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Influence of catalase activity
Influence of catalase activity
Influence of catalase activity
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ABSTRACT Catalase is an enzyme found in both plant and animal tissue. It catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The main aim of the investigation was to find out if temperature has a long term effect on the rate of catalase activity in plant tissue. Plant tissue was left at room temperature, boiled or frozen and then grinded to a paste. It was then centrifuged and supernatant was tested with hydrogen peroxide solution. The calculation r=1/t was used to determine the rate. The results of the three experiments suggest that low temperatures do not have a long term effect on catalase activity while high temperatures do. When frozen, the tissue gives results similar to that given when tissue is kept at room temperature. …show more content…
Catalase is an enzyme found in all aerobic cells. It is a composed of four polypeptide chains, each 500+ amino acids long. Catalase was first discovered in 1818 when Louis Jacques Thénard, who also discovered hydrogen peroxide, noticed its breakdown was caused by an unknown substance. Oscar Loew gave it the name catalase in 1900, and found it in many living organisms. In 1981, the three-dimensional structure of catalase was …show more content…
It was found in many previous studies that high temperature greatly reduces the activity of catalase in plant tissue (Eyster, H. Clyde, 1950). In this experiment, the tissue was boiled at 100°C, almost double the critical temperature which has been found to be 55°C. There was much opportunity for human error in this experiment, for example it was hard to stop the timer at exact moment that the disk floated to surface of hydrogen peroxide solution, so time taken may not show true representation of how long the disk actually took to reach surface and so results from rate calculations may be slightly inaccurate and not entirely reliable. The three repeats of each experiment was found to be inadequate as it did not give a large enough range of results, in future experiments a larger variety of tissues should be used, a wider range of temperatures, aand at least five repeats should be carried out in order to obtain wider, more interesting and reliable results on catalase activity in plant tissue. The use of tissue kept at room temperature for the entire experiment was successful as it provided a clear comparison with the tissue that had been boiled or frozen. During the investigation, the same pieces of equipment ie the centrifuge and scale were used for every measurement to ensure that there was no variation in results due to technical
The purpose of this study is to analyze the activity of the enzyme, catalase, through our understanding
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
Catecholase is an enzyme formed by catechol and oxygen used to interlock oxygen at relative settings, and it is present in plants and crustaceans (Sanyal et. al, 2014). For example, in most fruits and vegetables, the bruised or exposed area of the pant becomes brown due to the reaction of catechol becoming oxidized and oxygen becoming reduced by gaining hydrogen to form water, which then creates a chain that is is the structural backbone of dark melanoid pigments (Helms et al., 1998). However, not all fruits and plants darken at the same rate. This leads to question the enzymatic strength of catecholase and how nearby surroundings affect its activity. The catecholase enzyme has an optimal temperature of approximately 40°C (Helms et al., 1998). Anything above that level would denature the tertiary or primary structure of the protein and cause it to be inoperable. At low temperatures, enzymes have a slower catalyzing rate. Enzymes also function under optimal pH level or else they will also denature, so an average quantity of ions, not too high or low, present within a solution could determine the efficiency of an enzyme (Helms et al., 1998). Also, if more enzymes were added to the concentration, the solution would have a more active sites available for substrates and allow the reaction rate to increase if excess substrate is present (Helms et al., 1998). However, if more
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects that varying temperatures, enzyme concentration, and pH had on catalase activity.
Investigating the Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase Reaction. Planning -Aim : The aim of the experiment is to examine how the concentration of the substrate (Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O2) affects the rate of reaction. the enzyme (catalase).
Brief Summary: This source gives information telling the reader that when a catalase is heated it beyond 400 it will start to die and become unusable.
Investigating Factors that Affect the Rate of Catalase Action Investigation into the factors which affect the rate of catalase action. Planning Aim: To investigate the affect of concentration of the enzyme catalase on the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme: Catalase is an enzyme found within the cells of many different plants and animals. In this case, it is found in celery.
Introduction / Background Information. This is an experiment to examine how the concentration of the substrate Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme Catalase. In this experiment I will be using yeast as a source of catalase. Enzymes are catalysts which speed up specific reactions. Enzymes such as catalase are protein molecules, which speed up a specific reaction within the cell.
Enzyme peroxidase is essential in any cell metabolic reaction as it breaks down the harmful hydrogen peroxide to harmful products in the body. The report analyzed its effect on changes in temperatures by determining the optimum temperatures and the effects of its reversibility. Through the method of extracting the enzyme by blending it with potato tissue in phosphate buffer, the effects were analyzed on the effect of the dye guaiacol and the activity measured under different temperatures. The optimum temperature was obtained at 22.20C and above this temperature, the enzyme was denatured. Conclusively, increase in temperature increases
The results of this experiment showed a specific pattern. As the temperature increased, the absorbance recorded by the spectrophotometer increased indicating that the activity of peroxidase enzyme has increased.At 4C the absorbance was low indicating a low peroxidase activity or reaction rate. At 23C the absorbance increased indicating an increase in peroxidase activity. At 32C the absorbance reached its maximum indicating that peroxidase activity reached its highest value and so 32 C could be considered as the optimum temperature of peroxidase enzyme. Yet as the temperature increased up to 60C, the absorbance decreased greatly indicating that peroxidase activity has decreased. This happened because at low temperature such as 4 C the kinetic energy of both enzyme and substrate molecules was low so they moved very slowly, collided less frequently and formed less enzyme-substrate complexes and so little or no products. Yet, at 23 C, as the temperature increased, enzyme and substrate molecules
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
The Effect of pH on the Activity of Catalase Planning Experimental Work Secondary Resources Catalase is a type of enzyme found in different types of foods such as potatoes, apples and livers. It speeds up the disintegration of hydrogen peroxide into water because of the molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but it remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells
Fluctuations in temperature can alter critical metabolic processes of biosynthesis and cellular maintenance, and prolonged exposure to high temperatures is lethal to most plant species. Temperatures between 30-40ºC are considered moderately high, and temperatures above 40ºC are considered extremely high. In most plant species, growing tissue is damaged with brief exposure to temperatures above temperatures above 45ºC. (Munns, n.d.)