Leveling mechanisms are a great way to help a community to keep the resources equally distributed. Which allows them to all gain something and prevents resentment.
Leveling mechanisms is a custom that assures fairness in a community by humbling one another to ensure that not a single member gains more wealth than the others (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride, 2015). An example of a leveling mechanism is when a member brings an animal back from their hunt, others don’t praise him, but instead tell them what’s wrong with it to prevent that member of gaining prestige (Monroe, 2015- subsistence systems). This example is used by the !Kung society because they believe in the same idea of social equality among their members. They do the exact
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Many societies value social equality because it creates fairness and wholeness in their community, which they’re able to accomplish through these leveling mechanisms.
References
Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E. L., Walrath, D., & McBride, B. (2015). The essence of anthropology. Boston (Mass.: Cengage Learning.
Monroe, C. (2015). Subsistence systems [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from ANGEL https://lms.wsu.edu/
2. A Potlatch is an event where a chief of a village gives gifts away like food and many other items (Monroe, 2015- politics, power, exchange). The reason for this event is to benefit the chief, clans, and the
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Although, in some cultures the practice of exogamy can also practice endogamy because many have to marry outside their group, but due to partners being found in their community it allows for the practice of endogamy (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride, 2015). Endogamy is very beneficial to the family because when someone marries another person in that same location/town, it helps build up that community and allows their wealth to grow (Monroe, 2015-Kinship systems). Exogamy is beneficial to the family due to this practice having lower risks of infant mortality because they marry outside their family, which lowers the risk of birth defects (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride, 2015). Exogamy also helps create alliances between other towns and allows people to build relationships with others (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride, 2015). For example, when different kingdoms wanted to create an alliance through marriage to fix being enemies with one another, this allowed them to fix the conflict they
In every epoch of history we find a gradation of social rank. As early as ancient
Social equality is the concept in which all individuals possess the same fundamental basic liberties, opportunities, moral value/respect, and social benefits. The concept of ‘equality’ has a multiplicity of meanings and definitions, and with the rise of liberalization and democratization around the world ‘social equality’ has become the most predominant. As economic openness creates greater wealth disparities, the parallel rise of democratization has enabled citizens to demand more accountability measures and public welfare services from their governments in order to manage such disparities. Although the movement towards greater social equality has made significant strides with the establishment of equal rights (especially in the 1960s following the civil rights and women rights movement), inequality is still widespread in society among different ethnicities, social classes, and even religions. Inequality is not, however, a characteristic that only encompasses/embodies developing countries, but also embodies developed countries as well.
Berman, E. M., Bowman, J. S., West, J. P., & Van Wart, M. R. (2013). Human
Allison, L. A. , Black, M. , Podgoroski, G. , Quillin, K. , Monroe, J. , Taylor E. (2014).
Stratification systems, categorized people by class, gender, ethnicity, wealth/income. When people are categorized, start looking at different systems within the social system or social mobility. “The four main systems of stratification have been slavery, caste, estate, and class. Each of these systems allows greater or less flexibility in terms of social mobility. Social mobility is the ability to move up or down within a social stratification hierarchy” (Larkin, 2015). Slavery is a social status began with social norms allowing people to own others. The slaves had no wealth or power while under this social status. Caste systems are all aspects of social status are assigned at births and held forever,
Page-Reeves, J., Niforatos, J., Mishra, S., Regino, L., Gingrich, A., & Bulten, J. (2011). Health
Social stratification has been around all through out history in all kinds of different societies. Newman defines social stratification as “the ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and life chances in a society” (Newman 2014). Stratification categorizes people into social classes based upon their occupation, wealth, income, social status, and power in society. This creates social inequality because people who fall into the lower social classes don’t have the same opportunities to thrive in society as people in the higher classes.
Davis and Moore’s model of stratification includes rewarding people when they accomplished bigger challenges. In order for the person to perform a task they need to feel motivated. This includes not only family motivation but the resources that they have making the process smoother. For example, a medical doctor will not waste 22 years of his life in school if in the end they make the same as a janitor (lectures) In order to succeed, there needs to be a big reward waiting in the end as part of the motivation to reach their goal. These rewards includes money, prestige and power (lectures) People will feel motivation knowing it will pay off, such as making them icons and great examples for the rest of the society. To guarantee that those positions get fulfilled, these rewards must be handed out.
Siegel, L.J., Brown, P., & Hoffman, R. (2013).CRIM 2nd edition. Toronto, Canada: Nelson Publishers. pp. 203-205
Johnson, S. M., Cramer, R. J., Conroy, M. A., & Gardner, B. O. (2013). The Role of and
First, the chapters cover stratification. According to study.com “Social stratification refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. In the United States, it is perfectly clear that some groups have greater status, power, and wealth than other groups.” According to the textbook “Stratification is unequal distribution of valued
Social stratification is an acceptable form of patterned social inequality. Class based systems of stratification are the most common today. The elements of social class include income, prestige, occupation, and educational achievement. Class systems are open, and because the c...
One positive argument about social stratification is that it is necessary in order to get difficult tasks performed, because only people that are trained to do certain tasks can do them. Another argument is that people naturally tend to accept a status hierarchy and their place in it. Life is said to be more stable and serene in stratified societies. The culture found in a stratified society is more satisfying than in a homogenized society, some say. On the other hand, “A society that encourages status striving produces in contrast a good deal of brushing, disappointment, and ugly
Social stratification is defined as, “a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy” (BOOK). One person does not influence social stratification, social stratification labels and “defines” that individual. In other words, social stratification subconsciously categorizes people based on several factors such as wealth, income, jobs, and statuses. People, or sociologists, who focus on the inequalities of social stratification focus on the inequalities of each strata. Different cultures have different systems of social stratification. The two main systems of stratification that are used amongst different cultures are the caste system and the class system. The difference between these two systems
Most people look down upon lower classes, failing to realize that inequality deprives those people of the equal rights to prosperity. This occurs not only in a few societies, but all around the world.