Bone Homeostasis
What Homeostasis is
Homeostasis is a system that is needed to regulate the internal parts of the body such as temperature or bone homeostasis. The process of homeostasis is important to ensure the internal body is kept stable and to keep the conditions within the body the same as this allows the body to function properly.
Bone Homeostasis is the bones regulation spefic process Inorder to allow the body to function properly.
Bone homeostasis
Bone homeostasis is the process of regulating calcium, this is important as the calcium which is found in bones needs to be able to leave the bones and go to other parts of the body where some functions such as muscle contraction or metabolic process or membranes occurs, if the calcium cannot get to these areas there can be problems which arise.
Bone homeostasis occurs when the bones are being “remodelled” or it is also known as “bone metabolism” this is the process in which new bone is created and the old bone which was there was removed, it is more common to see this process in younger growing children or adults who have broken any bones.
Bone homeostasis does occur in all generations and it is done if there is a lack of calcium in the body or there is too much calcium in the bones.
The process is carried out by cells known as
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These two hormone helps to regulate the calcium levels in the body. These two hormones work together to control the two cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) which allows the body to maintain the calcium levels going in and out of the bones. The calcitonin is the hormone which stops the osteoclasts from occurring but stimulates the osteoblast which results in the calcium level decreasing and the other hormone parathyroid stops the osteoblasts but stimulates the osteoclasts which increases the level of
However some of the basic bone functions include storing of crucial nutrients, minerals and lipids, producing red blood cells for the body, protect the organs such as heart, ribs and the brain, aide in movement and also to act as a buffer for pH. With the differences in all of the bones there are four things that remain the same in each bone, their cells. Bones are made up of four different cells; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells. Osteoblasts produce and secrete matrix proteins and then transport the minerals into the matrix. Osteoclasts are responsible for the breaking down of tissue. The osteoblasts and osteoclasts are both responsible for remodeling and rebuilding of bones as we grow and age. The production of osteoclasts for resorption is initiated by the hormone, the parathyroid hormone. Osteocytes are the mature versions of osteoblasts because they are trapped in the bone matrix they produced. The osteocytes that are trapped continue making bone to help with strength and the health of the bone matrix. The bone lining cells are found in the inactive bone surfaces which are typically found in
Homeostasis is the biological process that maintains a stable internal environment despite what occurs in the external environment. Chemicals and bodily functions are maintained in a balanced state so the body may function optimally. There are various systems in the human body that require maintenance through the processes of biochemical checks and balances so they may function properly. One of these systems includes the rise and fall of blood glucose and is under the control of the homeostatic regulation process. Homeostasis is essential in blood glucose regulation as high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and low blood glucose levels (hypoglycaemia) are dangerous and can affect the human body in many ways and can also lead
So far, various techniques have been used for reconstruction and regeneration of maxillary and mandibular bone defects. Autogenous bone grafting, guided bone regeneration (GBR), distraction osteogenesis and nerve transpositioning are among these regenerative techniques (1-8). Decision making for the treatment could be influenced by the type, size and location of the bone defects (2, 3, 9, 10). GBR had high success rate in treating small alveolar defects such as dehiscence or fenestration. Regenerative bony walls around the defect with ingrowing blood vessels can begin osteogenesis (11) larger bone defects with insufficient regenerative walls and an low quality avascular bed need varied amount of autogeneous bone graft from extra oral or intra oral donor sites, however, the patient may suffer from complications in donor site as well as bone graft resorption.(10, 12-15)
Bone contains an inorganic component composed of mineral salts, primarily calcium and potassium, and an organic component made of collagen, a complex protein that is found in various forms in bone and other connective tissues. According to Wolff’s Law, bone is capable of adjusting its strength in proportion to the amount of stress placed on it. When young, healthy people participate in exercise programs for extended periods of time, their bones can become more dense through increased deposition of mineral salts and the number of collagen fibers. On the other hand, if bones are not subjected to mechanical stresses, as in individuals with sedentary lifestyle or
The remarkable strength of the bones in this system provides protection for the vulnerable organs in the body.
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and has other body attachments that assist in connecting them which are tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. The skeletal system provides vital functions for the human body. The functions this system provides are support, movement, protection, blood cell production, storage for calcium and endocrine regulation. Bone serves as the basic unit of the human skeletal system. Ossification is characterized as a process that produces new bone. This process is also known as bone formation. Bone formation consists of two types of development. They are intramembranous and endochondral formation. Intramembranous ossification takes place when cells within the membrane change and become osteochondral progenitor cells.
Osteoporosis is a condition, which advances with age, resulting in fragile, weak bones due to a decrease in bone mass. Externally osteoporotic bone is shaped like normal bone, however it’s internal appearance differs. Internally the bone becomes porous due to a loss in essential minerals, including phosphate and calcium. The minerals are loss more quickly than they can be replaced and in turn cause the bones to become less dense and weak. The bones become prone to fracture, due to their weakness. Therefore the awareness of the disease tends to occur after a fracture has been sustained. The bones most commonly affected are the ribs, wrist, pelvis and the vertebrae.
If homeostasis is not maintained it will result in illness disease and even death, as without each functional part of the body working efficiently together, the body cannot operate at a sufficient level to maintain survival.
Osteoporosis is a serious disease that leads to a faster than normal loss of the bone density, which puts the bone at a higher risk for fractures. In order to understand the causes of Osteoporosis, it is important to understand how bones are formed. Bone is a living tissue that is made mainly of collagen, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. The mixture of collagen and calcium gives the bone strength and flexibility. The body deposits new bones and removes old ones; moreover, there are two types of bone cells that control the reproduction of bones. Cells called osteoclasts breakdown bone tissues thus, damaging the bone. Once the damaged bone is removed, cells called osteoblasts, use minerals including calcium and phosphate from the blood stream to make new healthy bone tissues. In order for osteoblasts and osteoclasts to work properly, hormones such us thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, and growth hormones are
It is very important for organisms to maintain homeostasis because when it’s disrupted that could cause other systems to go out of balance, which may result in damage in the organism. Homeostasis can be disrupted in many ways like when a human is sick. When a human is sick it starts in the immune system and depending on the intensity of the sickness it can cause other things like water balance and body temperature to go awry which would affect other systems. Another scenario when homeostasis is disrupted is when a plants water level is low and it wilts...
Fractures are life-threatening to aged people having the metabolic bone disease OSTEOPOROSIS, in which bones become porous and brittle. A person, mostly women, having osteoporosis may break a hip during a fall and possibly die from complications. Birth Defects Congenital bone diseases constitute a wide spectrum, ranging from the unimportant--for instance, mild bow legs--to severe lesions, such as spina bifida, in which the lower end of the spine fails to develop properly and the baby is born with paralysis and misshapen vertebrae. Congenital diseases may have hormonal bases: for example, fibrous DYSPLASIA, in which fibrous tissue replaces that of some bones, often results in bone deformity; in addition, some girls with this disease physically mature so early that they are capable of pregnancy and childbirth at the age of seven.
Calcium is a mineral found in many foods that the human body cannot produce itself (National Osteoporosis Foundation). According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation it is used in the regulation of heartbeat, stimulation of hormone secretions, conduction of nerve impulses, stimulation of blood clotting, and maintenance of a healthy skeleton. They also state that we lose calcium every day through shed skin, nails, hair, sweat, and other bodily functions. Bones are also constantly being “remodeled” by removal of older pieces of bone and replacement with new bone. These losses make a daily source of calcium invaluable. Calcium has traditionally been thought of in conjunction to milk, but this connection is slowly being broken.
The two hundred and six bones in the human body produces a lot of blood cells, store important minerals such as homeostasis (storage and release), and also release hormones, which are necessary to life. During body movement, the skeletal system assists by contracting and pulling on bone to produce movement. Although, in the world we all live in today, skeleton symbolizes all kinds of means/significant reasons. From people using it as a symbol for death (Halloween, rituals, etc.), movies, and many other scary things, the real fact is that skeletal system is one of the most body’s most life giving systems. Apart from other living organs such as the skin, eyes, and many more, the bones are the main primary function that carries them all. Bones are sturdy and firm, but each one in our bodies has their own blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Being the fact that the skeletal system makes up our body movements, support, and protection, it also has its
Bone cancer is classified into primary bone cancer & secondary bone cancer. Basically, Primary bone cancer starts in the bone; then the cancer initially forms in the cells of the bone; while the secondary cancer starts elsewhere in the body and gets spread to the bone.
Support is a very important fuction as without the skeleton the body would have no means of staying upright as almost all of the body tissues are soft this helps gives the body structure. The Skeleton plays an important role in the protection of the organs for example the skull protects the brain and the ribcage protect the lungs.The skeleton assists in the movement of the body as the ligaments in the body attach bone to bone and the tendons attach muscle to bone. To create movement the muscular system and the skeletal system work together creating the musculoskeletal. The skeleton can begin to move once the muscles contract. The fifth function of the skeleton is the formation of joints, these are essential to create movement within the body. Muscle attachment allows the bones to move. This is done by the muscles attaching to the bones by tendons. Minerals such as calcium salts and phosphorus are stored in the bones. The final function of the skeletal system is the formation of blood cells; most of the blood cells for the body are produced by red bone