In today’s shifting economic arena, migration has developed many facets. Migration coupled with prostitution and human trafficking is one of the effects of today’s increasingly globalized economy and world leaders brought human trafficking to global attention in the1990s. In Europe after the collapse of communism, an increase in organized crime and THB (the trafficking of human beings) emerged in Eastern European countries and the wealth disparity among European nations became apparent. East and west were like parallel universes divided symbolically by the Berlin Wall and the economic divergence is something these criminal networks took advantage of. People living in rural communities, who live marginalized and in vulnerable positions feel the need to migrate to western countries and find a job with a better standard of living. Criminal networks have flourished in Albania due to its tumultuous past. The requirements Albania has to meet in order to join the EU have helped the country in combating THB, but it is still a long road ahead. The process of EU enlargement has developed through the different rounds of enlargement. Applicant member states are required to adopt a total version of the acquis communautaire, as opposed to older member states who had more time to adapt and could opt-out in some cases. Political steadiness has become an increasingly important factor to consider in recent enlargement rounds. Starting in 1994, after the demise of communism, former soviet nations sought to link their economic futures with the EU. Communism had isolated them from the world and they decided to jump into the EU bandwagon, especially for its presence in the international market in today’s globalized economy. Inside Europe, the wealth d... ... middle of paper ... ...sually a country of destination, and victim identification is critical in police-border activities as well. Albania is well on its way to possible EU membership. There are signs of promise, but considerable structural standards still have to be met for Albania to join the EU. Future EU membership has helped Albania in its initiatives in combatting human trafficking. Albania is a Balkan nation with a tumultuous economic and political past. Albania is already considered a potential candidate state, and its well on its path towards European integration. Albania has established institutions that seek to educate people in the dangers of THB and on improving cooperation with regional law enforcement officials. Corruption hampers the Albanian effort to effectively combat THB however, but because it lacks the administrative capacity to do so it is still a long road ahead.
Human trafficking has been entwined into the structure of governments, arms trade, drug trade, and even spreads as far as terrorism. For many years it has been a fact that the money that has been made by selling other humans to the highest bidder. It is also known that the organized crime operations generate one of the most profitable resources to the organization. These organizations use this money for theirs or other’s crime and end up in the hands of drug lords. Drug lords, in order to promote their own business give money to support terrorist groups and activities. Security after September 11, 2001 has recognized human trafficking as a national and international security risk.
In comparison, many other countries have geared towards adopting policies that deal with human sex trafficking. The European Union’s tactic to trafficking begins from a gender and human rights perspective and focuses on prevention, prosecution of criminals and protection of victims. These ideals can be reflected in Directive on trafficking in human beings adopted on March 21, 2011. Much like U.S foreign policies dealing with human trafficking, the Directive focus is committing to the prevention of and fights against trafficking in human beings, and to the protection of the rights of trafficked persons. Within the Asian continent twenty-three out of the twenty-seven countries opt to adopt specific legislative provisions to fight human trafficking
Many organizations and programs are working to stop human trafficking and its insubordinate criminals. Organizations, such as the United Nations Conven...
Thomassen, J. 2009. The Legitimacy of the European Union after Enlargement. In: Thomassen, J. Eds. The Legitimacy of the European Union after Enlargement. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 67-86.
Humanity has adapted to human trafficking in order to create beneficial rewards for themselves. Human trafficking is the trading of humans among other humans. People used this crime for sexual slavery, forced labor, and for the extraction of organs. Human trafficking crimes commonly are the effect of places needing resources. In order to receive these resources, they need workers so they force upon others to make profit for a small price.
Uvalic, M. (2002, July). Regional Cooperation and the Enlargement of the European Union: Lessons Learned? International Political Science Review, 23(3), 319-333.
According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour. They are transported across borders and sold into modern-day slavery. Over the past decade, trafficking in human beings has reached epidemic proportions. No country is immune. Clawson (2009) discusses how the search for work abroad has been fueled by economic disparity, high unemployment and disruption of traditional livelihoods. It recognizes neither boundaries nor borders. Consequently profits from trafficking feed into the casket of organized crime. Trafficking is fueled by other criminal activities such as document fraud, money laundering and migrant smuggling. Because trafficking cases are expansive in reach, they are among the most important matters. (Clawson 2009)
The European Union stands on the threshold of unparalleled change over the coming years. The next waves of enlargement will be unprecedented in nature and continental in scale. This process has gained so much political momentum that it is now irreversible.
Forrest Bounds Mrs. Karhliker World Literature 13 March 2014 Title Lies, deceit, and abductions: Human trafficking victims face either some or both of these methods to steal these men and women away from the lives they have built. Human trafficking is a plague afflicting most modern societies; men, women and children are trafficked for sexual slavery and cheap labor against their wills. Often times children are taken or lured from their homes and men blackmailed into slave labor for little or nothing. Women and children are trafficked for sexual uses, mainly prostitution.
After WWII, many politically influential people saw a need to create some form of interdependence between the nation states of Europe as a means to preventing further war (Watts, 2008: p6). In 1951 Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg all signed the Treaty of Paris creating the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC); the beginnings of an integrated Europe which has seen many changes since its creation (Thody, 1997: p1). Today it has become the highly integrated European Union with 28 member states, 18 of which share a single currency (Archick, 2014: p1). The process of EU integration is a complex one, as can be seen in its history and will surely be seen in its future. There is no simple explanation that can successfully explain the growth of the EU from a economic community of six nation states to the political and economic union it has become today. However there are two competing theories for explaining EU integration that give opposing views on the matter, neo-functionalism and intergovernmentalism. In this essay I will examine both theories and attempt to reach a conclusion if either successfully explains EU integration.
The European Union has a population that has about 160 million more people than that of the United States (www.internetworldstats.com/stats4.htm). With their willingness to work together the sky is the limit for this union of countries. There were some doubts about what would happen with the addition of 10 new member states and what could happen to them as well as the old members economically. Would these new members drag down the prosperous European economy? The answer to that is no. Economically the gains are quite clear for these new EU member countries. Last year they saw their collective GDP rise 5 percent, from the 3.7 percent the year before. Further more many economists are predicting further increases of more than 4 percent in the year of 2005. With this rapid increase of GDP it is increasing at more than twice the rate of the old 15 European Union members. Individually these countries have also been having great economic success. Latvia’s GDP is estimated to have grown around 8.5 percent. Not to mention that half of the new member countries have had more than double the increase than that of the average increase for EU countries which is about 2.4%. (europa.eu.int/enlargement/memo_en.htm).
The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has been termed as the largest single expansion of the EU with a total of 12 new member states – bringing the number of members to 27 – and more than 77 million citizens joining the Commission (Murphy 2006, Neueder 2003, Ross 2011). A majority of the new member states in this enlargement are from the eastern part of the continent and were countries that had just emerged from communist economies (EC 2009, Ross 2011), although overall, the enlargement also saw new member states from very different economic, social and political compared to that of the old member states (EC 2009, Ross 2011). This enlargement was also a historical significance in European history, for it saw the reunification of Europe since the Cold War in a world of increasing globalization (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). For that, overall, this enlargement is considered by many to have been a great success for the EU and its citizens but it is not without its problems and challenges (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). This essay will thus examine the impact of the 2004/2007 enlargements from two perspectives: firstly, the impact of the enlargements on the EU as a whole, and thereafter, how the enlargements have affected the new member states that were acceded during the 2004/2007 periods. Included in the essay will be the extent of their integration into the EU and how being a part of the Commission has contributed to their development as nation states. Following that, this essay will then evaluate the overall success of the enlargement process and whether the EU or the new member states have both benefited from the accessions or whether the enlargement has only proven advantageous to one th...
The global poverty levels are among the leading causes of the crime because it fuels a vulnerable supply of human trafficking victims. Contrariwise, the economic development that some nations enjoy creates vast wealth and huge incomes for particular individuals with adequate pay to demand the sale of people (Bureau of Justice Statistics). Additionally, the political instability civil unrest and globalization are other factors that lead to this menace. Furthermore, other factors that may be propelling the global human trafficking crimes are the weak laws and unlikelihood of the arrest of the perpetrators (Kelly and Reagan). Ideally, the police and other relevant authorities devote much of their resources on the fight against drugs and weapons, leaving human trafficking unattended. Therefore, the criminals engage in trafficking based on the notion that no strong laws will be implemented and thus, their arrest and incarceration are limited. In this regard, the falls notion propagates the traffickers’ willingness to continue indulging on their infamous
Curtis, B., & Linser, W. (2004). NATO and EU Enlargement: Challenges for the New Europe . University of Washington. Retrieved December 10, 2013, from: http://jsis.washington.edu/cwes/file/nato_and_eu_curriculum.pdf
On the news and all over the world you hear the term human trafficking. What exactly is human trafficking? “Human trafficking is essentially modern-day slave trading, which ensnares millions of people in debt bondage or forced conditions.” (Siddharth).As many know today human trafficking has become a phenomenon all over the country. Human Trafficking is a global activity where women and young girls are being traded and used as sexual exploitation. As Siddharth stated that human trafficking is slowly becoming one of the most involved criminal activities all over the world. Two causes and two effects on how strongly our human beings are encouraged to take action.