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Migration and development with regards to Africa are two interdependent processes. In the hopes of diversifying their sources of income through development, people become mobile by seeking better living conditions, education and more advanced labor markets. Migration allows goods, services, skills and labor to be spread across Africa this is a positive thing in terms of the continents development as it becomes more productive.
Today climate change and the fearsome competition for land, has made rural life in Africa critically unsustainable and borderline to poverty because of declining productive resources. As more African countries begin to industrialize and it’s agricultural sectors decline, urbanization rates have begun to accelerate. These migrants, who are normally low skilled/unskilled, are moving from the rural areas to urban areas in the hopes of securing a job and experiencing the glamorous big city life. However this reality is flawed, a mass rural urban migration has had a negative impact on development. Rapidly growing populations in urban areas has put pressure onto African authorities that are now struggling to accommodate everyone through social services jobs and education.
About 20 percent of the migrants in Africa are refugees. Briefly exploring some of the consequences and impacts generated by this sort of displacement include psychological and gender issues, inequality, social fractionalization and violence. Refugees’ adopt survival skills that often have negative impacts on both them and their hosts. Sexual exploitation, violation of their human rights, illegal and unsustainable farming are all examples of situations these African migrants might experience including resorting to theft, substance abuse, relia...
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... allows these migrants to gain access to foreign natural resources, goods and services. Accumulation of wealth over time enables these international African migrants to provide financial resources in the form of remittances to their country of origin. Rural households may become heavily dependent on remittances and unexpected events such as a global financial crisis would result in higher rates of unemployment especially amongst migrant workers, therefore decreasing the flow of remittances. On the other hand remittances may provide capital for entrepreneurs, so Africans may sometimes diversify their sources of income from initially receiving remittances. Research shows that remittances impact the typical African individual more effectively and that remittance flows better stability than both investments and foreign aid to Africa during the most recent global crisis.
Sudan, which is located in northeast Africa, is ranked number 190 based on the amount of migrants per thousand people with a total of -4.44 migrants per thousand people. For roughly 12 years (from 2001-2013), Sudan has faced many challenges that push it’s people out of the land and pull them towards other places. These factors are known as push and pull factors. Even though there are many challenges that come with immigration, the results are more rewarding than what they would have been in Sudan. After migrating out of Sudan, these Sudanese migrants also face long-term consequences because of their decision to move.
Migrations have taken place by slaves and by free people of sub-Saharan Africa for over seventy thousand years, beginning with the tropical areas of the Old World and followed by Eurasia and the Americas. These migrations, or Diasporas, began with religious voyages and cultural exchanges and evolved to the slave trade and the deportation of black men, women and children to new colonies as workers and servants. Long before the Atlantic slave trade grew, merchants from Greece and the Roman Empire traveled to the East African coast. Patrick Manning points out in, African Diaspora: A History Through Culture, that migrants came from southern Arabia to Eretria and Ethiopia in the first millennium BCE (Manning 36). As time went on, contacts grew with other regions of Africa and trade developed with Asia and Europe. This resulted in further migrations of black Africans as both slaves and free men. The Africans brought with them customs, music food preparation techniques and minerals. For example, the discovery of copper in Central Africa brought about a substantial trans-Saharan trade and more exchange of culture and migrations. As more Africans migrated to various parts of the world, they carried with them their culture and learned new techniques and ways of life. Whether they migrated as slaves or as free men, the Africans influenced their new lands and African identity was influenced forever. This paper will look at the effects of these migrations on African identity throughout the Diaspora. It will examine migration patterns, issues of race, racial hierarchy and culture.
Priscilla. “The World Economy and Africa.” JSpivey – Home – Wikispaces. 2010. 29 January 2010. .
Migration is the spread of human beings from one location to another in hopes of staying there permanently. North America is a product of Migration being that the entire population once migrated here from other countries or continents. With this being said, all of the humans walking on North American soil has ancestors from another place on earth. Push and pull factors are the two different reasons for motivating a person(s) relocation, which is what drove many people to North America. Push factors are are the motivation to move people away from a location and pull factors are those that attract them to the new location. Globalization is a process that involves the mixing of people, corporations and governments of separate nations. Globalization is directly connected to migration because it is actually the beginning of the mixture of culture and religions many years ago.
Refugees have two basic choices. They can return to their home country, or they can try to settle in another country. Most refugees, however, cannot return home because conditions in their native country have not changed sufficiently to eliminate the problems from whi...
Some people may find migration to not be such a good thing because it takes up lots more jobs, migrants could be exploited, the sudden increase in population could put a lot of pressure on public services ,and ease of movement may increase organised crime and people trafficking. Some people also think that migration is good because host countries are enriched by cultural diversity, economic growth can be upheld, and failing schools can be transformed because of the migrants seeking education.
According to the 1951 Refugee Convention, refugee is a term applied to anyone who is outside his/her own country and cannot return due to the fear of being persecuted on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership of a group or political opinion. Many “refugees” that the media and the general public refer to today are known as internally displaced persons, which are people forced to flee their homes to avoid things such as armed conflict, generalized violations of human rights or natural and non-natural disasters. These two groups are distinctly different but fall ...
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another within a country, or from one country to another for different reasons. In developing countries, many people consider migration as the only option to improve their livelihoods (ILO, 2011). Even though people have always been migrating the contemporary situation shows that the number of people living outside their country of origin has dramatically increased than the previous times. This makes human trafficking is one form of migration, and migration is a response made by persons to cope up with different economic, socio-cultural, and political crises (Hailemichael, 2014). As Omer (2015:75) discussed in his work, migration, and trafficking are interlinked, traffickers often exploit the processes by which individuals migrate. Likewise, trafficking becomes one aspect of illegal labor migration (Gudetu, 2014). Although migration is as old as time immemorial, human trafficking is the worst form of it that has shown a dramatic increment from time to time (Yemataw, 2015). This fact enables both illegal migration and human trafficking to be the same face of two coins.
According to Raghavan (July 2017), due to the political instability in many of the countries, it caused many to be sold by the smugglers and now locked in crowded facilities. For instance, the author notes a testimony of a 25 year-old man from Sierra Leone who states how he was beaten while on the phone so that his parents could hear him cry. The kind of pain experienced by the immigrants in the country presents a group of people who are desperate with nothing left but pain. Libya is the best and quickest way of finding one`s way into Europe. For many, this is an opportunity of finding a way out of their poverty by going to Europe. The smugglers take this advantage and in turn sell many of them as goods rather than treating them as human
This section will provide the theoretical framework to examine remittance effects. First, conceptual definition of remittance, second section will examine theories of remittance; third section will discuss the determinants of remittances, both at a microeconomic and macroeconomic level and in section four remittances and economic growth: empirical evidence for economic growth will be discussed.
Africa has had a long and tumultuous road of colonization and decolonization the rush to colonize Africa started in the 17th century with the discovery of the vast amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber with colonization hitting a fever pitch during World War I. However, the repercussions of colonization have left deep wounds that still remain unhealed in the 21st century. Early on, European nations such as Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium scrambled for territories. Countries wanted land so they could harvest the resources, increase trade, and gain power. The European colonization of Africa brought racism, civil unrest, and insatiable greed; all of which have had lasting impacts on Africa.
Orozco, M. (2002). Worker Remittances: the human face of globalization. Multilateral Investment Fund of the Inter-American Development Bank: Inter-American Development Bank.
Migration and settlement are two key elements to the evolution of the humankind. They are connected, yet separate because they simultaneously work to evolve the human race while accomplishing different goals. Therefore, the values of both migration and settlement lie in different corners of evolution of humankind. Due to the fact that the value of migration lies in only the physical transfer of people, culture and ideas while the value of settlement lies in the actual assimilation of people, culture, and ideas, settlement bears a slightly larger value in the advancement of humankind.
Urbanization is defined as “the demographic process whereby an increasing share of the nationalpopulation lives within urban settlements.”1Settlements are also defined as urban only if most oftheir residents derive the majority of their livelihoods from non-farm occupations. Throughouthistory, urbanization has been a key force in human and economic development.2According to the UN population bureau (2010), Africa’s population reached more than 1 billionin 2009, of whom around 40% lived in urban areas. It is expected to grow to 2.3 billion by 2050,of whom 60% will be urban. This urbanization is an important challenge for the next fewdecades. According to several research papers and reports, Africa’s urbanization was, in contrastwith most other
International migration for many people and it does not matter which country or city in which they reside they have similar reasons. Such as a better way of life for themselves and their family, their current living conditions, better employment opportunities and even something as simple as having food to fed their families. As our text and history shows the war is one of the main components which lead to people leaving their country’s or homes like the Out of Ireland film as to how and why the Devereux family’s land and home were taking way when the English invaded their territory and conquered their land and made it their own. They situation