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Effects of cte on football players
Case study of traumatic brain injury
An essay about chronic traumatic encephalopathy
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INTRODUCTION Moral courage is standing up for something one believes in, even when there are forces who oppose your opinion. In the case of Dr. Bennet Omalu and the discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in football players, the National Football League (NFL) did not want this information presented as it would pose a significant threat to the NFL’s continued success. Dr. Omalu stood by his research conclusions as the NFL worked to discredit him and his medical research. The Beginning Dr. Bennet Omalu was born in September, 1968 in Nnowka, Nigeria in the midst of the Nigerian Civil War. The war caused him and his family to flee and not return to their village, Enugwu-Ukwu, Nigeria for two years. Dr. Omalu’s father was a …show more content…
Omalu issue a retraction of the paper and alluded to the research being a misunderstanding of the medical literature of CTE of boxers (dementia pugilistica). Dr. Omalu and his colleagues drafted a response to the MTBI’s criticisms that stated they would be happy to collaborate with the NFL and the MTBI to develop an optimal research program regarding CTE. Others who also commented on the initial article for the most part backed Dr. Omalu et al in their position that this was the initial case and as stated more research was needed to solidify these findings. Dr. Omalu expressed his great frustration with the MTBI’s response in a later interview, especially regarding the issue that his research did not mention or allude to punch drunk syndrome. Subsequent CTE Research Justin Strzelczyk Justin Strzelczyk was an offensive lineman for the Pittsburgh Steelers who died in a fiery car crash at the age of 36 in 2004. Shortly before Strzelczyk’s death, he began complaining about depression and hearing voices he called ‘the evil ones’. “He was experiencing an apparent breakdown…when, during a 40-mile high-speed chase police chase…his pickup truck collided with a tractor-trailer and exploded, killing him instantly.” Dr. Omalu and a colleague received permission to examine Strezelczyk’s brain for signs of CTE. The examination showed red spots on his brain, or early signs of brain damage which was likely caused by persistent head trauma Strzelczyk sustained while playing football. Other doctors confirmed Dr. Omalu’s findings in this case. Terry
In July of 2010 in Miami, Florida, Richard Smith, a 79-year-old dialysis patient was admitted to the ICU after a dialysis appointment left him with severe shortness of breath. The following day after being admitted the patient complained of an upset and the doctor had prescribed him an antacid. Uvo Ologboride, the nurse taking care of Mr. Smith, gave him a deadly dose of a drug called pancuronium, which is a drug that induces paralysis, instead of the antacid. 30 minutes later the patient was found unresponsive, but they were able to revive him. Unfortunately when he was revived, he was left brain dead to which did not settle well with his family. When the patient son had came in he had found his father unconscious, unresponsive, and on a respirator. When looking over the chart to try and figure out what happened it had said his dad had just been resuscitated 10 minutes earlier and the nurse had pretty much told him to go and speak with the doctor. Upon speaking to the doctor he was told the nurse had given his dad the wrong medication which lead to his current state of his condition. The nurse was not able to be reached and spoken to about what happened on that fatal day but from what the doctor had explained was the nurse had grabbed a
He Appeals to Logos when he writes, “Over the past two decades it has become clear that repetitive blows to the head in high-impact contact sports like football, ice hockey, mixed martial arts and boxing place athletes at risk of permanent brain damage….Why, then, do we continue to intentionally expose our children to this risk?” He continues by writing, “If a child who plays football is subjected to advanced radiological and neurocognitive studies, there can be evidence of brain damage at the cellular level of brain functioning…. If that child continues to play over many seasons, these cellular injuries accumulate to cause irreversible brain damage, which we know now by the name Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy,” a disease founded by Dr.Omalu in 2002. C.T.E can cause “major depression, memory loss, suicidal thoughts and actions, loss of intelligence as well as dementia later in life.” C.T.E has also been linked to “drug and alcohol abuse as children enter their 20s, 30s, and 40s.” Dr.Omalu Appeals to Ethos when he writes, “As physicians, it is our role to educate” and “protect the most vulnerable among
A big part of the NFL’s hold on players is their contracts and money. Thousands of young men aspire to be on a professional team, just for the fame, money and title. They are not made aware of the lasting conditions that come with playing football and their everlasting effects. If anything, the NFL has gone out of their way to discredit the newer research that links playing football with CTE. CTE stands for chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which is a disease that has the same effects as dementia and Alzheimer’s, except that CTE leaves tau protein deposition in distinctive areas of the brain, which is what separates CTE from dementia and Alzheimer’s....
In Malcolm Gladwell’s article “Offensive Play” he writes about the effects of football, boxing, and dogfighting can have. The effects of these gathering events for the amusement of others can have a lasting toll for those that are going through it. Gladwell describes how the effect of contact to the head can have on the neurological system. He shows in his article that players that play in the league can suffer from brain damage that is similar to Alzheimer or dementia.
CTE is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which has not been found in football players until recently. It was stated in the episode, “Repetitive brain trauma starts this cascade of events in the brain that changes the way tau [protein] looks and behaves. It goes awry, it starts destroying the integrity of the brain cells.” Doctor Omalu’s discovery was the first hard evidence which proved playing football could cause permanent damage. This finding was not well received by the NFL and Omalu was met with attacks by the MTBI committee and the NFL as a whole.
A concussion is indeed a captivating, nonfictional book that explores the life and story of a thirty-four-year-old doctor, living in Pittsburg. He was born in Biafra, Nigeria, but went to study in America. Dr. Omalu is not a football fanatic until he stumbles upon the body of Mike Webster. He then strives to unleash what exactly happened to Mike Webster. It is the death of Mike Webster that leads to a series of scientific researches for Dr. Bennet Omalu. When Omalu performs an autopsy on Webster to find out what exactly kills him, he suspects that Webster did not die of a heart attack as earlier speculated, but rather due to a serious brain injury. He soon finds out that Webster’s brain is full of sludge- like proteins, called tau. The
One of the most serious public health concerns in modern-day boxing is the development of a progressive disease known as the Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) (aka “dementia pugilistica” or “the punch-drunk effect.”). It has been estimated that CTE occurs in 20% of professional boxers (Zetterberg et al, 2006). The theory behind the frequent occurrence of CTE in professional boxers is due to the accumulated effects of multiple head trauma to the brain (e.g., mild-concussions) which may lead to permanent and irreversible brain damage. It has been known that those professional boxers with more extensive history of boxing matches are more likely to experience severe CTE.
A. Background In recent years, there has been an increase in research investigating the long-term effects of repeated head trauma on the brain, especially in athletes. Following his discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Dr. Bennet Omalu inspired a movement of research aimed at establishing better safety standards and protocols in football. It was not until 2002 that the initial connection between repetitive head trauma, such as concussions, and brain injury was suspected (Ott, 2015). As common as concussions were during the late 1970s and 1980s, they were often swept under the rug, as they were seen as insignificant injuries.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease attributed to single, sporadic, or repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive hits (Baugh et al., 2012; Wortzel et al., 2013). This disease was originally referred to as dementia pugilistica, and nicknamed “punch drunk,” because individuals suffering from this disorder would present symptoms that were similar to someone’s mannerisms while being intoxicated (Wortzel et al., 2013). This “drunken” behavior is thought to be attributed to the cognitive, mood, and behavioral alterations as a result of the repetitive hits to the brain over an extended period of time. Because individuals suffering from this disease are often exposed to conditions that allow them to sustain blows to the head multiple times, the populations most often examined in these studies are athletes (football, boxing, rugby) and/or individuals in the military (McKee et al., 2009). Individuals can be symptom free for several years (Baugh et al., 2012).
The only result from the testing consistent with a brain injury was the abnormal pupil response of the right eye (constriction) (Traumatic brain injury, 2015). The physical effects that could have pointed to a brain injury were the laceration to the right side of the gentleman’s head and the amount of blood loss. The complaints from the patient that may have insisted a brain injury included a severe headache, dizziness, and nausea (Traumatic brain injury, 2015).
In 2005 Dr. Bennet Omalu first discovered CTE In the Brain Of the retired player Mike webster, after he passed in 2002, at the age of 50. However CTE has been identified, there is no way to diagnose it in living individuals. In a study done by the National Institutes of Health, and the Concussion Research Funding, they came to the conclusion that, “Current tests cannot reliably identify concussions, and no technique reliably differentiates individuals who will recover quickly, suffer long-term symptoms, or develop chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)” (NIH, NFL, and Concussion Research Funding). Therefore, currently there is no way to treat or identify whether or not a person has CTE officially until they have died. Doctors only way of identifying if a person has CTE is to diagnose based off their symptoms. CTE symptoms vary based on the severity of the case, However according to researchers at the CTE Center at Boston University School of Medicine; “CTE is associated with “memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, impulse-control problems, aggression, depression, and, eventually, progressive dementia” (Karaim). Theses Symptoms have a dramatic effect on the everyday lives of the people that have CTE. With nearly anywhere from 1.6 million to 3.8 million concussions occur each year, leading professional athletes and
Moral courage, as defined in ADRP 6-22, is the willingness to stand firm on values, principles, and convictions. It enables all leaders to stand up for what they believe is right, regardless of the consequences. Leaders, who take full responsibility for their decisions and actions even when things go wrong, display moral courage. In most cases, one who displays moral courage is usually taking a stand against something that they know is wrong. Normally, it is not the popular decision. With physical courage, the fear factor is usually physical where with moral courage it is psychological. Often, a display of physical courage makes you the hero, while the same display with moral courage sometimes makes you appear to be the villain.
One of the earliest players to bring awareness to brain traumas was Mike Webster, a former Pittsburgh Steeler. In April of 1999, he claimed to be disabled with the NFL Retirement Board. He also had dementia which was a result of the brutal hits he endured during his football career. Webster ran into many problems at the e...
Should the fear of brain trauma, change the rules of sports for good? Athletes have been susceptible for brain injuries since contact sports were invented. Although some are familiar with this, many people are unaware of the long term ramifications that often come with these types of injuries. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, (ALS) is a disease that is slowly plaguing our nation, starting with athletes. It is one of the fatal repercussions of repetitive head trauma, that is often overlooked. CTE, also known as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is also a disease caused by head trauma that can drastically impact one’s life. CTE’s have a subset of different associated diseases such as Alzheimer's, Dementia, Parkinsons, and Huntingtons disease.
Stocchetti, N., Pagan, F., Calappi, E., Canavesi, K., Beretta, L., Citerio, G., … Colombo, A., (2004). Inaccurate early assessment of neurological severity in head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(9), 1131-1140. doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1131