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The Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rates
The Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rates
The Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rates
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Rate of Reactions Gemma Cockle 9F The Title of the Report: YOUR NAME: Gemma Cockle YOUR PARTNERS NAMES: Grace O’Sullivan and Georgia Rasch YOUR TEACHER’S NAME: Mr Walters CLASS: 9F DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 09/05/14 DUE DATE: 20/05/14 Aim: To investigate what factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction. Research and Variables: Background information: The rate of reaction is the speed of a chemical reaction. If the molecules combine at a slower speed this means the reaction has a slow rate. Therefore a reaction with a high rate has molecules that combine fast. Reaction times differ; they can be hundreds of years or even less than a second. The speed of the reaction is determined by the specific molecules that are being combined. The speed of the reaction is determined by the specific molecules that are being combined. The collision theory states, that when more collisions occur there will be an increase in combinations of molecules rebounding off each other. If there is more molecules, than there is a higher chance that the molecules will complete the reaction. When all of this takes place it speeds up the rate of a reaction. An example of this is maple syrup the molecules move slowly compared with soft drink where they move fast. Reactions are happening all the time no matter what. This is because chemicals are always breaking down or combining. Reactions happen continuously, but not always at the same rate. Kinetic energy is related to the motion of an object which connects with rates of reactions. The faster an object moves the more kinetic energy it has. When something accelerates it gains kinetic energy. This is like when a gas’s temperature is increased it has more kinetic energy. Exothermic is a chemical re... ... middle of paper ... ...ictures and observations and then we would all clean up and move onto the next rotation. As a group we worked extremely well doing our tasks and getting the job done professionally. Conclusion: Overall my aim from the experiment conducted was achieved as; the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction were discovered. My hypotheses were proven as; a catalyst increases the speed of a reaction, larger surface area have a faster reaction rate, additional stirs make the reaction occur faster, the higher concentration levels quicken the rate of a reaction and temperature speeds up the reaction time. The investigation was a fair test as all variables were controlled as my results support this. Although the practical activity could be improved if it was to be repeated. Altogether it was a fantastic learning experience that I am grateful for participating in.
If the solution is stirred more there are more collisions between the particles. therefore the reaction is speeded up). Temperature of Water - °C. As the temperature increases so does the rate of the reaction. By increasing the temperature, particles move.
The purpose of the experiment is to study the rate of reaction through varying of concentrations of a catalyst or temperatures with a constant pH, and through the data obtained the rate law, constants, and activation energies can be experimentally determined. The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentration such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reac...
Kinetic Energy = the energy an object has because of its movement. An object has more kinetic energy the greater its mass and speed. Prediction = ==
Chemical kinetics is the study of rates of chemical processes with respect to reaction rates, result of differing variables, re-arrangement of atoms, formation and intermediates etc (Theodore L. Brown,2010)(Chung Chieh,2016). The study of chemical kinetics is one that is a major importance in chemical research. It is powerful research tool in determining the reaction mechanism of several different reactions in chemistry(The University of Sydney,2002).
Investigating Factors that Affect the Rate of Reaction There are certain factors which affect the rates of reaction in an experiment. These factors are: · Pressure · Temperature · Concentration * Surface area / particle size and * The addition of a catalyst The factors that I will be concentrating on are temperature, concentration and surface area / particle size. Pressure Pressure influences the rate of reaction only when the reactants are in their gas phase. Pressure does not affect them much when they are either solids or liquids.
Reactions take energy to get them started. This energy is called the activation energy. Enzymes catalyse reactions inside organisms. A catalyst is a molecule that acts as a matchmaker, bringing together the chemicals of the reaction, and getting them together.
As the temperature increases, the movements of molecules also increase. This is the kinetic theory. When the temperature is increased the particles gain more energy and therefore move around faster. This gives the particles more of a chance with other particles and with more force.
While measuring the effect of the use of a catalyst and temperature on the reaction rate, several factors must be kept constant. During the reaction with a catalyst, the temperature will be kept constant (at room temperature), concentration, pressure and since the reaction involves liquids, the surface area will be kept constant at all times, however they must be mixed the same.
For a reaction to occur, particles must collide. If the collision causes a chemical change it is referred to as a fruitful collision. (Hutchinson Educational Encyclopaedia, 2000) Enzymes increase the rate of exergonic reactions by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction. Exergonic reactions are those in which the free energy of the concluding state is lower than the free energy of the opening state.
The main variables that can change a rate of reaction are; 1. Temperature. 2. Concentration. 3.
Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence a rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects a
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the
Before conducting my experiment I will research into, amongst other things, the factors that affect the rate of a reaction. This is so that I may enough information to understand the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction and also gain appropriate understanding to make a suitable prediction as to what the outcome of my experiment will be.
There are five factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory of reacting particles: temperature, concentration (of solution), pressure (in gases), surface area (of solid reactants), and catalysts. I have chosen to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. This is because it is the most practical way to investigate. Dealing with temperatures is a difficult task, especially when we have to keep constant high temperatures. Secondly, the rate equation and the constant k changes when the temperature of the reaction changes.
To control the rates of chemical reactions is imperative to the continued existence of our species. Controlled chemical reactions allow us to move forward in society, constantly. We find new ways to provide light and heat our homes, cook our food, and pursue in crafts that benefit our society. There are, however, just as there are advantages, disadvantages to the efficiency of controlling the rate of reactions, which in some cases can be fatal to our scientific development and progression. The growth of humankind necessitates that we must be able to control the rate of chemical reactions.