Do you know what lymphoma is? More than one million people in the world have the cancer, and yet only half of the population knows what it is. A type of lymphoma called Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most common types of cancer in the United States, accounting for more than 4% of all cancer cases. Of all Americans, 2.1% will be diagnosed with this cancer in their lifetime, and yet as common as it is many still do not know of or understand lymphoma.
There are two types of lymphoma, Hodgkin disease and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and even though they are different they both begin the same way. Like other cancers, lymphoma results when cells divide too quickly or do not die because of a discrepancy in their genes. The cells that are affected in this type of cancer are white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes make up around 20 to 40 percent of all white blood cells, and are divided into two categories, B or T. Both types help support the immune system by destroying infectious or foreign substances, but B lymphocytes make antibodies to fight these substances while T lymphocytes directly attack the unwanted substances. These cells work in the lymph system which is a part of the immune system. The main jobs of the lymph system are to protect the body from unwanted substances and to transport waste. The system includes many vital organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and the digestive tract. When lymphocytes become cancerous they collect in the lymph nodes therefore blocking the passage of waste and other white blood cells while also using the nodes as a system to travel and spread to other parts of body. These cancerous cells do not die and become a burden for the body because they can no longer fulfill their ...
... middle of paper ...
...in the United States is ABVD which includes the drugs Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine. Other treatments for lymphoma include radiation therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and stem cell transplants. Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to kill cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies use cloned antibodies like the immune system does to kill cancer cells. Stem cell transplants are injected to help create other healthy cells that can then be used to help kill cancer.
While lymphoma is a complex cancer of the lymph system that can have devastating effects, it can be overcome. Over 75% of those with intermediate-risk lymphoma have at least a five year survival rate. And that rate is likely to increase as detection and treatment options improve with new genetic research and lymphoma vaccine developments. Maybe one day there will even be a cure.
Treatment depends on number of factors like the health of a person and their age, treatments can be very strenuous on the body but almost no surgery is required. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy o combined making treatment for lymphoma very effective and giving it a high survival rate.
Hodgkin 's Lymphoma occurs when following a mutation in the lymphocyte DNA. The mutation occurs after birth, meaning that Hodgkin’s disease is not hereditary. The mutated DNA can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cancerous lymphocytes if untreated. The cancerous lymphocytes produce tumor masses in the lymph
...0’s cancer mortality rates have dramatically decreased from 10% to over 80% for leukemia. Overall decline in mortality for cancer was nearly 54% from 1978 to 2008 (National Cancer Institute, 2011). Decrease in mortality rates are due to improvements in cancer treatments. Recent advances in treatments are due to aggressive cancer therapies and collaboration of findings from clinical trials. More than 80 percent of patients are expected to be long term cancer survivors (National Cancer Institute, 2011).
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a form of cancer in the lymphatic system. This type of lymphoma originates in the white blood cells, and spreads throughout the lymph nodes in the body. The cause of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is unknown, and it is sometimes found by chance. This disease is typically treated with chemotherapy and radiation and, if found in the early stages, the patient has a good chance of being fully cured.
Infectious Mononucleosis, or more commonly known as “Mono” for short, is a relatively common illness among young adults. The term "mononucleosis" is a reference to the increase in your body’s mononuclear white blood cells (or lymphocytes) in your bloodstream, which is due to the EBV infection. This illness can leave you feeling extremely tired, can spike a slight fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. A persons tonsils can have a whitish coating. This is common in at least one-third of reported Mono cases. About 5% of patients develop a splotchy red rash on multiple parts of the body. This rash can have a similar appearance to a rash that is caused by Measles. Early in the course of disease, which is the first few days, a temporary swelling of both upper eyelids could also appear. Mono can also cause an inflammation of the liver and an enlargement of the spleen has been found in about 50% of patients. These symptoms can last for a range of four to eight weeks after the diagnosis. Rigorous activity and contact sports should also be avoided while having Mono and during the recovery phase after the illness is gone to prevent issues with a person’s liver and spleen. Mono is also well-known as the “kissing disease” because the virus can be spread through saliva. Patients can continue to have virus particles present in their saliva for as long as 18 months after the initial infection. Other ways to spread Mono include, but are not limited to, coughing, sneezing, and sometimes can even be spread through an infected persons’ tears. If you have mono, you can avoid giving the virus to others by not kissing anyone and by not sharing drinks, eating utensils, or toothbrushes.
Lymphedema is an abnormal collection of lymphatic fluid and swelling caused by several removal, obstruction, and damage to the lymph nodes which is part of the cancer. The Majority of the swelling happen in the arm or legs may occur in any other body parts. Lymphedema disease can be developed when a lymph vessel is damaged or clogged. Usually the lymph liquid is carried out the body system by a lymph vessel. Although the protein rich fluid is collects in certain areas, they can seduce more liquid and increase swelling. Sometimes the lymphedema commonly confused with lip edema, abnormal fat cells, which can expand onto secondary lymphedema.
Infectious mononucleosis, commonly referred to as “mono”, is a disease that results from the Epstein-Barr virus or EBV. It is also known as glandular fever because it attacks the lymph glands in your throat. Many people have been exposed to mono at some point in their lives, but have built up resistance to the disease. People are diagnosed with mono through a type of blood test called a monospot test, and prescribed proper recovery methods. Mono affects people all around the world, but due to antibodies in humans’ immune system, is not a common disease.
“The word 'leukemia' is a very frightening word. In many instances, it's a killer and it's something that you have to deal with in a very serious and determined way if you're going to beat it” - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Many people, including tons of children, fight leukemia every day trying to beat this vicious cancer. Without knowing how leukemia is exactly caused, it puts a damper on how to avoid it.
Our immune system protects our bodies from pathogens like bacteria and viruses very efficiently in most cases. One big question that has come up is why does the immune system not respond to cancerous cells in the same way? Why are cancer cells not eradicated like other dangerous foreign cells? This seems very strange, especially since the immune system has cells that are specific to destroying cancer cells and virus-infected cells, called natural killer cells. To begin to answer this question it is useful to examine cancer cells and their interactions with the immune system in more detail.
When a cell in our body has become infected or has become cancerous it’s surface changes. This is how the immune system can tell good cells from bad ones (the markings on the surface.) Once a bad cell has been recognized our bodies sends cells to destroy the damaged cell and prevent the spread of whatever caused the damage in the first place. The next step our body takes is to have the affected cells start to produce interferons and other helpful substances. These help to fight off unwanted organisms, and also to warn other cells of the invaders and prepare them to resist them therefore preventing the spread of disease.
Credibility: Like many of you, I know plenty of people who have come face to face with this battle. In fact, one of my grandfathers have died from it and I have a grandmother and a grandfather currently fighting cancer.
...l risk factors that are fully linked developing multiple myeloma. Therefore, preventative measures remain unknown.
The lymphatic system is a link of tissues and organs that help clear the poisonous toxins, waste and further unwanted elements that are inside the human body. The key function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph which is a watery fluid substance holding infection that are fighting white blood cells, all over the human body.
There are different types of disease in the world . Most of them can be cured others you won't even know you have it until they kill you . Cancer , cancer is one of those diseases that you won't know about until you actually get checked because you have one of the symptoms of this disease .
Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Differences? and similarity on MedicineNet.com. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.cdl.gov http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=79261 Turley, Susan M. (2014). The 'Path of Medical language (third ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Education & Training, Inc. Zimmerman, K. A. & Co.,