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The process of meiosis 1 essay
Dialectic method
The process of meiosis 1 essay
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Meiosis is the process sex cells undergo for division. Unlike mitosis where cells reproduce from a diploid number of chromosomes to a diploid number of chromosomes, meiosis produces diploid cells from haploid cells. Diploid and haploid are names for the number of chromosomes a cell has, soma cells or body cells that reproduce through mitosis are diploid, meaning they have 46 chromosomes (in humans), haploid cell have half as many chromosomes as diploid cells; 23 in humans. Sex cells or gametes are haploid, to undergo sexual reproduction. Meiosis is a process similar to mitosis in some ways, however the phases of meiosis cycle twice. The first cycle of meiosis consists of; prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. In prophase I, the Cri-du-chat syndrome was named because of the distinct cry effected babies have. Cri-du-chat syndrome was discovered by the same scientist that discovered Down syndrome, Jerome Lejeune in 1963. Of genetic disorders caused by chromosomal deletion, cri-du-chat syndrome is the most common. This disorder is cause by a region of chromosome five being broke, or deleted, which causes all of the genes located on that region of the chromosome to be deleted. The actual error of this disorder probably occurs in the synthesis period of interphase because this is when DNA replicates itself, where the error for the deletion would occur. The deletion can occur at any step in meiosis, once chromosomes are visible in prophase. The phenotypic characteristics of individuals effected by this disorder are numerous. Most individuals affected will have smaller than average heads, and unusual facial features like, widely set eyes, small chins, and round faces. Individuals can also have incorrectly developed “voice boxes”, which causes the cat cry the disorder is named after, they can also have any number of muscle, heart, and or skeletal
The fungus Sordaria fimicola is commonly used to study the different processes of cell cycles such as the assortment of genes and the crossing over during meiosis. Considering the importance of genetics in the world today, this experiment is crucially valuable in helping the students gain knowledge in the different processes of cell cycle and learning how to attempt similar experiments on their own in the future. Sordaria fimicola requires “both mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions to manufacture eight haploid ascospores” (Helm, 1998). This fungus “spend most of its life in haploid condition” (Glase, 1995). When the haploid nuclei fuse together in the cells, they beco...
Each cell contains the same genetic code as the parent cell, it is able to do this because it has copied it’s own chromosomes prior to cell death. division. The. Meiosis consists of two divisions whilst mitosis is followed. in one division; both these processes involve the stages of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Cri-du-chat is a rare genetic disorder discovered by Jerome Lejeune in 1963. It is caused by the deletion of genetic material on chromosome five, an autosomal chromosome. The deletion occur on the "p" arm of the chromosome. Scientists do not know the reason why this chromosome deletion occurs.
. Other mistakes that can occur during meiosis include translocation, within which a part of one chromosome becomes connected to another, and deletion, in which part of one chromosome is lost entirely. The severity of the results of those disorders depends entirely on the dimensions of the chromosome fragment concerned and, therefore, the genetic data contained in it. Modern technology will find these genetic abnormalities early within the development of the foetus, however at the moment, very little will be done to correct or perhaps treat the diseases ensuing from
Rett syndrome is a neurological disorder that mainly affects females. According to “The Molecular Pathology of Rett syndrome: Synopsis and Update”, it states that the disorder starts to be recognizable when the child is between six to eighteen months of age. The affected child will loose their ability to speak and hand movements. Through research, MECP2 is in the X chromosome gene (2006). An estimate of females that suffer from Rett syndrome is 1 in 1,000 and in the United States, it is approximately 16,000 young and adult females that are affected (Rett Syndrome, 2008). In my paper, I will give a brief history of how Rett syndrome was first noticed, discuss the dysfunction in the brain, the development and behavior, and possible treatments.
Most cases of Down syndrome are not inherited. When the condition is caused by trisomy 21, the chromosomal abnormality occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells in a parent. The abnormality usually occurs in egg cells, but it occasionally occurs in sperm cells. An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may gain an extra copy of chromosome 21. If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra chromosome 21 in each of the body's cells.
In 1866 British doctor John Langdon Down defined and described the characteristic symptoms of Down Syndrome but was unsure of the cause. It wasn't until 1959 that Dr. Lejeunne and his team in Paris showed that people with Down Syndrome have an additional chromosome. We normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, each made up of genes. The cells of people with Down Syndrome include three chromosome #21 instead of two. The extra 21st chromosome causes an extra dose of proteins. These proteins cause the typical features of Down Syndrome. While the fetus with Down Syndrome is developing, its body cells do not reproduce as fast as usual. That is the main reason why these babies are smaller than average after birth and their brain not as big as those of other newborn children.
Meiosis is a kind of cell division that is the key for sexual reproduction to operate contrary to mitosis, a form of asexual reproduction that serves the purpose of growth, repair, and regeneration of cells. Due to the fact that meiosis produces four non-identical haploid daughter cells, it is of vital importance so to allow variation in a population that provides the foundation for evolution, as it permits a species to adapt to changes in their environment. As I briefly mentioned before, meiosis is separated into two stages – meiosis I and II. These stages are further chara...
Cells that contain two sets on chromosomes are called diploid. This is represented as 2n, n=number of chromosomes in one set of chromosomes. Cells that contain one set of chromosomes is called haploid. This is represented as n.
The differences between the phases of mitosis and meiosis are that in mitosis, it has 1 cell division, duplicates the DNA, occurs in somatic cells, and no crossing over happens. In meiosis, it has 2 cell divisions, reduces the DNA, occurs in gametes or sperm and egg cells, while crossing over happens. They are both similar in which they both create daughter cells, headed by at least one round of DNA replication, and have similar stages for cell division.
A male makes one thousand new sperm per second, that is two trillion over a lifetime and they all are one of a kind, very unique. A woman has all her eggs from birth. The process starts out as meiosis, this is where 30,000 genes are then there are forty six chromosomes. Twenty three comes from your mother and twenty three come from your father, they only come together in meiosis in pairs, but they are not the same. Chromosomes make an exact copy of themselves then they condense making an X shape, chromosomes get a partner then embrace. The chromosomes cling close together in big chunks, the cell then divides pulling the pair apart with twenty three chromosomes. The cell alone is incomplete, but holds many promises. Every cell holds di...
Meiosis is a specialized form of nuclear division in which there two successive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and II) without any chromosome replication between them. Each division can be divided into 4 phases similar to those of mitosis (pro-, meta-, ana- and telophase). Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes in animals.
Once the sperm fuses with the ovum both chromosomes will pair up and begin the first stages of cell division.
Spermatogenesis is the formation of the male sex cell, sperm. This process begins with the differentiation of germ cells to form stem cells. A first mitotic division creates spermatogonia (diploid) and a second creates spermatocytes (diploid). Each spermatocyte then goes through meiosis to firm four haploid spermatids. In the seminiferous tubules the cells move towards the centre of the tubules as they undergo shape changes. The cells go through a spermatocyte and a spermatid stage and move into the lumen then the epididymis where they finally become mobile (textbook).
...omosomes or genetic/chromosomal disorders. The most common type of genetic or chromosomal disorder is Down Syndrome or trisomy 21 (Cherry, n.d.). The condition occurs when a child has three chromosomes at the site of the twenty-first chromosome rather than the normal two. Some of the most common signs of Down Syndrome include round face, thick tongue, slanted eyes, hearing problems, heart defects, and intellectual impairment.