criminal Justice at Lewis University, because I want to further my education in this field of study. The Criminal Justice field is changing day by day. I must admit that it is somewhat by accident that I find myself driven towards the field of Criminal Justice. I have always enjoyed watching and reading news article on what is going on with my city. When I was young, I thought I was going to major in Computer Science in Undergrad, but quickly that was changed. My advisor at College of DuPage told me to take a class in Criminal Justice, which I did, that could have been the best decision for me. I became quickly became fascinated with a growing interest in Criminal justice. When I transfer to Lewis University my Knowledge of the field grew, and so did my curiosity about how much I can do with this degree.
According to the Federal Rule of Evidence 702, A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise if: (a) the expert’s scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue; (b) the testimony is based on sufficient facts or data; (c) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods; and (d) the expert has reliably applied the principles and methods to the facts of the case (Gardner & Anderson, 2013 pg. 523).
The world will always be full of crime, thus it is necessary for scientist to grow along with the gruesome and increasing amount of violations. Due to this it sparked scientist to develop crime theories in which emerged to explain why crime is caused by individuals. Some of the few theories that have advanced over the past century and provided many answers to why crimes are committed are biological theories, psychological theories and learning theories. These theories provide an insight to its first use and change in order to provide answers.
If a person has a problem, that needs to be addressed in a court venue, it is likely that person will bring the problem to an attorney. Competence comes with the ability, of an attorney, to know where to find the answers to their client’s problems. Legal research is the process of finding the key facts of the case, and applying them to the cause of action. Research good case law and match it to the elements in the case. The hope of an attorney is to create an argument in court that is indisputable.
The accuracy and reliability of criminal statistics is something that has been of great discussion through criminology for decades. Whilst some believe that crime statistics are a misuse of time and resources, others believe that there is some use for them within the criminological community. The inaccuracies of criminal statistics are highlighted in abundance within academic articles and research, many of which highlight the main source as the dark figure of crime. Many also suggest other inconsistencies within official statistics to be influenced by law enforcement agencies and society. But whilst there is much research to suggest that criminal statistics are unreliable and of no use, there are some that suggest that this may not be entirely
Although the criminal justice system may vary, it is still used as a universal tool for everyone. The system may differentiate from country to country but with each country using their own tactics it all reverts to organization and obeying the rules. The criminal justice system is made up of three components: law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Over 200 years ago, the United States’ fundamentals laws were put into effect. Fundamental laws are originating rules and principles or constitution on which a government is based.
By the end of Dostoyesky’s Crime and Punishment, the reader is no longer under the illusion of the possible existence of “extraordinary” men. For an open-minded reader, and even perhaps the closed-minded ones too, the book is a journey through Raskolnikov’s proposed theory on crime. It is a theory based on the ideas that had “been printed and read a thousand times”(313) by both Hegel and Nietzsche. Hegel, a German philosopher, influenced Dostoyesky with his utilitarian emphasis on the ends rather than the means whereby a superman existed as one that stood above the ordinary man, but worked for the benefit of all mankind. Nietsche’s more selfish philosophy focused on the rights to power which allowed one to act in a Hegelian manner. In committing his crime, Raskolnikov experienced the ultimate punishment as he realized that his existence was not that of the “extraordinary” man presented in his theory. In chapter five of part three in Crime and Punishment, this theory is outlined by its creator, Raskolnikov. Such an innovative theory would clearly have placed him in the “extraordinary” category, but when he fails to meet its standards, by submitting to the common law through his confession, the theory crumbles right before the reader’s eyes.
In order to pursue my dream as a Forensic Psychologists I am aware that I have to put in a lot of effort and determination in to school. There are various aspects to pursuing my career such as getting good grades, volunteering in police departments, networking, and doing an immense amount of research on my field. The career I chose requires a lot of my time not only as a student but as an adult. What I mean by this is that from now on, my time is devoted in to acquiring skills and changing my persona in order to be better qualified for the my job. Throughout this road map I will talk about what is a Forensic Psychologist, what are the requirements, skills necessary, what I could do with this degree, the personality types that are best suited for this job, and what are the prospects of moving up.
The Classical School of Criminology generally refers to the work of social contract and utilitarian philosophers Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham during the enlightenment in the 18th century. The contributions of these philosophers regarding punishment still influence modern corrections today. The Classical School of Criminology advocated for better methods of punishment and the reform of criminal behaviour. The belief was that for a criminal justice system to be effective, punishment must be certain, swift and in proportion to the crime committed. The focus was on the crime itself and not the individual criminal (Cullen & Wilcox, 2010). This essay will look at the key principles of the Classical School of Criminology, in particular