E Coli
What is E Coli?
E Coli is a pathogenic bacteria that can be in the intestine of warm blooded animals and humans. It can help break down food in the gut, and allows vitamin K to be absorbed. Its full name is Escherichia Coli, and although many strains are harmless, some can cause food poisoning in humans by making harmful chemicals.
E Coli Structure
E Coli is a Gram negative rod shaped bacteria that has a cell membrane and cell wall protecting its DNA. On the outside of each E Coli cell, there are small tails called flagella. E Coli respires anaerobically, which means that it doesn't need oxygen to respire (breathe). It feeds on undigested nutrients in the guts of mammals, including humans and ruminants such as cows, sheep, and goats.
How E Coli moves
E Coli use small “tails” called flagella to travel, and they spin in an anti clockwise direction that causes them to move randomly. They move more when they are around food, and they both tumble and swim through the body. They excrete toxic enzymes that help break down food molecules from the cell wall so they can get into ...
Gut bacteria keep humans healthy by stimulating the digestive process within the large intestines. In order for nutrients to be successfully absorbed in the colon, non-digestible carbohydrates are degraded by beneficial gut microbial. One example of an anaerobically respiring bacterium which dominates the large intestine is bacteroide thetaiotaomicron. This bacteri...
Being a gram-negative bacterium, L. pneumophila has lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that act as endotoxin within a human host. The presence of a flagella is thought to mediate adherence to human lung cells, thereby causing infection, since flagella-less strains do not cause disease. Once attached to human cells, the organism is engulfed by a macrophage where is utilizes the internal environment to multiply.
The simplest explanation of the Salmonella infection is that a sufficient amount of salmonellae reach the small intestine and invade the lumen (the space within the intestine) where they mul...
To understand the human gut health and aetiology, the first step is to understand the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora and its distribution through the digestive system [2]. The human GI tract is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms, which together is known as the microbiota [5]. These microorganisms come from both archeal and bacterial domains. Bacteria are the predominant kingdom of organisms and it is composed mainly by five bacterial phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia [3]. The great majority of mammalian gut microbiota belongs to the three phyla: the Gram-negative anaerobe Bacteroidetes, the Gram-positive Actinobacteria and Firmicutes [5].
The study investigates the custom of coquetry, accolades, compliments, commendation, tributes and praise comments in South Asian street communication. Coquetry can be explained and demarcated as advances made by male strangers toward women in the public domain, and they typically include: strengthening, gazing, staring, ogling, and unsolicited sexual and romantic comments. Coquetry is much more than just a bit of fun: it is a universal and essential aspect of human interaction. Anthropological research shows that coquetry is to be found, in some form, in all cultures and societies around the world.
Empiricism by nature is the belief that there is no knowledge without experience. How can one know what something tastes like if they have never tasted it? For example, would someone know that an apple is red if they have never actually have seen one? Someone can tell you an apple is red, but, if you have never seen one, can you really be sure? One must first understand what empiricism is before one can assess its validity. Empiricism can be defined as the view that experience, especially of the senses, is the only source of knowledge (Free Dictionary). The existence of empiricism will be understood through an examination of the attack on innate ideas and the origin of ideas, filling the 'Tabula Rasa'; the objection
E. Coli 0157, written by Mary Heersink, is a nerve-racking, adrenaline-filled story of a mother's experience with a then unknown deadly bacteria. The book brings up many reactions in its readers, especially the questioning of the practice of doctors in hospitals. The reader's knowledge base of scientific procedures in emergency centers was widened as well as the knowledge of how to the human body reacts to different agents in its system.
Today in approximately 95 million middle-class American homes the idea that you can pick up the phone on a Friday afternoon and invite a friend over for dinner is foreign. It is a completely alien concept that a family could make plans to share quality time with friends and extended family without a two to four week advanced notice. However, in the 200 million working class and poverty level homes the idea of not being able to make those last minute plans is the foreign thought. Parenting styles in these American homes is what Annette Lareau addresses in “Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life”. Based on my experience and other evidence, Lareau’s argument that middle and upper class parents use concerted cultivation and working class parents use natural growth is accurate because our personal calendars of events do not lie.
Discuss the differences between the etic and the emic approaches to psychiatric measurement and diagnoses. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each?
Salmonellosis is an illness caused by the zoonotic bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella enteritidis. Salmonella is of the Enterobacteriaceae gram-negative family (CDC). Salmonellosis is commonly thought of as an intense stomach bug, or food poisoning. This illness is most commonly foodborne, and occurs upon the digestion of animal feces that has contaminated the source (Minnesota Department of Health). When food is not properly cooked to remove all bacteria, or if food is contaminated after preparation, this is when the person is most likely to become infected. Due to the portal of entry being through ingestion of the bacteria, it takes form primarily in the stomach. It has a special outer membrane made up of lipopolysaccharides that allows it to coexist with the acidic digestive environment (Microbewiki). It is also possible to be infected by an animal host. Coming in contact with a contaminated organism would be what makes this bacteria zoonotic.
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
The digestive system is a compellation of organs that process foods consumed by humans. Our digestive system is made up of the stomach and intestines. These organs work simultaneously to break down food into smaller molecules so the body can extract nutrients and then turn it into waste. Since our digestive system constantly comes in contact with various foods, it also becomes an active site for growth of bacteria. Our digestive system contains astounding amounts of bacteria, which are both beneficial and dangerous. Beneficial bacteria help regulate acidity in our stomach while other infectious bacterial organisms such as E.coli disrupt the digestive system. For instance, if a cow contains E.coli bacteria and meat from that cow is consumed it begins to form bacterial digestive infections. When this occurs the intestinal normal flora is no longer functioning properly and causes irregularities in the body.
Salmonella is also a bacterium that is widespread in the intestines of birds, reptiles, and mammals. It can spread to the human species a variety of different ways; through foods or animal origins. Some examples of food involved in outbreaks are eggs, poultry and other meats, raw milk and chocolate. The illnesses it causes are typically fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. In people with poor underlying health or weakened immune...
There are a range of bacteria microbes such as E. coli. In the intestines of the human body, there is the E. coli bacteria
Enculturation is the procedure through which individuals learn the needs of the nearby culture and obtains values and behaviors that are either necessary or suitable in that particular culture. According to sociologist, Talcott Parsons, new generations of children are repeated barbarian incursion since human infants do not have culture at birth (Grunland & Mayers, 2014). At birth, children do not have conception of the world, have no morality, and have no language, which implies that they are unsocialized and uncultured. Consequently, the process of enculturation of a child has attracted various arguments and counterarguments. Some people say that once a person has experienced the enculturation process as a child,