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The history of kodak essay
Kodak and the digital revolution
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Eastman Kodak and Fujifilm
History of Kodak
Eastman Kodak is one of the oldest companies in the world, being founded way back in 1888. It was founded in New York and is still headquarter there. Over the course of the last century and more, this company has been a leader in developing new technology in photographic film. It helped to lead the revolution toward new, innovative cameras and film technology during the 1960s and 1970s. The peak of the company’s success came in the 1970s, when it controlled more than ninety-percent of the market share for photographic film. Perhaps more indicative of its success as a company is the fact that instead of referring to things as “film,” many during that time referred to film by the company’s brand name of Kodak. Today, it has shifted its strategy away from film and more toward digital camera sales, which have surged as a result of the change in philosophy.
History of Fujifilm
Fujifilm has also been around for a long time, though the lengthy history of Kodak makes Fujifilm’s reign seem short. This Japanese company came about in 1934, and since that time, it has enjoyed success in a number of different markets around the world. Fuji’s track in the market has traced Kodak’s to some extent. While Kodak dominated the American market, Fujifilm has enjoyed a long run as almost the only Japanese producer that has had any success in this regard. The company now focuses its efforts primarily on digital film and the products to help people with digital film finishing. It recognized a few decades ago that the industry was shifting away from the old model, and it adjusted successfully. It has focused more and more one international expansion, knowing that it had already cornered the Japanese marke...
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...ividual approach, should make the decision that works the best for it. By doing this, the company would ensure that at all times, it was considering a perspective that was not all about making a profit right now. This can be a major issue for companies in the modern world, as they are under pressure to make profits immediately in order to satisfy owners and shareholders. This can compromise decision making if a company is not careful with itself.
References
Baron, D. P. (1997). Integrated Strategy and International Trade Disputes: The Kodak‐Fujifilm Case. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 6(1), 291-346.
Garcia, J. (2004). International Marketing Management and Exporting of Fujifilm.
Tsurumi, Y., & Tsurumi, H. (1999). Fujifilm-Kodak duopolistic competition in Japan and the United States. Journal of International Business Studies, 813-830.
To date, Warner Bro’s has over 6,500 feature films and around 3,000 television series that contains more than 10,000 episodes (“Company” par 5). Every great movie company has a background story to their success. What were then four brothers traveling with a movie projector turned into a successful movie company that has entertained crowds for generations (“Company” par 7). The vitaphone, the talkie, and the first four-legged movie star were introduced during the 1920’s, and helped define the Warner Brother company (Company par 6). Warner Brothers, a company created by four brothers during the 1920’s, revolutionized the film industry by modernizing the concept of cinematography (Company par 6).
2 Gustavon, Todd. Camera: A History of Photography from daguerreotype to Digital. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing, 2009
The history of Eastman Kodak begins George Eastman wanted to simplify photography, so that everyone can enjoy capturing special moments and just want to limit this craft to trained professionals. George Eastman started on this quest in 1878; he was one of the first to demonstrate the convenience of dry plates. With dry plates, photographers would be able to expose and develop pictures when they wanted or needed to which made it more convenient, dry plates then went into mass production the following year in 1879 (Kodak n.d.) From there George Eastman continued to find ways to get photography into the hand of the people. After his demonstration of dry plates he then went on to invent the first roll holder for negative film and in1885 he invented the first transparent photographic film known as “roll film” that we know today. After this invention in 1888 Eastman Company changed its name to Kodak and produced a camera that can be used by everyone but it wasn’t until 1900 when he introduced the first of the famous Brownie Camera’s that made it financially affordable for virtually everyo...
As cinematography was aimed for its peak in the 1920’s, opportunity was great as the film industry was subsidized, whic...
Among the film companies Kodak had the highest market share with 70%, far beyond companies like Fuji (11 %) and Polaroid (4 %) as well as private label (10 %) and other (5 %). (Exhibit "Market Share") However, Fuji´s global sales of $10 billion made it half Kodak´s size. Even though Kodak was the dominating brand, it faced the problem of a 6% decline in market share within the last five years and a 3% drop in sales in the last year. At the same time, Fuji´s and Polaroid´s sales grew more than 15% in the past year. This is closely linked to the four price tiers in the film market, namely, Superpremium brands, Premium brands, Economy brands and price brands. With prices ranging from $4,27 to $4.69 Fuji and Kodak are positioning themselves in the high price segment through their superpremi...
We often consider Sony’s Walkman or Apple’s Iphone as the last century’s greatest technology innovations, but the SX-70 has its place on the “World’s Greatest Innovation Products” shelf. The SX-70 made the front page of both Time and Life Magazine, and was according to Fortune Magazine, “one of the most remarkable accomplishments in industrial history. The project involved a series of scientific discoveries, inventions, and technological innovations in fields as disparate as chemistry, optics, and electronics.” (Fortune magazine, 1972). In 1974, 700 000 SX-70s were sold, and renowned artists such as Andy Warhol adopted the camera. The SX-70 was one of the first products that was entir...
American cinema has marveled audiences for over a century and during that timeframe there have been several advancements worthwhile of mentioning. The creation, introduction, and development of the camera is clearly one of the advancements which set the stage for films, beginning with the basic image to those utilizing multiple images in order to create movement. Then came the addition of sound into films which added another element for viewers to enjoy and finally the use of light to enhance the movement being displayed. For the most part, these techniques were rudimentary in nature until 1941 when the film Citizen Kane was released and forever changed the film industry. The remainder of this paper will analyze how Citizen Kane challenged traditional filmmaking techniques to revolutionize and benchmark the film industry for all production studios.
He became obsessed with photography and became the willing young pupil of two amateur photographers in Rochester. While reading the “British Journal of Photography” he was inspired to improve the dry-plate photography. In attempting to improve this method of photography, Eastman created a gelatin-based paper film and machine for coating dry plates. He sold these dry plates as his first business in 1880 while still working at the bank. Eastman’s career received a huge boost when a major photography supplier started buying from him. In 1881 he resigned from the bank after being passed over for a promotion he deserved. From there he hired William Hall Walker, a camera inventor and manufacturer, to design the Eastman-Walker Roll Holder. The Roll Holder allowed photographers to have paper film advanced through the camera instead of the bulky single plates. This was the basis for the first Kodak cameras. The name Kodak was first introduced by Eastman in December of 1887. In February of 1889, the first transparent flexible film, introduced by chemist Henry Reichenbach, became the center of Eastman’s world. Through the 1890’s Eastman and his company fell on hard times due to the demise of Reichenbach, but were soon lifted when Eastman introduced the “Brownie” camera, at a cost of one dollar, in 1900. This and the other successes of Eastman put his company at the front of the photographic
The first two films we viewed were Man with a Movie Camera and Nanook of the North. While these films were remarkable technical accomplishments for their time, they suffer from the limitations of their
Kodak, a world renowned photography company created in the late 1880s, had it share of woes (Bolman & Deal, 2008). According to Bolman and Deal (2008), one hundred years after the company’s creation, Kodak was in trouble due to high prices, low customer approval and low employee morale. Chandler, Kodak’s CEO, dramatically destroyed a wooden podium with a large blade to demonstrate that the company needed to fundamentally change its operation (Bolman & Deal, 2008). One of the changes made at Kodak was the restructuring of its black and white film department (Bolman & Deal, 2008). The black and white department created streams or sections to support and serve the department (Bolman & Deal, 2008). According to Bolman and Deal
The KODAK camera was introduced in 1888. It was the camera to become widely adopted by the public. It's box like design became the archetype for all cameras despite many different manufacturers. The use of roll film instead of glass plates, meant that these cameras were light and portable and could be used without the need for heavy wooden tripods to hold them steady. Before the Kodak was made available to the public, all photographers were responsible for
...hese events happen or minimize the negative impact when they happened. This will stabilize the distributable profit.
As any strategist can tell you, being anticipatory gives one a great competitive advantage. It is very important for businesses to complete a thorough analysis of any given situation in order to develop a solution. Picking the correct tool or technique is crucial to the success of a group searching for the best solution. There are important decisions being made each and every day. Some of these decisions will mean the difference of a corporation's success or failure and will effect the livelihood of those employed by or dependant on the corporation and its success. There are key questions that must be answered and obstacles anticipated in order to come up with the proper solution. Failure to make the right decision at the right time can mean losing business to a competitor and threatening the future of an organization. Tools and techniques for decision making help you to identify new opportunities, avoid being blindsided and turn potential threats into healthy prospects. There are many tools and techniques out there to pick and chose form. The choice is yours.
Therefore, to achieve this objective, managers have to make choices in decision-making, which is the process of selecting a course of action from two or more alternatives (Weihrich & Koontz; 1994, 199). A sound decision making requires extensive knowledge of economic theory and the tools of economic analysis, that are directly related in the process of decision-making. Since managerial economics is concerned with such economic theories and tools of analysis, it is very relevant to the managerial decision-making process.
Kodak’s competitive advantage began in black and white film products, even though the company did produce cameras and camera equipment as well. As the years progressed, Kodak “paid progressively less attention to equipment” and concentrated more on the development of colored film and photo-finishing processes (Gavetti et al, 2005). In the 1960’s, Kodak focused on growth in incremental modifications to photo equipment products, which lead to Kodak’s dominance over 90% of the film market and 85% of the camera market in 1976. Although competitors began to emerge, Kodak was satisfied with its achievement of $10 billion in sales. For much of its history, Kodak had been very successful. Kodak began to expand into other business lines in the 1980s and 1990s, acquiring Clinical Diagnostics, Mass Memory, and Sterling Drug. While Kodak dabbled in other business ventures, the scope of technology had dramatically increased, offering new players a chance at a changing market that no longer needed photographic film. Sony and Fuji were two such competitors that took advantage of this situation, steadily gaining market share in the digital film industry. While Kodak did develop innovative products in the early 1990s...