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Annotated bibliography sports discrimination
Annotated bibliography sports discrimination
Discrimination laws in sports
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In order to increase participation in sport we first must improve equity and access. Equity focuses on providing equal opportunities to all members of society and aims to eliminate unreasonable barriers that restrict sports participation - such as discrimination, prejudices and stereotyping. A lack of equal opportunities is a primary reason as to why an individual may choose to not participate in a specific sport. AFL, like many other sports, intend to remove unreasonable barriers in the sport to help increase participation rates. Development programs – such as AusKick - target all children, no matter gender or race and encourage them to get involved in AFL. Women’s leagues are also popping up all over Australia with more than 51,000 Queensland
Good morning fellow AFL committee leaders, I am going to talk about why the new AFL womens competition will represent an advance for women's sport. Some arguments for this are:
An on going issue facing education today is the growing controversial topic of gender equality in sports participation and it’s so call quota for achieving equality. The most notable action that has taken place as women continue to strive towards equality in the athletic realm is what is known as, Title IX. The basic ideas underlying Title IX are that “if an institution sponsors an athletics program, it must provide equal athletic opportunities for members of both sexes.” (Yoshida p.3) Simply put, Title IX attempts to achieve “equality” of funding for male and female athletes. The problem with this idea of complete “equality” is that no one agrees as to what is considered equal. It is an ambiguous term, interpreted differently by many people.
Everyday Australians play at least one sport every week, whether it be AFL, cricket, basketball, volleyball or any other sport. We participate in sports for fun, but we have reasons for joining the sport chosen, for instance, we join a sport because of our culture or we join because of how much access we have to the sport. For lots of kids, they join a sport as they have lots of ways to access the sport because of their local communities supporting their club, or through their school helping them give options to lots of sporting clubs. Schools especially help as they let the students participate in every sport and that helps them decide on what sport they would like to join. Schools are a part of the institutional level of Figueroa’s framework and this level had the most impact on me when I participated in volleyball for my school.
Society shapes and influence equity in and access to sport. The way this links to European Handball is that it is not a popular sport, which is another reason it is not implemented into StAC within an earlier grade. It is not an Australian sport, not many people have the correct knowledge about the sport and have probably never heard about it unlike rugby and netball. Stated by the name of the sport, it is recognised in Europe, mainly; Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The effect it has on the acceptance at St Augustine’s College is that it’s a marginalized sport not a cultured sport and has been marginalized within St Augustine’s College because there is no Seca days or fixtures for the sport. Australians are serious when it comes to sport as it unifies them as a society. Once a sport has shown popularity sports without the dominance and popularity will be pushed to the side for the popular sports to be focused on. Society influences which sport people participate in because of the ideals within one’s culture. ("Cultural Influences on Equity and Sports Participation | Gender Role | Masculinity", 2018) Before grade 10, students had never played the sport unless within a club, which is not likely as there is one handball club in Queensland (Handball Queensland). In the past, society has seen sport as a male dominate structure, as present times evolve females are getting a look in which is expanding the values and expectations of the sport within society and in St Augustine’s College. European handball gaining acceptance into St Augustine’s College, has a barrier of recognition, education, and attitudes towards the game
The report will refer to the sociological perspective of women’s sport in Australia which leads to the changes within women’s sport, Athletics at Brisbane Girls Grammar, women’s sport in the media and then an evaluation and recommendation on the topic ‘Women in Sport’.
In the book Playing with the Boys: Why Separate Is Not Equal in Sports by Eileen McDonagh and Laura Pappano, the authors examine how sex segregation is present in sports today. McDonagh and Pappano distinguish the difference between voluntary sex segregation and coercive sex segregation and what the main problem today in sports is. Along with the types of sex segregation, they also identify something that is an example of sex segregation along with the causes and effects of it. Sex segregation in sports can lead to gender inequalities in sports of all levels.
It is clear that sports are big deal in our lives. They shape us as individuals and more importantly they promote gender roles and stereotypes that have negative impacts on females. It promotes a paradigm that states males are superior to females when it comes to sports. Co-ed sports can be used as a foundation to break through this paradigm and jumpstart a movement to disease these gender roles and stereotypes we place. Females don’t get equal opportunities as they don’t want to perceive as manly because of this dichotomous thinking we have. They shy away from getting into sports. Using co-ed leagues not only benefits females and promotes them to play sports, it also benefits them as a generation to further this paradigm shift and dismiss
The ideology that African Americans are superior in athletics further promotes the idea of white intellectual superiority. Some will argue that sports put race on an equal playing field, however racial inequalities and injustices are reinforced here. When people in a study were asked to describe an individual's athletic ability based on their looks, an overwhelming response characterized the black person as a superior athlete, yet the white male was described as having a greater intellectual or strategical ability (Harrison, 2002). Africans hold an extensive percent of the population of NBA and NFL players with the percent of African americans being 75% and 69% respectively in 2015 according to Richard Lapchick. Although the African American population makes up the
Since the passing of Title IX in 1972, a law that mandates that both men and women have equal opportunities in any government funded institution, it has created numerous opportunities for girls and women not only in an education and schools, but also in clubs and especially sports. Having the opportunity to play a sport and practice teamwork and leadership is an invaluable experience; and because of the approval of Title IX, many girls, including myself, have been able to join youth sport clubs and continue their athletic careers. Any level including little league, high school, college, or even to play sports professionally. Although women have perceived and progressed themselves upward through society,
According to a recent study found in an ESPN article about youth sports, there are approximately 21.5 million kids from the age of six to seventeen (Kelley & Carchia) Which is a staggering number because according to the 2014 population estimate for the United States Census Bureau, Kansas has a population of roughly three million people (U.S. Census); the amount of youth kids involved in sports is seven times the population of Kansas. The sports these kids play bring together communities and neighbors of all genders, races, cultures, and ethnicities.
Athletic programs have been a part of colleges for many years. It has led to most big name schools being popular because of these successful athletic programs. They draw in and attract students. They have the ability to create an atmosphere that nothing else can, while bringing an entire student body together. Athletic programs also allow for students to receive an education that typically would not be able to. Athletic programs are beneficial to colleges.
Hajkowicz, S.A., Cook, H., Wilhelmseder, L., Boughen, N., 2013. The Future of Australian Sport: Megatrends shaping the sports sector over coming decades. A Consultancy Report the Australian Sports Commission. CSIRO, Australia pg. 10
Women earn only 77% of what males do and the gap is even wider in sports. League revenue is the cause for the equality gap in sports (A Look at Male and Female Professional Athlete Salaries). People don’t give as much to watch women play because it is “less” exciting. Women are treated poorly especially in sports because of championship earnings, salary differences, and ability. Did you know the U.S. women’s soccer team made less money winning the World Cup than the U.S. men’s soccer team, who only made it to the round of
excellence in sport so as to bring a sense of pride to the country and
Gender inequality exists athletic events from recreational to sports (Cunningham 2008). Equality between the genders has not been reached through all the sport spectrum that is being changed by the attribution of organizational policy, legislation, social pressures, and program development that is recognizing women as stakeholders, managerial expertise, diversity, participation in the field. Nonetheless, a “sport is acknowledged as a powerful cultural institution linked to the construction and reinforcement of gender inequities” (Messner, 1988). An article by Anderson et al. (2016) stated if gender equality was accomplished by decreasing athletic opportunities form males or increasing female opportunities