Essay On Fingerprint Recognition

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1. Fingerprint recognition: A fingerprint is made up of ridges and furrows. Uniqueness is determined by ridges, furrows, the minutiae points. Fingerprint is one of oldest and most popular recognition technique. Every individual possesses unique finger patterns, even twins has different patterns of rings and furrows. Fingerprint matching techniques are of three types: a. Minutiae-based techniques: In these minutiae points are finding and then mapped to their relative position on finger. There are some difficulties like if image is of low quality it is difficult to find minutiae points correctly also it considers local position of ridges and furrows not global [4]. b. Correlation- based method: It uses richer gray scale information. It overcome problems of above method, it can work with bad quality data. But it has some of its own problems like localization of points. c. Pattern based (image based) matching: Pattern based algorithms compare the basic fingerprint patterns (arch, whorl, and loop) between a stored template and a candidate fingerprint. Advantages: • It is the most developed method till now • Relatively inexpensive • Even twins have unique fingerprint patterns so highly secure. • Small template size so matching is also fast Problems: • Systems can be cheated by having artificial finger like finger made up of wax • Cuts, scars can produce obstacle for recognition Applications: • Verification of driver-license authenticity and license validity check • Law Enforcement Forensics • Border Control/Visa Issuance 2. Face recognition: Face recognition is based on both the shape and location of the eyes, eyebrows, nose, lips and chin. It is non intrusive method and very popular also. Facial recognition is carried out in two ways ... ... middle of paper ... ...se such as cataracts[12][13] Applications: • utilized by several government agencies including the FBI, CIA, and NASA • Used for medical diagnostic applications 6. DNA recognition: Human DNA is the genetic material that can be found in every single body cell of an individual. There are number of sources from which DNA patterns can be collected such as blood, saliva, nails, hair and others. The collected DNA samples are fragmented into shorter fragments which are organized by size and are then compared. Still this technology is not automated and need to be refined. Advantages: • It is highly unique feature • Performance is high • Its universality is very high Problems: • More informative so privacy issues • More storage required • Not automatic technique Applications: • In forensic • Used in courts and law to prove guilt or innocence • Physical and Network security

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