Clinical Laboratory Instrument Home Assignment
Student Names:
1. : Muram izzat k-217770903
2. Aisha Mohamed k-215810920
3. Rozhina Khonji k-217010901
4. Shuhd Alraba k-7176609018
Lecturer Name: Dr. Faruk Sarkinfada
Task 1:
A-What are the major functions of a clinical laboratory in a health care setting?
There are many section in the clinical laboratory in general the clinical laboratory is responsible for analyzing patient specimens in order to provide information to aid in the diagnosis of disease and evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, the hospital department that performs these function may also be also be called the department of clinical pathology or the department of laboratory medical , analyze patient specimens (e.g. blood , body fluids , bone marrow , urine ,
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Task 2:
What is clinical sample?
A- Clinical samples are generally defined as non-infectious human or animal materials including, but not limited to, excreta, tissue and tissue fluids, blood and FDA-approved pharmaceuticals that are blood products.
A sample of a material to be testes or analyzed that is prepared from a gross sample and retains the latter’s composition.
B-State 5 types of clinical samples and types of laboratory tests conducted of these samples.
1. B- Blood: a complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry tests, blood enzyme test, blood tests to assess heart disease risk.
2. Urine : addis count , biological terrain assessment , leukocyte esterase , rosenbach’s test , urine cytology , urinary calcium , urine organic acids
3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) : blood culture , gram stain , arbo virus testing , fungal test , EBV antibodies , AFB testing
4. Tissue : explant culture test , cell culture test
5. Semen : anti sperm antibody test ,semen culture , serum chromatin integrity test (SCIT) ,retrograde semen analysis , hamster egg penetration test
Task
...cap of the sperm pink and the nucleus red, and a picroindigocarmine dye, which turns the mid piece of the sperm blue and the tail of the sperm green. The stained samples would then be placed under a microscope and hopefully spermatozoa would be present so that DNA testing could be performed.
a) Urinalysis with significantly increased amounts of blood (via dipstick and sediment), protein, and leukocytes as well as slightly increased bilirubin and slightly decreased pH;
The first test showed a decrease in blood pH and a major increase in the partial pressure of oxygen. The patient was placed on a ventilator during surgery on the date of admission, which could be the reason as to why his partial pressure of oxygen was increased. The patient’s blood pH was low in the first test. While it was barely in the normal range, the patient’s bicarb was close to being low as well. The patient was injured which resulted in fluid shifts that could have affected the amount of bicarbonate in the patient’s blood, resulting in a decrease in the blood’s pH. This means the patient was at risk for metabolic acidosis. The next day the patient’s blood pH had increased to a normal level and the bicarbonate level had also increased. The patent’s partial pressure of oxygen had also decreased, due to a decrease in the fraction of inspired oxygen, possibly from changes to the setting of the
A complete blood count is a common blood test that’s done for a variety of reasons. Some of those reasons include to review your overall health, to diagnose a medical condition, to monitor a medical condition, and to monitor medical treatment. If the complete blood count test reveals an abnormal increase
Chernecky, C. C., and B. J. Berger. Laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures. 5. St. Louis MO: W B Saunders Co, 2008. eBook.
There are many different reasons to get lab work done before a medication is given. For example, it is important to do a WBC when suspecting a bacterial infection in order to know which medication will be effective (Touhy, 2012). Also, when giving blood thinners such as heparin, it is important to know the prothombin time which determines whether or not to give the medication (Touhy, 2012). In patients with dia...
For example, if a blood sample was taken at the doctors, sent to the hospital and then the results were given to the doctor’s surgery; this involves sample throughput and management as everything is control and good working practises are promoted. This information will usually be accessible to all members of staff, yet it could be updated regularly when procedures change, so putting it on the PC would be practical. It could be stored within a laboratory office or even within a safe folder in a filing cabinet. It will be accessed rarely as it will only need when required, this information should be kept as staff should be allowed to follow regulatory procedures so that processes are safe and are completed
Pre-clinical testing is performed to Good laboratory practice (GLP) and covers pivotal toxicology & safety pharmacology studies. In preclinical research, scientists test their ideas for new biomedical prevention strategies in laboratory experiments or in animals.
VI. Some individuals requiring blood are surgical patients; burn victims; accident victims; anemics'; hemophiliacs; seriously ill babies; and persons suffering from leukemia, cancer, kidney disease and liver disease.
List of the tests to be conducted, material to be tested, the location of sampling, the organization’s name that will perform the test, and the frequency of testing.
Westgard, J. O. (2013). Perspectives on Quality Control, Risk Management, and Analytical Quality Management. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 33(1), 1-14.
...ed that the liver was able to detoxify sulfate properly. The last inorganic constituent tested was calcium, which was done by adding equal amounts of urine and Sulkowitch’s reagent. A large amount of white precipitate was form due to the dietary consumption of the subject which can be that milk was consumed daily. Finally, the last tested was the abnormal constituents of urine. When testing for glucose the results were negative because the reagent was not reduced meaning that it did not turned greenish or red-brown color. The presence of glucose indicates diabetes mellitus which is a metabolic disorder that is caused by the usage of defective carbohydrate. Then when testing for albumin and globulin the results showed that a large amount of protein was present, which means that the subject had an abnormal leakiness or severe damage of the glomerular membrane or both.
A blood smear is a diagnostic test used to look for unusualness within the blood. The blood film gifts the opportunity to view the components of blood under a microscope for unusual shapes or sizes. There are three main cells within the blood that the test can focus such as red blood cell, white blood cells, and platelets.
Blood transfusions have become a common part of medical care with nearly 5 million Americans a year receiving a transfusion. Blood transfusions are used in the treatment of many different conditions, from replacing blood lost in surgeries or injuries to fighting diseases like liver disease, anemia, and bleeding disorders like hemophilia (Nglbi.nih.gov, 2014). Blood collection and transfusion are overseen by many different agencies including the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Through these agencies work in donor screening and surveillance, blood transfusions usually cause no adverse reactions in the recipient and are considered a safe medical procedure. Despite this, blood safety remains an important public health matter both due to the seriousness of some adverse reactions when they do occur and the need for preparedness in reacting to future blood safety issues that can suddenly arise when new bloodborne diseases emerge. It is for these reasons that Healthy People 2020 has made reducing the proportion of averse reactions from the medical use of blood and blood products one of their objectives.
Blood grouping is a test to determine blood group of a person. Before blood transfusion or if you plan to donate blood, the test is important. Blood A cannot mix with blood B or blood AB so blood group is important to be known.A dangerous immune response will occur if receive blood that is not compatible with own blood type. The human immune system will destroy the incompatible blood type.