Enigma
What is an Enigma? Enigma “means a mystery” (Guynn).
Although there are several alternative meanings, to the Germans this meant a thin line between victory and defeat. During World War II the allies not only intercepted encrypted messages, they broke them but not without the help of A.M. Turing.
“In the early years of World War II,” (Sales), the airways in Poland were flooded with coded messages that created confusion with the “cryptanalyst working in the cipher bureau” (Maziakowski). Over a several years over Poland received thousands of messages but still hadn’t any luck.
In 1930 they had found the source of their problem. Germany had hired, “Hans Schmidt, who invented the enigma machine”, (Sales). This machine enabled Germany to send messages effortlessly with the security of knowing the codes could not be broken. Initially there was only one machine that was to be used as a public machine, but soon the German military contracted Schmidt to build a machine that the German Military could only use.
It wasn’t until 1932 that “the enigma code was broken by Marian Rejewski” (Maziakowski) that Poland started to feel the fear of an oncoming invasion by Germany. Without the knowledge of the break in security, Germany sent out a machine to every military outpost in preparations for war. The Polish government then listened closely to the airways, trying to pick up any information they could. They sent spies out to intercept messages in hopes of learning more about their neighbor’s plans.
It was only by chance that the polish government was able to break the enigma code the first time. A man working at the Head Quarters in Berlin contacted a French operative in hopes of exchanging sensitive information for money. The French agreed and after exchanging money and information several times they found it of little use and then forwarded it to the Polish who you might say found the Holy Grail of information.
Nearing the end of the exchanges between the French operative and the inside man, there was a particular document that was passed, its value would cost the French one hundred thousands dollars, an equivalent of 1 million dollars in today’s market, for a complete diagram of the enigma machine. This did little to help France and they once again sent the information right to the Poles. With this “Marian Rejewski” to “mathematically determine the wiring of one of the three routers” (Maziakowski).
The text states that one of the only two original Code Talkers, Nez, his platoon was tasked with developing a code. For example, the code was based on the at the time unwritten Navajo language. According to the passage, the Code Talkers developed a glossary and a alphabet with more than 200 terms in it. In the text, it shows that the code was created so that it was impossible to crack. For example, one of the original Code Talkers, Chester Nez, told that the concern was if the code would work or not. Readers can tell that later there would be a answer and the answer was it was impossible to crack the code. This shows that the Navajo Code Talkers helped create a code that was used in World War II and was impossible to crack. This means that it helped the Allies win the war because of the enemies not being able to crack the code since it was so impossible to understand it. This is because even the Japanese cryptologists could not even understand
Michael Boehmcke Mrs. Vermillion AP Language and Composition 16 March 2018 The Search for A Killer In 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland, initiating World War II, as well as laying the ground work for what became known as the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, the German extermination of millions of European Jews. In The Nazi Hunters, Neal Bascomb describes the hunt after the war for Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi who oversaw the deliverance of the Jews to the extermination camps.
the codes used by the U.S. Army and Army Air Corps, they never cracked the code used by
This code actually proved vital to the success of the Allied efforts in World War II. Because the Code Talkers performed their duty expertly and efficiently, the Marines could count on both the ...
“AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR. THIS IS NO DRILL.” This is the message sent out by radioman Kyle Boyer at 7:58 a.m. Sunday December 7, 1941; a date which will live in infamy. The empire of Japan had attacked the United States’ Pacific Fleet based in Pearl Harbor. For months the US Intelligence community, as well as others around the world, had been intercepting and decoding transmissions from mainland Japan to their diplomats and spies in the US. We had cracked their Purple Code, and knew exactly what military intelligence was being transmitted back and forth. The Dutch also cracked Purple and informed our government of the Japanese plan and were shocked to hear reports that we were taken by surprised. Even more disturbing, months before the attack a British double agent, Dusko Popov, codenamed Tricycle, turned over to the F.B.I. detailed plans of the Japanese air raid, which he had obtained from the Germans. The government had the information, and did nothing with it.
The First World War produced a vast increase in the flow of diplomatic as well as military and naval intelligence. Perhaps more interesting, is how little attention the Foreign Office paid to it. The greatest intelligence advance of the war was the revival of British code breaking after a gap of seventy years —a revival with which the Foreign Office had nothing to do. The initiative came from the Director if Naval intelligence, Admiral Reginal ‘Blinker’ Hall, who founded a diplomatic annex to the wartime Admiralty sigint unit, Room 40, under personal control in the summer of 1915. During the Dardanelles campaign in 1915 he sent secret emissaries to Constantinople with authority to offer up to £4 million to secure the passage of the British Fleet.
Over the year and a half between Pearl Harbor and Midway the United States made headway with various technological and military advantages. One of the most important of which was the code breaking efforts of Commander Joseph J. Rochefort Jr. “Most of the U.S’s information [on Japan] came from Rochefort. R...
It all started with the “Hungarian conspiracy” it had everyone convinced that the creation of a nuclear bomb possible, but that the German government was already doing research in this field of study and on such a weapon. To the rest of the world, the thought of Adolf Hitler might be the first to gain control of a weapon this destructiveness would be terrifying to the United States. Right, then they decided that the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt must be warned about the dangers and that the United States must begin its research department.As the planned gave way, Einstein was to write a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt about the possibilities and dangers of the atomic weapons, and later was taken to the president.Einsteins appointment was easy to get in te late summer of 1939. Hitler had just invaded Poland .and the war had just begun in Europe.After speaking with the President, he gathered his cabinet. and wanted to speak with his chief aide, after talking with him a small committee was set up called ...
On August 4,1944 the members hiding in the Secret Annex were discovered by the Gestapo (German secret police). They were taken and interrogated. Meip explains later after they left, “Bep and I went up a...
The article refers to a large part of Rygor’s memoirs from In the Secret Service which describe the work Rygor accomplished in the USSR, France, and North Africa. The article begins to explain Rygor’s background. According to the article, Agency Africa, a polish intelligence agency, was considered one of the best intelligence agencies ever created. The article also tends to get into detail on Agency Africa’s secrecy and the reason behind their secrecy. In the article, “Rygor himself said ‘all successful intelligence agencies remain unknown’. In this (as in other matters), he has proved only too successful.” Herman provides information for the reasons Agency Africa was kept a secret. If the intelligence network was not kept secret, the operation would have failed. The intelligence agency was used in planning Operation Torch in preparation for the landings in North Africa. Herman believes that the scale of Agency Africa should be emphasized. Agency Africa covered all over the Vichy French in North Africa. The network had airfields, outpost commanders, agents and counter-intelligence outposts. Agency Africa was well prepared for the landings. Herman added that the polish intelligence network’s aim was to obtain important information on the Axis’s intentions. Many of the wartime figures that were involved refused
Teaching is one of the most well-known professions all around the world. However, it is also extremely underestimated, especially when it comes to teaching elementary school students. Jenny Peters, writer of the article Confessions of An Elementary School Teacher, observes that it is indeed a “challenging career” that in the end has “immeasurable rewards” (1). However, no matter what you have to do, it seems as though those rewards overrule anything and everything as long as your heart is in it, not only for the students, but for the drive to teach them and lead them to bigger and brighter futures.
Santiago is a hero because he displays kindness, bravery and wisdom; also, he is considered a hero because he displays many characteristics of an archetypal hero. Santiago displays kindness, bravery, wisdom, receiving supernatural help, proving himself and receiving his apotheosis. Santiago is a hero in many ways. If it wasn’t for all of these characteristics, then Santiago would have never discovered his personal legend or his treasure. Santiago is a hero.
Codes have been around for centuries ranging from wax, invisible ink, Morse code, the Enigma used by the Germans during World War II and now steganographic. Steganography is the latest form to insidiously hide information over the Internet without a trace of a file being altered. You are able to hide messages within images, voice or music. Steganography is an ancient method of hiding messages. Today messages are hidden in images and music. Steganography can be traced back to the ancient Greek who would write messages on tablets and cover them in wax. This made the tablets look blank and unsuspicious (Kolata, F4). Citizens of ancient civilizations would tattoo messages on their shaved heads. They would then let their hair grown in and travel across enemy lines to deliver the message (Seper, G1). During World War II the Allies placed a ban on flower deliveries with dates, crossword puzzles and even report cards (Kolata, F4) for fear of a message being hidden with in. Steganographers first alter their data by using encryption and then place the image into a pre-select image. Steganographers look for a piece of code that would be the least significant and look the least altered to the human eye (Kolata, F4), being as inconspicuousness and random as possible. This makes the messages undetectable unless you knew that there is a message hidden and you were able to crack the code.
Becoming a teacher was not something I always knew I wanted. As I approached an age where I really started considering what I would like to do for a career I only knew that I did not want to work in an office behind a desk all day. I wanted a job that would be interactive, challenging and exciting. I also knew I wanted a job that would be important and would somehow contribute to the world in an important way. I thought being a teacher; particularly a teacher in the primary levels would fulfill those hopes and goals assuming I dedicate myself to becoming an effective teacher who has a positive influence on the lives of my students.
As an education major at State College, I’ve decided to become a teacher for several reasons. As I progressed through elementary, middle, and high school, many of my teachers were great role models for me. This has inspired me to become a role model for someone in the near future. My love for science and math has also influenced my desire to teach and make a difference in a child’s life. I want to teach students the subjects that I love so much. I want the feeling that I helped a child accomplish or learn something they couldn’t understand. One of the main reasons I want to become an educator is because I feel education has really lost teachers who truly love teaching and those who truly love teaching and those who have the desire to make a difference. I feel I can really help make a difference in the education world and bring back the love to teach.