Ecstasy is Methylene Dioxymethamphetamine, often abbreviated as MDMA. This drug is a member of the same family of drugs that include amphetamine and LSD. I once believed that ecstasy was a mixture of methamphetamine and LSD, but as I researched, I found out that it has its own chemical structure. Ecstasy is not a mixture of other drugs; it is something all its own.
Ecstasy alone makes people biased towards ecstasy without even doing the research necessary to judge it. There are some 500,000 regular users of the drug Ecstasy in the United Kingdom alone. (lec.org/DrugSearch/Documents.Ecstasy.html, p.1) It can't be all that bad, can it?
Before ecstasy was called MDMA, it was known as MDA. MDA was first made in Germany in 1898, and was used as an appetite suppressant. It was also tested in 1941 as a relief for Parkinson's disease, but it was dropped because one trial subject felt rigidity of the muscles. It was also dropped as an appetite suppressant at about the same time because some "strange side effects were noted". (lec.org/DrugSearch/Documents/Ecstasy.html p.1) It isn't clear what those effects were. MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, was synthesized in 1914, and was patented by the German company Merck. MDMA gained popularity in 1972 as a legal alternative to MDA. MDMA was used in marriage counseling as a way of reducing hostility during the counseling session.
The father of MDMA is Alexander Shulgin. Shulgin received his PhD in biochemistry from the University of California at Berkley. From there he got a job as a research chemist with Dow Chemicals where he invented a profitable insecticide. The company wanted to reward him for such an invention that they gave him his own lab. Shulgins ambition was to find a drug that was theraputic, and with his research at the lab, he created MDMA, which was the drug that came closest to fulfilling it. (Saunders,p.7)
During1984, while Ecstasy was still legal, you could find it at any bar in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, where you could pay for it by credit card. Ecstasy replaced cocaine as the drug of choice. Everyone seemed to be using it. It ranged from the regular drug user all the way up to people who normally kept away from drugs. "…it was this public and unashamed use that resulted in the drug to be outlawed.&quo...
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... so many people believe that it can have a positive affect on a persons life. Not enough research has been done to disprove that Ecstasy can in fact be a great tool for therapy. The media has caused many to fear Ecstasy with its concentration on the deaths indirectly related to the drug, that it has closed the minds of many to see the type of positive effects it can bring. Before anyone can judge this drug, one should balance the positive effects compared to the negative. Through my research I have seen how many people believe in this drug, and their reasons for it, that it has made me a believer as well.
Works Cited
How Drugs Affect You: Ecstasy. 1998 Australian Drug Foundation <http://www.nevdgp.org.au/geninf/adf/ecstasy.htm, p.1-5>
Drug Information. 1999 Drug-Free Resource Net, Partnership for a Drug-Free America
< http://www.drugfreeamerica.org/ecstasy.html,p.1>
1995 research trip to the USA. 1995 John Hopkins
<http://www.ecstasy.org/info/trip/html,p.1-5>
Recreational use of ecstasythe drug user's perspective. 1997 Nicholas Saunders <http://www.ecstasy.org/info/bps.html, p.1-2>
Ecstasy Survey Results
<http://cia.com.au/aburton/Ecstasy/
The chemical name for ecstasy is 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA. Besides the name ecstasy, MDMA has other names normally used on the streets such as Adam, XTC, hug, beans, and love drugs (NIDA InfoFacts 1). MDMA is described to be a “synthetic, psychoactive drug possessing stimulant and hallucinogenic properties” (Ecstasy Hazards 1). As in the case of other amphetamines, the process to produce ecstasy is not that complicated. The simplest method is clandestine production, which starts with PMK . If not, it can still be produced from piperonal, isosafrole, or safrole but even then, these chemicals have to be converted to PMK before they could be turned into ecstasy (Iversen 149-150). The molecule itself is a combination of 11 carbons, 2 oxygens, 6 hydrogens, and 1 nitrogen as seen in the figure (Chemical Structure 1).
Ecstasy is mostly one of the drugs that they want to push the legalization use of it. Many people outside of raves think it would still be a horrible idea to include ecstasy at raves due to the effects of what the drug does. People who attend raves said that they should wear bracelets and sell the drug to people over the age of 21. The problem with that is many people have health issues and they just ignore the fact that the drug can cause serious injuries or damage the brain. Ecstasy has a lesser rate of death and overdose issues, but probably would not happen. If it were to happen they should the limit or the usage of the drug so people would not over dose or cause a lot of health issues. Raves should allow a health of the people who is going when they purchase the tickets and should be prepared of what they are doing and what is going to happen. (“Drug
Sildenafil Citrate, more commonly known by the brand name Viagra, has become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in America. Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction, also known as impotence. Erectile Dysfunction is best defined as the inability to maintain an erection necessary for sexual satisfaction. Sildenafil has been shown to be effective for a "broad range ED patients, including those with a history of mellitus, depression, … hypertension, diabetes, …and spinal chord injury" (Sildenafil Citrate, par. 29).
LSD stands for Iysergic acid diethylamide. LSD is a hallucinate know to be the most powerful drug of this kind. LSD is commonly known as acid. This drug changes a person’s mental state by distorting the perception of reality to the point where at high doses hallucination occurs. Acid is derived from a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It is semi-synthetic. It’s manufactured chemically in illicit laboratories, except for a small percent, which is produced legally for research.
Descartes started his Meditations by doubting all his ideas and believes, and his goal was to acquire a certain foundation of knowledge. Descartes, a rationalist, believes in innate ideas, which are built into us naturally and not dependent or derived by experiences. As an example, Descartes believes in the existing of God, a powerful and perfect. Also, as a perfect God; he will not try to trick or deceive people by making them believe that they are sensing a physical thing when there is in fact no such material thing; therefore God is not a deceiver, who gives people the right ideas. On the other side, John Locke, an empiricist, who believes that all ideas come from experience, raise an objection on Descartes premises of the innate ideas because Locke does not believe in such thing as ideas, which are built in us naturally and the reason of the of putting the right ideas is God for he is perfect.
Methamphetamine created in 1919 in Japan. It went into wide use for both sides during World War II and it was especially used by Japanese pilots before their flights. Once the war was over, leftover storage of Methamphetamine went public resulting in extremely high amounts of abuse with this drug. During the 1950’s this drug was used as a diet aid and was also used in the thought that it helped to fight depression. It was also over used by college students, truck drivers, and athletes because of its easy availability. This pattern increased remarkably in the 1960’s when this drug became more available in an injectable form. The United States Government in the 1970’s made Meth, for most uses, illegal which then resulted in Mexican drug trafficking organizations to set up large labs in California. Today most of this drug that is available comes from Thailand, Myanmar, and China. (History of Methamphetam...
“Nearly four years ago, Ashley Zumbrunnen 's life was forever changed in the blink of an eye. She was partially paralyzed in a car accident. The reason? She was texting while driving” (7 KTVB.COM). Do you think texting while driving is worth it? I do not think a text is worth a life, if I was her I would have waited to text my husband. Here story goes as follows “I was on my way on my way to work, said Zumbrunnen about the morning of the crash. I took out my cell phone, and I wanted to say 'I love you, have a good day ' to my husband” (7 KTVB.COM). She could have waited to text her husband but instead she decided to send a cute message to her husband causing the following “while typing a text message, she crossed Highway 55 into oncoming traffic. I over-corrected, I lost control of my vehicle, said Zumbrunnen. I felt like I was in a washing machine. Then all of a sudden, I flipped and flew in the air. I felt my body flying in the air” (7 KTVB.COM). Just by watching her video online and hearing her tell us her story makes me want to cry, it is such a sad story that texting and driving can change someone’s life. Who would have ever thought that in a blink of an eye you can go paralyzed or even die for doing such little thing?
MDMA was first created in 1910 by German scientists studying amphetamines. Merck, a German pharmaceutical company, took out a patent on the chemical in 1914 because they believed that MDMA could be useful for suppressing appetites. When MDMA proved useless for their purposes, it was forgotten and did not resurface until the 1950s during the Cold War. Scientists in the U.S. Army Office of Strategic Services were looking for drugs to induce psychotic and violent behavior, but MDMA did not produce these results and drifted into misuse. A few years later in the 1960s, Dr. Alexander T. Shulgin heard about MDMA from a student and created his own batch.
“Secondhand smoke is also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)” (American Cancer Society, 2016). It’s a combination of multiple types of smoke that appear from unyielding tobacco. These are ordinary smoke which is smoke breathe out by the person smoking and smoke which we intake from the cigarette, pipe, or cigar where it lighted. This type of smoke has an excellent attentiveness of cancer-causing driving forces and is more poisonous than mainstream smoke is. It also has lesser elements than mainstream smoke. These less important units create a way to enter addicted to the lungs and the body’s chambers with no trouble. Non-smokers are open to the elements of secondhand smoking and are exposed involuntarily taking in nicotine and poisonous substances the same way smokers do. The more we breathe secondhand smoke, the more advanced the intensity of these damaging substances in your body.
In order to understand texting while driving, a person must have some background on the subject. “Texting should be illegal,” (Whiting, 2). I believe texting while driving should be outlawed. It’s truly one of the biggest causes of accidents. Texting and driving is so much more critical than drunk driving. “I have seen driver after driver on cellphones so focused on calls that they are a hazard to me and others,” (Elswick, 2). Most people don’t realize how dangerous texting while driving really is. People take that action too lightly. There is a major life threatening decision you make every time you are behind the wheel.
Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a social commentary of both England and Europe around the time of its circulation. During William Shakespeare’s time, women in England had very few rights; men had superiority and authority over everything, including the women. Shakespeare connected Ophelia, a female character from Hamlet, to an era where women has very few rights and had the duty to obey the men in their lives. A women in Europe or even England, if unmarried, they obeyed their brothers and father and when married they were obligated to obey their husbands. As a woman, Ophelia had few alternatives in a patriarchal society that divided her from Hamlet who could change his fate at any given time. Ophelia was a proper woman of her time and she tried to
Descartes and Locke were two prominent philosophers in different ages that shaped modern philosophy. They disagreed on many things but on this term paper I will be focusing on the contrast of innate ideas between the two. According to Descartes, innate ideas are indeed universal ideas bestowed upon birth and according to Locke, he argues against innate ideas with reason that all ideas are from sensory experience. After analyzing each philosophy for both intellectualists, I will come up with a conclusion on which philosopher I will defend or if I will take on both sides and have mutual defenses for both.
Did you know that 37,000+ people die in automobile crashes due to distractions in the U.S every year that means at about 100 die every day do to car crashes "The 25 Scariest Texting and Driving Accident Statistics”. You should never text and drive due to the danger of it. You can be injured and others can be too. People can die from you texting and driving.
In 2015 alone, 218 of our fellow citizens died in car crashes (“Texting while driving is costing us all”). Car crashes have become part of our reality. Majority of our car crashes comes from being on a phone, tablet, or even an iPad or being distracted in some sort of way while driving, most likely texting. Texting and driving increases the risk of killing people and can cause insurance rates to increase significantly.
There have been to many drivers who die while texting or using a cell phone. Most car accidents happen because of the 5 seconds the driver takes their eyes of the road. If it only takes five seconds for something terrible to happen then people should not be spending their time texting or talking. Texting or talking on a handheld device makes a driver twenty three times more likely to have an accident. This means that texting is extremely dangerous for a driver and puts them at risk for injury. An estimated 421,000 people were injured in motor vehicle crashes involving a distracted driver. That is a large amount of people that have been injured. Texting in cars and trucks causes over 3,000 deaths and 330,000 injuries per year. These distracted drivers not only put themselves at risk but also all of those drivers and people around them.