Economic System
A country’s economic system consists of the structure and processes that it uses to allocate it’s resources and conduct it’s commercial activities.
Types of Economic Systems
- Centrally planned economy
- Mixed economy
- Market economy
Centrally planned economy
System in which a nation’s resources are owned by the government.
Origins: the ideology that the welfare of the group is more important than individual well being. (Karl Marx).
Decline: In the 80’s nations began to dismantle communist central planning in favor of market based economy.
Failures -economic value ,Provide incentives, Achieve rapid growth, Satisfy Consumer needs.
Mixed economy
Economic system in which resources are more equally divide between private and government ownership.
Origins: the idea that a successful system must be not only efficient and innovative but should also protect society.
Decline: mixed economies are converting to market system. (Privatization).
Market Economy
The majority of nations resources are privately owned. Economic decisions are determined by supply and demand.
• Origins: the belief that individual concerns should be placed above group concerns.
• Features: free choice, free enterprise and price flexibility.
• Governments role: enforcing antitrust laws, preserving property rights, providing a stable fiscal and monetary environment and preserving political stability.
Development of nations
The economic development is a measure of gauging the economic well being of one nation's people as compared with that of another nation’s people.
National development indicators:
- national production
- purchasing power parity
- human development
National Production
Gross national product: value of all goods and services produced by country during a one year period, including income generated by both domestic and international activities.
Gross domestic product: value of all goods and services produced by a country’s domestic economy over one year period.
GDP or GNP per capita: nation’s GDP or GNP divided by it’s population.
Purchasing Power Parity
Purchasing power: the value of all goods and services that can be purchased with one unit of a country's currency.
Purchasing power parity: is the relative ability of two countries’ currencies to buy the same “basket” of goods in those two countries.
Human Development
Human development index:
The measure of the extent to which a peoples needs (healthy life, education, decent standard of living) are satisfied and the extent to which this needs are addressed equally across a nation’s entire population.
Classifying countries
Developed: highly industrialized and efficient countries that have a high quality of life.
-USA,France, Italy, Canada..
Newly industrialized: recently increased the portion of it’s national production and exports from industrial operations ( emerging markets: developed + newly industrialized).
During the religious upheavals of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, one group of radical Protestants was known as Puritans because they wanted to “purify” the established Church of England. Essentially, their program called for a more complete protestantization of the national church, particularly insofar as church responsibility for individual conduct was concerned. Their reformist ideas threatened to divide the people and to undermine royal authorit...
gross domestic product – the total value of services and goods that were produced within the nation’s borders by the people in a course of one year, which excludes the income earned from abroad
Gross Domestic Product, measures the amount of goods/services produced within a border and translates it into monetary value. Each country has its own currency unit, so economists derived two methodologies in order to compare different GDPs. The first one is P.P.P. or Purchasing Power Parity; it compares GDP based on the national income in domestic market. Most goods in China are relatively cheap, so P.P.P boosts up China’s GDP. However, many experts are wary of this method; P.P.P estimates can be imprecise and misleading when comparing a developed country to a developing country (Forsythe). Consumer goods in a poor country tend to be cheap since its people don’t make a lot of money; if the goods are expensive, then the majority of the average Joe won’t be able to survive. The second, and more credible, method is the rate exchange method, which utilises the international market value. With this latter measure, “the United States’ economy remain nearly twice as big as China’s (Levi). Even if the rate exchange does show China’s GDP higher than the US’s, that alone does not prove that China is the better
In a study done by Grubb and Harrower (2009), they surveyed to find people’s reactions to three different types of rape. Rape by a stranger, date rape and seduction rape were in question. Their results indicated that male participants thought victims were to blame far more often than women believed. In the case of a “seduction rape,” both males and females attributed the blame to the victim, as well as in a stranger rape. But when it came down to it, 33 percent of men said they would rape someone if they could get away with it (The White House Council on Women and Girls,
Throughout the history of the world, discrimination in all forms has been a constant struggle, whether it is race, gender, religion, appearance or anything else that makes one person different from another, it is happening every day. One significant discrimination problem that is affecting many women takes place in the work place. As of recently the gender wage gap has become a major topic for discussion. The gender wage gap is the average difference between men and women aggregated hourly earnings. Women who are equally trained and educated, and with the same experience are getting paid way less than men. In 2015, female full time workers earned eighty cents for every dollar earned by men.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an Economic Barometer which has being widely used around global to determine whether the country’s economy is under recession or expanding. It is a great tool for the government in aiding on making critical economy decision whether to input more money or remain in constant.
...fute known assumptions about rape but this idea has persisted because it is easier to blame to victim. This can also been seen in anther statement made in the article “ the legal system has historically treated claims of rape with skepticism” (Flowe et al. 160). Women were supposedly known for claiming false accusations of rape and were; therefore, viewed as “promiscuous” and “inconsistent” (Flowe et al. 172). This deterred women from reporting their rape; also another deterrent was the process that they had to go to. Women had to publicly repeat intimate details of their story and sexual history to multiple people, undergo interrogations and be poked and prodded by doctors looking for evidence to support their claims. The system was not geared towards victims, but to protect perpetrators from false accusations.
Much of the research already done upon the topic of rape focuses only on the experience of the female rape victim and touches only very briefly upon the male perspective...
Within the criminal justice system, the victim faces re-victimization with the techniques that are done within the court room. For example, the defense attorney may try to use rape myths such as the victim asked for it based on the way she may have dressed, the victim led the offender on by flirting with them, and that she could have avoided being raped if she wasn’t drinking (Burgess, Regehr, & Roberts, 2013, p. 377). The purpose of using rape myths is to demonize the victim’s character by subjecting the victim to humiliating and inquisitive questions (Burgess, Regehr, & Roberts, 2013, p. 377). Third, the victim may not report rape to law enforcement because they may fear retaliation by the offender, especially if that offender is a lifelong partner or a boyfriend. Fourth, due to the culture of rape and the influences of the media, a victim may feel guilty and blame themselves for the assault (Burgess, Regehr, & Roberts, 2013, p. 377). As stated earlier, rape myths are used to demonize the victim’s character and ultimately take the blame away from the offender and put it onto the victim. In fact, rape myths serve to lessen the prevalence and seriousness of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services produced by factors of production within a country in a given period of time. It can be calculated using either the income, output, or expenditure method as illustrated on the circular flow of income diagram below.
Under this system, it allowed private economic freedom used capital and allowed the government to interfere in economic activities to achieve social aims. The price mechanism and regulated price operate will happen at the same time. The price mechanism is generally followed in consumer goods industries. When big shortage happened, prices will be controlled and public distribution system will be effective. There has both profit motive such as capitalism and social welfare. This is because public sector tries to reduce inequalities of economic and want to increase employment opportunities. Therefore, “the US economy is best described as a mixed economy, because even though it strongly advocates free market principles, it relies on the government to deal with matters that the private sector overlooks, ranging from education to the environment. The government has also helped nurture new industries and has played a role in protecting American companies from competition abroad. An example of this is the heavily subsidized agriculture industry in the US. Overall, the US has benefited from this combination”
Goodman would say. Race is a cultural concept. Physical differences can be explained by mutations, breeding, migration, and geography. What I found to be the biggest factor was first migration from central Africa to the rest of the world and the different environmental stressors to survive where they migrated, such as skin color which is what seems to be the largest definer of race. As humans moves to other areas of the earth that did not have such harsh heat they did not need the same amount of melanin in their skin anymore so skin color got lighter. Then when these people settle in the area they breed and have children that carry on the gene for lighter skin and other
Men can be raped by women, just as much as the opposite is true and this fact is ignored. Women are statistically less likely to be imprisoned for rape charges, and if charged, will go for fewer years than a man for the same case charges. The feminist movement has brought about a new, well-known saying, “No means No.” No matter the situation or circumstance, if someone says no, the consent has been withdrawn and the activity needs to stop. Rather than searching for physical evidence of rape, the community should concentrate on a person’s lack of consent to constitute whether an act is rape, “By constructing rape as any violation of any person’s nonconsent, feminist discourse broadened the meaning of rape to include a wider variety of situations (e.g., marital relationships) and to encompass acts that did not contain overt physical violence” (Chasteen 101). Rape culture covers all genders and sexualities, and the feminist antirape movement wants to heighten sexual
GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced within that territory during a specified period. GDP is used to measure a country’s wealth. Basic’s of life, food, etc. shelter and clothing is not likely available to most people in poorer countries. The.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of in a country’s output. The GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced by factors in within given period of time that located in the country doesn’t matter they are citizens or foreign-owned companies. Hence, the GDP is the best way to measure the country economy.