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The history of the tourism industry
Historical development of travel and tourism
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1.0 Company Background
Empress Luxury Lines is a company that offered cruise vacations to the vacationers. In 1990s, this company had achieved high demand from the customers and they had increased their cruises in order to meet the demand during the stock market bubble. However, this increment of the demand did not last for long time. Unfortunately, the company had to face with several problems which caused the decrease of its demand. Like, in the year 2000, there was a dramatic fall in the stock market due to the incident of September 11 that badly affected the nation, sudden drop of bookings caused by the Norwalk virus and also the strike of the hurricanes at the Caribbean and Gulf ports in 2005 caused a huge amount of refunds.
Early age of Empress
Sunward left Southampton for the first time on June 25th 1966. Unfortunately, bookings were very low. A disagreement between Spain and Great Britain regarding Gibralter –Spain saw Gibraltar as a part of Spain- didn’t help matters either. Part of her brochure when sailing as The Empress for Empress Cruise Line Ted Arison, an Israeli, managed several Israeli passenger ships cruising out of American ports in the sixties. These ships were gradually sold however, so Arison was facing a situation in which he would be left without a ship. He saw many possibilities for cruises out of Florida to the Caribbean. It was his foresight that started Caribbean Cruising. He contacted Kloster and unfolded his plans for Caribbean cruising. Kloster agreed and the Sunward started sailing out of Miami on short cruise to the Bahamas for the newly formed Norwegian Cruise Lines. She was now used as a cruise ship, although her car deck was still in use so passengers could take their cars to the Bahamas. So...
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...ormer Sunward seemed to have found her niche. Although a one ship operation, Empress was a rather successful small firm, holding her own in a market dominated by competitor Star Cruises. There was even talk of a second ship, but Empress wanted to develop step by step and was not in a hurry to add further tonnage.
Suddenly, Empress Cruise Lines ceased operations. The exact reasons remained somewhat obscure, which happens more often in the Asian cruise scene. The Empress was laid up. Then, (summer of 2003) there were rumours of several (Asian) parties being interested in her while reports that she had already sailed for the breakers turned out to be incorrect. Other reports indicated that she had been sold for $ 1.3 million for further cruise service in Indian waters. Her planned refit did not materialize however and she was suddenly sold to Indian scrappers in 2004.
During the 1840’s and 1850’s America experienced its golden age in shipping and sailing.1 At the front of this era was Donald McKay whose innovative ship designs lead to the numerous sea speed records, some of which stand today. For most of the early 19th century American ship building consisted of merchant and cargo ships. It took a long time for these ships to sail across seas. With the increased speed came decreased time to wait for pay. Another need for increased speed was the California gold rush of 1849. People wanted to make the trip as quickly as possible in order to stake their claims. Donald McKay’s clipper ships enabled people to do that.
The Titanic makes most people very curious and is a very compelling topic. Deborah Hopkinson, the author of Sweet Clara and the Freedom Quilt, Apples to Oregon, and others wrote a marvelous book about the Titanic. The book is about the horrific disaster of the marvelous ship called Titanic Voices From The Disaster. This book provides a story about the Titanic and includes story’s from passengers, that were aboard the Titanic the night it hit an ice berg and sunk. Titanic is a very popular book published by Scholastic. It is rated 4 stars on goodreads.com and 4.5 stars on Barnes and noble.com. There are many great reviews of the book and few bad reviews. This
After September 11th, 2001, the airline industry experienced a significant drop in travel. The reasons for the airline industry downfalls also included a weak U.S and global economy, a tremendous increase in fuel costs, fears of terrorist's attacks, and a decrease in both business and vacation travel.
Captain Coulter breathed a sigh of relief as the Joanna left port on August 11, 1753. It was late in the year to start sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, but with fair winds he thought they would make it before the autumn storms arrived. Exactly 41 days after leaving Greenock, the Joanna arrived in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Captain Coulter was quick to assure the papers that the journey had been smooth and all 60 of his passengers had arrived safely. Captain Coulter’s words reassured the friends and family his passengers had left behind and they too began to dream of improving their lives in the colonies.
The Chinese navy in the early 1400’s was very powerful but unfortunately it grew weaker and weaker over time. The cause of this was that China ran into political problems which prevented future voyages.
The owners of the Essex must have had much success the way they managed their operations considering that the Essex was one of the oldest ships in Nantucket at the time of the final journey of the ship. This leaves little incentive for the owners to invest into the ship or the crew. Risk-taking pays but business should be down with a conscience and a paternalistic employment practices will develop, which will cement loyalty employees. (Matsushita, 1988). When the Essex left port for the last time the ship and crew had probabilities of success stacked against them. “What is bought with money or with goods is purchased by labor, as much as what we acquire by the toil of our own body. They contain the value of a certain quantity of labor which we exchange for what is supposed at the time to contain the value of and equal quantity.” (Smith, 1991). The owners essentially put little value into the captain and the crew from their actions; examples are lack of training of crew, captain and mates, the rundown resources on the ship...
Airline and travel industry profitability has been strapped by a series of events starting with a recession in business travel after the dotcom bust, followed by 9/11, the SARS epidemic, the Iraq wars, rising aviation turbine fuel prices, and the challenge from low-cost carriers. (Narayan Pandit, 2005) The fallout from rising fuel prices has been so extreme that any efficiency gains that airlines attempted to make could not make up for structural problems where labor costs remained high and low cost competition had continued to drive down yields or average fares at leading hub airports. In the last decade, US airlines alone had a yearly average of net losses of $9.1 billion (Coombs, 2011).
The purpose of this report is to show how Qantas was affected by global financial crisis. Qantas is the second oldest airlines in the world. It is one of the tough competitors for other airlines. But Qantas was affected badly during the crisis, the tickets prices went up because the fuel prices went up. I have suggested few recommendations for Qantas to bounce back , what can be done without laying of the employees and have also spoke about cost cutting.
In spite of having numerous structures in place to ensure a luxurious guest experience, the Oberoi Vanayvilas (OV) failed to provide a quality service to its hotel guest. To recover from this service failure, we recommend OV to sincerely apologize and ‘offer refund for the third night and a credit for the two nights for a future stay with additional hotel perks tobe used at OV within a year’ to the impacted guest. Main drivers for our recommendation are to convey a message that Oberoi sincerely cares about the customer inconvenience and wants its guest to revisit the hotel to win over the customer by its exemplary quality service.
Miuccia Prada once said that “What you wear is how you present yourself to the world, especially today, when human contacts are so quick. Fashion is instant language”. Miuccia Prada and the Prada brand have grown from humble beginnings making quality leather goods to a public traded company with a current market capitalization of over $26 billion (USD) . With the development of Prada as one of the world’s premier luxury brands it provides an excellent case study to examine how strategy paved the way for the success of the Prada brand. First, an examination of Prada’s strategic positioning against luxury brand rivals Louis Vuitton Hennessey Moet (LVHM) and Kering (Gucci). The acquisition history of Prada will be reviewed, where some preliminary conclusions can be made about what has been contributing factors to both the successes and failures. Then finally, an evaluation of what the future holds for Prada and the sustainability of its competitive advantage.
The company Established in Hong Kong in 1963, Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group is. international hotel investment and management group operating ten hotels in the Asia-Pacific region. The company manages each of these. hotels and has significant ownership interests in all but Mandarin. Oriental, San Francisco and the Phuket Yacht Club Hotel and Beach.
The article provides examples of companies that have faced the crisis. For instance, the premium position captivity reason was among the main factors causing Levi Strauss to lose its share of market. ...
Personally what makes a brand “luxurious” is the atmosphere and the emotions one feels once walking into a flagship store. Every brand has its unique photography style; its own color pallet and even the logo can give it a sense of high quality and set off emotions. Each brand presents itself to the world in either a traditional looking way, with the use of old but long standing typography. “The lower floor…devoted to the heritage of the Vuitton brand: luxurious…But upstairs is a Marc Jacobs wonderland.” This too supports my viewpoint on the environment inside a store, it plays a big role into creating strangers into loyal customers, the way the brand has been branded inside
The first situation is that of “special events” such as holiday periods, sporting/political events, etc. These events throw more power in the relationship to industry players due to the large customer demand and constrained supply. For example hotels see huge demand around the World Cup sporting event and hotel prices as a result on average spike between 100-300% compared to normal levels and for the last World Cup prices in one city went even further north of around 583% (Mallén, 2013). On the flip side, periods of economic recession have the opposite affect by impacting demand negatively thus forcing hotels to greatly lower prices to spur demand or compete with other industry players. During the last US recession, the average hotel occupancy rate dropped to a record low of 45% at one point from the normal average of 63%. As a result of the greatly declining revenues, such as a 48% drop by Marriott International, industry players laid off over 400,000 employees and greatly scaled back costs and new developments. Also importantly to customers who now saw more power in the relationship drift to their side during this time period, the average daily room price dropped to $98.18 (2009) from the record high of $107.42 pre-recession (2008). Both effects on opposing fulcrums show how important customer demand can affect the industry and the players’ actions
It is important for LVMH to continue to distinguish themselves from other luxury brands, and by continuing to acknowledge that their products are desires and not necessities. They sell luxury, and image. It would be advisable to have better relations with their customers, to increase customer loyalty, but to also get into the minds of the consumer to give the consumer what they desire, all the while staying ahead of the competition. Researchers should be assigned to each specific business unit; it would be a good idea to treat each unit as a separate entity, all-contributing to the same end. By individually enhancing each unit, and eventually collaborating in the end, LVMH will be most profitable. Internet ventures are very important, we live in a time that thrives on technology, and making efforts easier for consumers will be key. Continuing to portray an image or a message with each product will contribute to the brand differentiation. The continual acquisition of profitable names and organizations will continue to increase the profitability of LVMH.