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Introduction:
The Burj Khalifa is the tallest tower in the world, standing in Dubai’s skyline at 828 meters. The project needed six years (2004-2010) to be completed costing around $1.5 billion dollars. It represents the collaboration and coordination of many individuals from around the globe across the building profession. New methods have been developed to build this tower due to its height, weight and Dubai’s high temperatures. Advanced techniques were brought in to help raise this skyscraper and break all height records including the long-standing record of the Twin Towers.
This essay will first present the idea behind the construction of a tower in Dubai, it will then discuss the problems with the building materials used and how the issues were solved. After that, it will discuss how wind almost cancelled the Burj Khalifa from existing.
History:
In 2003 Emaar, a leading real estate company in Dubai, announced a new tower to be built in Dubai’s financial district, aimed to be the Middle East’s financial hub, thus strengthening Dubai’s plans to become the world’s “capital” city. Moreover, Emaar planned to build a unique tower in order to attract customers to invest in the tower itself and Dubai’s market. The tower was named The Burj Dubai and was intended to be complete by 2009. In February 2004 construction began at the Burj’s site. Meanwhile, the economic crisis had hit Dubai leaving many developers to go bankrupt. Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates’ capital city decided to fund up to $10 billion dollars worth on going projects in Dubai including the Burj Dubai. In return the Burj Dubai had its name change to The Burj Khalifa, after the Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed, the governor of Ab...
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...the Burj was designed with smooth and rounded edges as well as reduced width in higher levels. This designed eliminated the possibility of wind peeling of the sides pulling the tower from side to side. The tower was also re-orientated relative to the prevailing wind direction. The Burj’s design does not allow wind to create crosswind forces and therefore the tower is very stable.
The Burj’s external balconies are also at great risk as winds will be very dangerous on a person standing on an unprotected balcony. Thus, the balconies were fitted with glazed balustrades, which prevented the wind from blowing straight across the balcony. They were also fitted with wind dividers, which keeps the wind from coming over the balustrades and across the surface of the balcony. Furthermore, trellises were installed to avoid the wind from pushing down from above each balcony.
Towers extend from each of the four corners. Exterior walls enclose the premises. The walls were clearly built for defensive purposes with towers on each corner. The tower of London exists, with some later modifications, till this
Many years separate the construction and initial use of these two buildings, yet they share a similar purpose and structural elements. The differences are few, they are obviously different buildings. One paid homage to one goddess, while another worshipped all. Their uses after their high time varied as well. In the end though, both are known and celebrated as representative of the classical styles of their time for the cultures. Pillars and columns are used in architecture even now to give the idea of prominence and power. In brief, this short essay discussed the highlights of both
completed in 1932, has a central tower that rises 400 feet (120 meters) from a
However, the success of the building schemes relied on the construction methods and innovations that are now attributed as bei...
[Jansen, History of Art, p. 407]. The effect is to add structural strength and solidity to the building. The visual appearance of changes from the Early and Later or High Gothic are clear, as each cathedral became increasingly narrower and taller. For instance, compare the nave elevations of Notre-Dame to Amiens [Text, fig. 442, p. 333], the pointed arches of Amiens are significantly taller and narrower than the much earlier Notre Dame. The mastery of the flying buttress allowed medieval builders to construct taller and more elegant looking buildings with more complex ground plans.
The general structure of the Suleymaniye mosque mirrors that of many Islamic mosques, but Sinan's work shows that it can remain a unique piece of architecture. The mosque is designed around a central axis. The length is running from north to south while the width spans east to west. This is appropriate for the purpose of the building, where Muslims must face the cardinal direction of Mecca during prayer (Freely 124). Sinan further emphasizes the north and south direction by place two short pillars on the north end and two taller ones on the south end (see Image 2) (Nelipoglu 212). Looking at the plan of the Suleymaniye we see a definite presence of geometry (see Image 3). The mosque is made up of spherical and rectangular shapes, as well as series of arches along the facades. The main, central dome is further magnified by the surrounding half domes. This draws the attention towards the center (Goodwin 35). The dome becomes the spiritual focus, representing God's "unity without distinctions" (Freely 128). Sinan focused on a harmonious connection of the dome to the rest of the mosque to further emphasize its spiritual representation (Cansever 65). Sinan also strived for the Islamic belief of uninterrupted space between man and God. In his floorplan (see Image 3), he works to build the interior space with few obstructions as possible. Any existing obstruction was placed so that its transition was experienced gradually.
Abstract: New forms in current world have been testimony to the contemporary style of postmodern architecture and are the strength of today’s generation for creating significant architectural standards. Post modernism has blurred the borders between contemporary and traditional construction classical concepts and simply in the field of art and literature. The architectural elements like domes, arches, and classical shapes have lost their identity but the post modernism tries to bridge between these historical forms and contemporary styles. The related architects not only struggled to achieve the image for the buildings but also rejected oversimplified diagrams for living. The post modernism here tries to achieve theoretical base for their designs that creates the excitement in the design program.
Each of the buildings is individual yet connected by covered walkways known by all who enter here as bridges'. The Islamic Center community building holds cl...
The Willis Tower has a very unique and strange structural design. The Willis Tower’s architect firm was the company Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). It was the company that provided the Willis Tower’s architect, Bruce Graham. It also provided the Structural Engineer, Fazlur Rahman Khan. The pla...
Designed by the English architect John Nash between 1815 and 1821 as a seaside resort for the Prince Regent, it combines a fanciful assortment of Chinese, Indian, and Islamic motifs (267). John Nash was an English architect who had designed the Royal Pavilion. When I saw this picture, I reminded of Hindu temples because of Royal Pavilion domes like a Hindu temple dome and the others domes look like a mosque dome. The Royal Pavilion is a countless architecture that is why people are keen to see. On my response, The Royal Pavilion is embodie a piece of art which are still standing in the same way and his art is evident. I agree with the author regarding a fanciful assortment of Chinese, India, and Islamic
One World Trade Center (WTC) is the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere measuring up at 1776 feet tall. The built output sets new standards of design, construction, and prestige. Its beauty in New York City’s magical skyline makes it an icon. It is the most recognised and desirable office address in the world. In this essay I plan to argue that the social, political and economic status of society has affected the built output of this building considerably, for the good. Making the building one of the best skyscrapers in the world.
of their buildings. One of the basic questions that this paper will be seeking to answer is whether architects and critics accepted ...
After the crisis UAE’s economy suffered from 2008-2009 the economy has diversified itself and does not depend solely on oil anymore but also on other sectors such as tourism. The inflation rate of Dubai is 0.33% which is also significantly low (Dubai Statistics Centre,2016).The small medium enterprise does not want to take a risk where there are fluctuations in price level thereby effecting the buying power of people and also the demand and supply of the Al-Simpkin’s product. Furthermore,the government encourages foreign investment and besides the agent there are free zones such Jabel Ali which is the largest
The travel website, Taj Mahal, illustrates the origins of this monument. It was constructed to serve as a memorial and tomb for Mumtaz Mahal, the deceased wife of the emperor Shah Jahan (Taj Mahal, 2008). Before her death, while birthing Shah Jahan’s fourteenth child, she requested Jahan build a monument to honor her as stated by the Taj Mahal website (Taj Mahal, 2008). In 1631, construction began, and was finally completed twenty-two years later (Taj Mahal, 2008). Twenty-two thousand workers labored in constructing the monument bringing materials by elephant from many parts of Asia (Taj Mahal, 2008). The web site Islamic Architecture lists the Iranian architect Ustad Ahmed Lahwari as the key designer of the structure; however other architects played prominent roles in the monument’s design (Organization, 1995-2003).Over time, the esti...
The tower of Pisa is a well known masterpiece of architecture and it is considered the crowning glory of Pizza. It is the tallest building structure in the whole of Europe and a real example of the medieval engineering . The tower of Pisa is also known as the bell tower and it is a part of a big complex that includes four important buildings. The tower was built by Guglielmo and the sculptor Bonanno and the tower was made of some storeys and its final point is the bell. The purpose behind building the tower was to use it for gravity experiments. In addition , people of the city wished to display how wealthy and prosperous they were. The construction of the tower began in 1172 and it was constructed in the city of Pisa. It took 234 years to build this tower as it was built in three stages. It is known as the leaning tower of Pisa because of the leaning of its foundation and every year the leaning of the tower increases for some inches. The exact cost of constructing the tower is not known because the tower was built over some stages. However, it is estimated to be very high.