Exercise Related Traits

1) Explain the difference between simple and complex genetic traits. Which exercise-related traits are genetic and are they simple or complex?

Simple genetic traits will display the same hair color, eye color, and sometimes height. Simple genetic traits will follow a foreseen impression. Complex genetic traits take into consideration the phenotype, genes, and the environment. Complex traits are very multiplex, and it corresponds with various factors in terms of the interaction with a genotype. The simple genetic traits that are exercise-related traits are the following: Muscular dystrophy, Cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, blood types, and detached earlobes.

2) What is ACTN3 and how has it been related to sport performance?

The muscle of the skeletal system is affected, due to the individual not being able to make the protein needed within the isoform of the muscle, in the skeletal system. Research has shown that elite sprinter/power athletes have showed a reduced incidence of ACTN3 (X/X). However, ACTN3 in the combination of two alleles, are frequently in command in elite power sprinters. ACTN3 is associated with performance and or physical activity. Moreover, there is not a definite answer as to why there is a relation between each of these.

3)

It is normal for there to be an increased heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output at rest and during physical activity in a pregnant moother. The mother is supplying more blood to the developing baby. The total peripheral resistance is lessened, and the blood flow increases, which will cause the blood pressure to become reduced. Lastly, the cardiovascular system is expanding the blood flow to the baby and the nutrients within the