Essay On Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a chronic condition in which bone loss causes a decrease in density and possible fracture. The spine, hip, and wrist are most often the bones that fracture, although any bone can fracture. Bone is tissue that is constantly undergoing changes in a process referred to as bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is defined as where bone tissue is removed from the skeleton and new bone tissue is formed. Osteoporosis occurs when osteoclast cells are more active than osteoblast cells. This results in a decreased bone mineral density, which determines bone strength. Bone mineral density decreases rapidly in postmenopausal women as the estrogen level decreases, which helps prevent bone loss. Spongy bone is often lost first, then followed by compact bone.

A psychosocial assessment is important as well. Women often associate osteoporosis with menopause, getting older, and becoming less independent. The disease can affect the patient’s well-being and life satisfaction. Socialization may be avoided because of a change in appearance or the physical limitations. Changes in sexuality may occur as a result of poor self-esteem or the discomfort caused by positioning during intercourse. The threat of a fracture can cause anxiety and fear and result in further limitation of social or physical activities. Assess for these feelings to aid in treatment decisions and health teaching. Interventions are important and often include nutritional therapy, exercise, lifestyle changes, and drug therapy. The nutritional considerations for the treatment of a patient with osteoporosis are the same as those for preventing the disease. Teach patients about adequate amounts of protein, magnesium, vitamin K, and trace minerals that are needed for bone formation. Calcium and vitamin D intake should be increased. Excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption should be avoided. For the patient who has sustained a fracture, adequate