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Issa flashcards unit 2 relationship between the endocrine system and the nervous system
The endocrine system is the most important system in the body
Short answers of endocrine system
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There are many enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur in cells through control mechanisms, which keep humans in chemical balance. There are two systems that have a major responsibility for regulating body chemistry known as the endocrine system and nervous system. The endocrine system depends on chemical messengers that flow in the bloodstream known as hormones. Hormones travel to target cells, where they connect with receptors that initiate chemical changes within cells. The nervous system depends on neurotransmitters that are electrical impulses in nerve cells activated by its own chemical messengers. The nervous system counts on a much faster means of circulation. This cycle is what allows drugs to work so well, because they mimic the crucial role of hormones and neurotransmitters in the function of the human body. There are three major glands in the endocrine system, which are the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, the ovary and testes, and the pituitary gland. A section of the brain above the pituitary gland called the hypothalamus controls the endocrine system and communicates with...
My case study was based on a women name Margie. Margie is a 50 year-old women that frequently exercises and maintains a healthy eating habit. Even though Margie is a fit 50 year-old her cholesterol was well above average 222. Her trainer then recommended her to sign up for extra kickboxing class and maintain a vegetarian low fat diet, therefore her cholesterol would decease. About a month later she tested her cholesterol again and after the extra exercise, low fat diet her cholesterol was higher than the previous time at 230. Therefore, Margie attended the doctor where she was diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
The location of the pituitary gland is in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and attaches to the hypothalamus(Marieb & Hoehn 441). The Hypothalamus is included in the function of the pituitary gland as it sends chemical stimulus to it(Marieb & Hoehn 442).Part of the pituitary is called the “ master endocrine gland” due to the fact that is produces many hormones that affect the whole body(Shannon 175).This part of the pituitary gland is called the anterior pituitary(Marieb & Hoehn 601). There are six hormones that the anterior pituitary secretes normally. These Hormones are growth hormones,thyroid stimulating hormones,adrenocorticotropic hormones,luteinizing hormones,follicle stimulating hormones and prolactin hormones( Shannon 175).The Hormone prolactin is one that in normal function stimulates the act of lactation for new mothers to feed their baby(Shannon 175).
When something changes in the inner environment it sends information to the receptor. The receptor sends information to the control center and then the control center sends instructions to the effector once the information is received from the control center it proceeds to either oppose or increase the stimulus. This process is designed to repeatedly work at restoring or maintaining homeostasis.
The hormones produced from the endocrine system come from a wide range of different places. Among those responsible for hormone production are the glands and a few organs as well. The glands that are involved are the pituitary, thyroid, thymus, parathyroid, and adrenal. The organs, which also play a vital part, are the pancreas, gonads, kidneys, heart, and parts of the digestive tract. All these different glands or organs work together in the production of certain hormones. Those produced in one location will almost always have an effect on many other areas of the body, not just the surrounding tissues.
The balance of the thyroid hormone is complicated and involves the participation of different parts of the body (Kaplustin, 2010).
The thyroid is one of the most essential glands in the body. It is located in the endocrine system, and sits right in the neck just above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland functions to produce hormones that control how every cell in the body utilizes energy, also known as a process called metabolism. When a person's thyroid abnormally produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones, this is a condition referred to as hyperthyroidism. The causes of hyperthyroidism are known to include: eating too much food with iodine, graves disease, inflammation due to viral infections, tumors of the testes and ovaries, taking a large amount of thyroid hormone, receiving medical imaging tests consisting of contrast dye iodine, and growth of thyroid or pituitary gland (Board "Hyperthyroidism"). With an overactive thyroid, the body tends to speed up its functions. Symptoms vary from, fast heartbeats, rapid weight loss, abnormal sweating, nervousness, and mood changes. Hyperthyroidism is normally diagnosed through a series of lab tests. If not properly taken care of, condition may worsen leading to bone and heart problems in the long run. As far as treatment is concerned, options may vary from person to person depending on age and the level of activity of the thyroid. Treatments include antithyroid medicines, radioactive iodine ablation, and the last resort, surgery. Though all treatment plans work, radioactive iodine ablation is a permanent and more reliable remedy for an overactive thyroid. Radioactive iodine ablation is in fact the most commonly used cure for people with hyperthyroidism problems in the US today. “The treatment has been around since 1942 and has been extensively used since the 1950's” ("Radioactive Iodine Treatment o...
The thyroid gland plays a major role in the endocrine, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and metabolism system. The gland can be found in the front of the neck and above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland controls the body by releasing T4 and T3 hormones. Controlling metabolism plays an important role when regulating mood, weight,
The brain uses neurotransmitters to regulate the functions of the body. The hormones created in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are sent out into the body to regulate its functions. Neurotransmitters connect the entire nervous system
Together, the systems keep the body informed about the outside world through the sense organs and manage our reactions regarding the external stimuli. The three systems also regulate internal activities such as breathing, beating of the heart, and absorption of water in blood by the kidneys. Through the hippocampus, the part of the brain that links the nervous system and endocrine system, input from the sensory system is converted into actions. In other words, the systems make our bodies work together in proper coordination, as one single integrated
Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or polyatomic ions that have unpaired valence electrons. These unpaired electrons can bind to organic compounds, changing the structure of the substance (Halliwell, B.). In most cases, oxygen-free radicals (OFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of metabolism. OFRs originate from the metabolic process in mitochondria when oxygen molecules accept an extra electron (Raha, S. et al). While oxygen is necessary for respiration, OFRs can bind to cellular components like DNA bases or the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, which plays a key-role in the aging process and is also linked to the development of certain cancers (Valko, M. et al). The ability of OFRs and ROSs to bind to DNA causes breaks in the structure of DNA and is the reason why these
Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an unpaired number of electrons. Free radicals can be formed when oxygens interact with certain molecules. Once they are formed, free radical can start to make things go wrong. A main concern is the damage they can do when they react with DNA. Cells may function poorly or die if a free radical comes in contact with is. To prevent the damage a free radical can cause, the body uses antioxidants as a defense mechanism Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability to prevent or repair the damage caused by the process of oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which molecules of a substance are broken down into atoms, where the atoms involved lose electrons. With losing electrons, free radicals
This Paper will focus on the importance of the hypothalamus in endocrinology. The approach that will be taken is first examining the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system. We will then look at how the hypothalamus is able to carry out this role, which means focusing on the hormones it release. The following hormones will be observed: Thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, Growth hormone-releasing hormone, Corticotrophin-releasing hormone, and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Knowing the overall role each of these hormones will make more sense of the functions of the hypothalamus.
The human body goes through many different reactions and processes that are necessary for humans to live. Chemical reactions by the human body are never seen with the human eye, but it is so vital that these processes are understood. Without this understanding, diseases and disorders can never be resolved or controlled. These processes may be small in size, but have a great deal of impact on the function of the human body.
There is the nervous, endocrine, skeletal, muscular, digestive, excretory, circulatory, immune, and respiratory system. The nervous system controls and coordinates the activities of the body systems, the endocrine system helps regulate growth, the skeletal system provides a framework to support and protect the body, the muscular system works with the skeletal system to cause movement, the digestive system breaks down and digests food, the excretory system filters liquid waste products from the blood and eliminates them from the body, the circulatory system transports and distributes gases, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body, and the respiratory system exchanges oxygen from the environment and carbon dioxide from the
...culatory system. Pituitary gland is a growth hormone that helps in mertabolism and develops reproductive organs. The thyroid controls metabolsim on the rate that the body breaks down food. Adrenal gland secretes many hormones including adrenaline which prepares the body to react in a stressful situation. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. Ovaries produce ova and estrogen. Testes produce sperm cells and testosterone. To stay healthy you should get a regular medical check-up, eat a well-balanced diet, sleep at least 8 hours, and decrease stress in your life. Some problems are growth disorders, diabetes, and obesity. Puberty begins at different times for girls then boys. Girls start around ages 9-13 and boys are ages 10-15.