Ariel Nadler The Effectiveness of the Antibiotics, Gentamycin, Neomycin, and Streptomycin on the Escherichia coli Bacteria Introduction: Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a bacterium that is associated with food poisoning. Both in the medical community and the general public there are growing concerns about the health dangers that are associated with Escherichia coli. One major area of concern is its apparent resistance to certain core antibiotics. The bacterium Escherichia coli, is found in both foods and lakes. In terms of food it is mostly beef and dairy products, and sometimes in vegetables due to the fertilizer being partially cow feces. In terms of lakes, E coli can be in any of them. This bacterium causes humans to …show more content…
The slide was placed on a staining tray where the sample was stained using crystal violet. After a minute the sample was rinsed. After that Gram iodine was put on the sample and was rinsed again, after a minute. Following that a 95% alcohol/acetone was dropped on the sample until only a faint violet like color is seen. Immediately following that the slide was rinsed in order to prevent further destaining. Then the sample was covered with safranin for 45 seconds in order to restain the destained gram-negative bacteria making it have a purple-pinkish color. Following this the slide was rinsed and the sample was observed. Results: The bacterial lawn of Escherichia coli consisted of the antibiotic saturated disks, very few white dot like structures, which are probably colonies of the bacteria, and the zones of inhibition of each of the antibiotics as shown in Figure 1. Each zone of inhibition had a different diameter showing which antibiotic is more effective. Figure 1. The zones of inhibition produced by the antibiotic disks in E. coli bacterial lawn. (Top right: Gentamycin, Top left: Streptomycin, Bottom left: Neomycin, Bottom right: …show more content…
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The resistance to many antibiotics is a well-known property of bacterial biofilms. Biofilms are dense...
Acquired antimicrobial resistance generally can be ascribed to one of five mechanisms. These are production of drug-inactivating enzymes, modification of an existing target, acquisition of a target by-pass system, reduced cell permeability and drug removal from the cell. (Sefton) Also a bacterium that was once prone to an antibiotic can gain resistance through alt...
E. Coli is the bacteria that live in the intestines of animals. Most types of these bacteria are harmless provided that it is not very high levels. There are some types that can make you sick.
Bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics is a major problem not only for the United States, but worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) the cause is related to “widespread overuse, as well as inappropriate use, of antibiotics that is fueling antibiotic resistance”. According to World Health Organization (2013) resistance is a global concern for several reasons; it impedes the control of infectious diseases, increases healthcare costs, and the death rate for patients with resistant bacterial infections is twice of those with non-resistant bacterial infections.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has presented many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but overexposure to these drugs give the bacteria more opportunities to mutate, forming resistant strains. Through natural selection, those few mutated bacteria are able to survive treatments of antibiotics and then pass on their genes to other bacterial cells through lateral gene transfer (Zhaxybayeva, 2011). Once resistance builds in one patient, it is possible for the strain to be transmitted to others through improper hygiene and failure to isolate patients in hospitals.
Before I address this topic, it is essential that you know the following: an antibiotic is a medicine that inhibits the growth of, or destroys, microorganisms, antibiotic literally means “against life”; in this case, against microbes, and antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. Also, some drugs work against many organisms; these are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. Drugs effective against few organisms are called narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
C. difficile infection (CDI) is a dangerous healthcare-associated infection as well as a growing burden, especially with the appearance of more potent strains in the early 2000s. Clostridium difficile was initially identified as possessing the ability to initiate pseudomembranous colitis in the late 1970s. Asymptomatic colonization in healthy adults has been detected in only 3% of individuals, whereas the pervasiveness of such colonization among patients in long-term-care facilities is approximately 50%. People colonized with C. difficile act as a reservoir of contamination by infecting the environment with C. difficile spores, consequently leading to an increase of the pathogen on the hand...
Every year, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening more and more people. As much of a problem as it is, many people are not educated on the term drug resistance. Since it is such a growing concern, it becomes confusing as to why drug resistance is occurring and what can be done to prevent it. Because drug resistance is such a health problem, determining what it is, how these bacteria can acquire the antimicrobial agents, and the possible solutions to the resistance are the types of actions that need to be taken in order to have a better understanding of how truly powerful these drug resistant bacteria are.
Escherichia coli, also referred to as E.coli, is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium. It is about 1-3 micrometres long, and around 0.25 micrometres in diameter (Microbe Wiki. 2004). The bacterium is typically found within the lower intestine of the digestive tracts of warm-blooded organisms, including those of a human. (Zhang Lab. N/A)
Resistance develops as a result of natural selection. Due to continuous exposure, the bacterial organism changes its genetic make up and these bacteria with mutations will pass the trait that helps then survive antibacterial mechanisms to their offspring which will eventually become a fully resistant generation. Antibiotic r...
coli was first identified in 1975 but it was not until 1982 that the Center of Disease Control and Prevention knew what caused it. There are several different strains of E. coli. The one that I am going to focus on is Escherichia coli 0157:H7. This certain strain of E. coli is found in the intestines of cows. For every ten thousand people ate least three are affected. Which means that one percent of food poisoning cases is caused by E. coli. It is normally transmitted through food made from the animal itself. Things like raw milk or rare ground beef. E. coli symptoms appear slower than those of food-borne bacteria. The reason why is that the toxins of E. coli are produced in the large intestine. So you will start exhibiting symptoms normally in three days. You will have the cramps and diarrhea but after twenty-four hours’ blood may start to appear in your stool. This should last one to eight day. In some cases, E. coli victims can develop hemolytic- uremic syndrome, which will cause your kidneys to fail and then you will have to receive dialysis the rest of your
There are many different antibiotics on the market and each effects bacterial growth differently. Depending on which type of antibiotics are used, they work differently to affect the cell by either preventing the cell wall from forming properly, preventing protein synthesis, interfering with DNA synthesis and disrupting plasma and/or outer membrane function (Aziz, 2013). Different antibiotics need to be used for different strains of bacteria. Almost all bacteria can be either classified ...
Household bacteria have always been a problem. Millions of people each year get some sort of sickness from bacteria in their kitchen, bathroom, living room, etc. What if there were bacteria in your kitchen that could be deadly? This bacterium is called Escherichia coli. According to Oregon health Authority: “By one estimate, 10,000 to 20,000 E coli. Infections occur in the United States each year.” Many of us use disinfectants such as Clorox and Bleach every day but are these disinfe...
The Oregon Health Services. (2001). E. coli Fact Sheet. Retrieved January 14, 2010, from: http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/diseases/ecoli/facts.shtml#common
Knowledge of basic terms relating to antibiotic resistance is essential for a full understanding of the issue. A brief summary of bacteria, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance is incorporated below, as well as the history of antibiotics. Bacteria are small microorganisms that live everywhere on earth, with the exception of Arctic areas. Bacteria play a vital role in assisting with food digestion, nitrification, and decomposing dead organisms. Pathogens are bacteria that cause disease. Antibiotics are drugs that use microorganisms such as fungi and other bacteria to...