Diversity and Distribution of Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is a genus of hardwood evergreen forest trees, and is the most conspicuous element of Australian vegetation. Its members constitute 95 percent of the continent's forests and are the dominant trees of Australia's woodlands (Kelly 1969). It is an extremely diverse group, with approximately 500 named species and subspecies and nearly 200 described hybrid varieties (Blakely 1965). The genus is overwhelmingly endemic to the Australian mainland and Tasmania. Only seven species occur naturally outside the continent, mostly on the islands of Papua/New Guinea and the Indonisian island of Timor, and only two of these species are not represented on the Australian continent. Eucalyptus is classified in the family Myrtaceae and is a member of the mostly endemic, 26-genera subfamily Leptospermoideae (Beadle 1981).
Eucalypt Diversity
The foundation of this genus' great diversity is simply its ability to adapt and to produce species suitable for various environmental conditions. Eucalypts are quite hardy and have successfully adapted to a wide range of conditions. For example, the snow gums (Eucalyptus niphophila, E. pauciflora, and others) inhabit altitudes of 5-6000 feet and can therefore withstand exposure to intense cold, heavy snowfalls, and high winds characteristic of the shallow-soiled Australian Alps. At the other extreme, in the arid, parched deserts of the interior, eucalypts are restricted to watercourses and sheltered depressions where sufficient moisture allows survival during long periods of drought. Amidst these two extremes, eucalypts occur in both tropical summer-rainfall and cool temperate winter-rainfall regions. They occupy dry and wet sites, including swamps. They...
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An adaptation is the characteristic of an organism that makes it likely to survive. There are three types of adaptations: structural, physiological, and behavioural. Structural adaptations are physical features, physiological adaptations are related to the internal body functions, while behavioural adaptations refer to how organisms respond to stimuli (Beavis 2014). This paper will discuss some adaptations that help koalas and eucalyptus trees survive in their environments.
Epiphytes fill important ecological niches in variety of habitats. Epiphytic species can exist as 50% of the tree leaf mass and make up 30% to 50% of vascular plant diversity in tropical forests (Benzing 1990). It is thought that the epiphytic diversity in tropical forests allows an increased fauna diversity. Epiphytic species, while not agronomically important, play intricate roles in ecology.
Wilhite, L.P., and J.R. Toliver. 1990. Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Baldcypress. P. 563–572 in Silvics of North America, Vol. 1: Conifers, Burns, R.M., and B.H. Honkala (tech. coords.). Agricultural Handbook 654. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
The taiga is also known as boreal forest and is mainly distinguishable due to its abundance of carnivorous forests that are primarily made up of conifer or cone-bearing trees (NP, UC Santa Barbara). Three of the four most common conifers are evergreens, namely spruce, fir, and pine. The fourth conifer is the tamarack, also known as the larch, which is a deciduous tree. Other types of deciduous trees that can occasionally be found in the taiga include oak, birch, willow, and alder trees. The taiga does not feature a wide variety of plant life in comparison with other biomes due to its harsh climate; thin, acidic, and nutrient-lacking soil; and rocky terrain.
The communities of various native plants have been significantly minimized as a result of ...
In the end it is the supervisors job to make sure his soldiers are meeting the standards of the Army. A supervisor should know all of the programs the Army has to offer. The overweight program should be at the top of a supervisors list. If a supervisor does not know the Army Body Fat Composition Program; it will not work and will be useless.
[1] “Mixedwood Plains.” Canadian Ecozones. Toronto: n.p., n.d. N. pag. TDSB Online Library School Sites. Web. 13 Dec. 2013. .
In Act II Hale, in his true moral values which do not change throughout the course of the play, goes to each house questioning the inhabitants on their loyalty to Christianity. He winds up at the Proctor home, where he questions both John and Elizabeth, who are angry at the reasoning of the questioning. They find out that he has questioned Rebecca Nurse as well and this anger...
Before the Salem Witch Trials even occur and even early in the proceedings, Reverend Hale arrives in Salem with a concrete commitment to authority. He comes to Salem with a determined objective to investigate the situation and to use his expertise in witchcraft to aid the people of Salem in their bedlam. He is not only considered an expert in witchcraft, but he also considers himself an expert in witchcraft. With an air of pride, Reverend Hale places a certain emphasis on doing things in a precise and respectable manner. He relies heavily on the power of the written word and pays no heed to superstition. For example, when Reverend Parris comments on how heavy the books must be that Reverend Hale is carrying, Reverend Hale shows his resolute conviction for the written word by replying, "They must be; they are weighted with authority" (36). Reverend Hale believes that the written word, whether it is in books, or written as the law, has such a heavy weight as an authoritative voice in society.
P.Wellman, Ian McDougal,(1974),Cainozoic igneous activity in Eastern Australia, Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU Canberra, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,pg 52
At times that are difficult for people, people can change. For example, such as conflicts with people that they know has changed people, on the inside and on the outside. Such possibility is probable, such as the Salem Witch Trials, which was a serious time. When the trails came, they acted differently, some resulted to be more justified and some that was immoral. Throughout the book, we see the overall actions of Rev. Hale, a man who remains neutral; Rev. Parris, a man that wants to keep his reputation; and John Proctor, a man that tries to keep his honor, was resulted from the results of the witch trials.
The novel The Stranger was written by Albert Camus in 1942. The story is an example of how Camus perceives the world with his views. Camus’s views are that moral actions do not have any justification. Camus is considered an existentialist which means that he didn’t believe life had a specific meaning. Many of his beliefs are seen in this novel, as well as his other works. His beliefs began to form during his experience of World War II and after the terrors of the war; many other people believed that the human existence had no meaning. The Stranger could be classified as an existentialist novel because the protagonist of the story, Meursault, also seems to have existentialist beliefs. Meursault is a character that is very out of touch with the world. His attitude and morals were not accepted by the people of the society in the story, which leads to his death sentence.
a) The Daintree rainforest at Cape Tribulation, in far north Queensland is diverse in many ways. It holds 12 of the 19 primitive plant families in the world (Cairns Today, 2007). The forest covers an area of 1100 square kilometres and is approximately eighty kilometres wide. This dense and luxuriant rainforest has the greatest diversity than any other in Australia and many in the world. The Daintree is also the home of rare and threatened of being extinct plant and animal species. The importance of this ecosystem is the very high. This ecosystem contributes to the overall health of this plant in many ways. The diversity contributes in the breakdown of pollution and helps to control the climate to name a few. This rainforest also is a great ‘carbon sink’. It has many photosynthesising plants and this allows the control of carbon dioxide (CO2). The plants take in the CO2 from the atmosphere and return oxygen (O2)
The World Wildlife Fund stated that Australia contains fragments of tropical forests that 15 million years ago may have spanned both Australia and Antarctica. The scattered rainforests contain features of all forest categories, resulting in an assortment of plant communities that are extremely diverse. Over seven hundred species of plants and animals are scattered throughout the forest (Queensland Tropical Forests, 2015). Over time invasive species have slowly made a foothold in the Queensland tropical forest; an invasive species is an animal or plant that is not native to the area, and could possibly cause economic and environmental issues (Invasive Species, 2015). Sadly all of that biodiversity could change because usually
Turner, S., & Schwarz, A. M. (2006). Management and conservation of seagrass in New Zealand: an introduction. Science for Conservation, 264, 1-90.