Introduction
Drag is one of the most fascinating concepts in the aviation industry today. Dating back to the late 1930s, near the World War II, the concept was given much importance since scientists were working on ways to make flight and aerial combat more effective. As time progressed, various methods to reduce drag were introduced since it can influence the future of aviation. Drag reduction methods have many positive ramifications like higher operational range, fuel consumption reduction, greater endurance, and higher achievable speed. For example, on the Concorde a one count drag increase (ΔCD = .0001) requires two passengers, out of the 90~100 passenger capacity, be taken off the North Atlantic run (Strang and McKinlay, 1979). In design studies, a drag decrease is equated to the decrease in aircraft weight required to carry a specified payload the required distance. Today, in configuring an aircraft, determining drag and drag reduction methods in the early phase of design can dictate the configurations for the aircraft. The drag projections have a huge effect on the projected configuration size and cost, and thus on the decision to proceed with the design (Hendrickson et al., 1997). The sizing of an aircraft can also influence the environmental issues of an aircraft. Reduced noise and air pollution can further help in reaching the target of a better environment set by the European Commission in 2001.
The drag breakdown of a civil transport aircraft shows that the skin friction drag and the lift-induced drag constitute the two main sources of drag, approximately one half and one third of the total drag for a typical long-range aircraft at cruise conditions (Reneaux, 2004). Skin friction drag can be determined by ob...
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...always be kept in mind during the preliminary design of an aircraft. The initial stages of design are very crucial as the stage determines the true capability of an aircraft. The reduction methods are important because of the various reasons. Lower fuel consumption, larger operational range and higher speed flight are some targets for some of the leading aviation industries. The only possible way to meet these requirements is by reducing drag. As mentioned earlier in the introduction, as how the Concorde’s drag increase cause 2 passengers to be taken out. The fuel consumption per passenger ration has to decrease. The initial stage of this target is by reducing the various types of drags and then concentrating on the operational range of the aircraft. Such a feat can only be achieved by finding the right balance between the different aircraft drag reduction methods.
Ever since I was little I was amazed at the ability for a machine to fly. I have always wanted to explore ideas of flight and be able to actually fly. I think I may have found my childhood fantasy in the world of aeronautical engineering. The object of my paper is to give me more insight on my future career as an aeronautical engineer. This paper was also to give me ideas of the physics of flight and be to apply those physics of flight to compete in a high school competition.
Boeing Ltd. has initiated a project that will improve the design aircraft. This design will provide a safer and more comfortable flight. In conjunction with this project, Batchel...
Following World War II and the jet engine technology that emerged largely toward its end, aerospace engineers knew well that the technology had great potential for use in the commercial aviation industry. The Comet was the first aircraft to utilize jet propulsion; however, its designers failed to consider the metallurgy of the aircraft’s materials under flight conditions or the consequences of their atypical window design. The aircraft was designed by Britain’s De Havilland Aircraft Company and entered service in May 1952. After a year of service, however, the design issues mentioned above resulted in the failure of several Comet aircraft. Extensive evaluations revealed that repeated pressurization stress on the aircraft’s main cabin had caused its structure to fail.
Many people are amazed with the flight of an object, especially one the size of an airplane, but they do not realize how much physics plays a role in this amazing incident. There are many different ways in which physics aids the flight of an aircraft. In the following few paragraphs some of the many ways will be described so that you, the reader, will realize physics at work in the world of flight.
Since the time of the World Wars and the Wright brothers, aviation has become a huge part of global society. The Orville and Wilbur Wright’s names will forever be remembered into United States history as the first men who were the first to fully realized human flight. Their successful invention of a working, powered airplane brought about whole new ways of wars, including new strategies for both offense and defense. Many technological advances might not have occurred without the need for new weapons and systems for airplanes. Travel and commerce would be much slower without the usage of airplanes. Orville and Wilbur have made a lasting impact on the world with their invention of a working, human-controlled, powered airplane; who knows what the world would be without it.
Travelling at a speed twice that of sound might seem to be something futuristic; however, this feat has already been achieved almost 40 years ago by the world’s only supersonic passenger aircraft-The Concorde. Concorde brought a revolution in the aviation industry by operating transatlantic flights in less than four hours. The slick and elegant aircraft with one of the most sophisticated engineering was one of the most coveted aircrafts of its time. However, this was all destined to end when Air France Flight 4590 was involved in a tragic disaster just outside the city of Paris on July 25, 2000. The crash killed 113 people, but more disastrous was its impact. The belief and confidence people had with Concorde gradually started to fade, and finally Concorde was grounded after two and a half years of the crash. Official reports state that the main cause of the crash was a piece of metal dropped by a Continental aircraft that flew moments before Concorde, but, over the last decade, the report has met a lot of criticism, and many alternative hypotheses have thus been proposed.
Why do I Dragster? A question that at first may sound really weird. This question actually asks why would you want to race C02 cars. First, to understand what this is, lets start with the Basics.
More cost-effective modes of space transportation are necessary to make further exploration possible. One new, cost effective design is the aerospace plane. These spacecraft are totally reusable and can take off and land like a normal plane (Booth 80). Anything reusable cuts costs. Many commercial spaceflight companies are interested in this design because so much money can be saved.
This paper will explain a few of the key concepts behind the physics of skydiving. First we will explore why a skydiver accelerates after he leaps out of the plane before his jump, second we will try and explain the drag forces effecting the skydiver, and lastly we will attempt to explain how terminal velocity works.
The trials and tribulations of flight have had their ups and downs over the course of history. From the many who failed to the few that conquered; the thought of flight has always astonished us all. The Wright brothers were the first to sustain flight and therefore are credited with the invention of the airplane. John Allen who wrote Aerodynamics: The Science of Air in Motion says, “The Wright Brothers were the supreme example of their time of men gifted with practical skill, theoretical knowledge and insight” (6). As we all know, the airplane has had thousands of designs since then, but for the most part the physics of flight has remained the same. As you can see, the failures that occurred while trying to fly only prove that flight is truly remarkable.
Introduction Plane crashes occur for a number of reasons. There seems to be a consensus with the general public that flying is dangerous, engines fail and planes crash. That is true sometimes, although the majority of plane crashes occur largely due to a combination of human error and mechanical failure. In many aviation accidents mechanical failure has been a contributing factor. It is impossible, however, to blame plane crashes on one reason, since events leading up to an accident are so varied.
Aviation industry deals with more than thousands of people and also spending millions of funds in order to meet the requirements, satisfy the necessities of people and to produce state-of-the-art aircraft. With its objective it is significant to consider the hazards involved and bring out an output with the least extent and under control risks to prevent any loss in terms of life and even profit.
Drag has been used as a way of healing for some, it allows an individual to create a new self of self and draw on their own strengths (Yee, 2011). By entering the world of Drag it is opening a world of possibilities for an individual, and allows them to make close relationships with others within the Drag world (Yee, 2011). This was the case for Yekaterina Petrovna Zamolodchikova, or Katya for short. Katya is a beautiful drag persona of Brian Joseph McCook (Runyon, 2017). Katya competed in seasons two and seven of RuPaul’s Drag Race, which is where she was able to make a large public appearance (Rudolph, 2016). During December 2016, Brain shared in an interview that he struggled with addiction, throughout his college years at Massachusetts College of Art and Design (Daw, 2018). Brain was quoted in an interview with Christopher Rudolph saying: “I’ve been through hell on meth, but I’ve also been up in the clouds, and that’s why you do it” (2016). Brain shared that he was scared of failing and he was using pills and meth to cope with his fear of failure.
In order to further decrease the number of airplane accidents stricter measures of evaluating an aircrafts operability prior to take off need to be implemented. Additionally, better training of pilots can also lead to a more preferable outcome should a problem arise as the pilot will be better equipped to handle an emergency.
The future of passenger aircraft and their manufacture has an amazing outlook. Every year, the brightest minds in aviation compile the greatest technological advances towards creating the safest and most economical aircraft on the planet. No detail is over looked, and the bottom dollar is the controlling factor. From private aircraft to public aircraft, space exploration and beyond, the future is bright for the passenger aircraft market, and everyone who purchases air travel should be excited to see how the industry unfolds. Let's kick this off!