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The adolescent brain article review
The adolescent brain article review
Adolescent brain development essays
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A major concern in the world today is the brain development of adolescents who have abusive parents. Many studies have gone into the research of adolescent’s brain development during these challenging times. However, there has not been a considerable amount of research when talking about non-abusive parenting behavior on brain structure in adolescents. Environmental influences during this period of an adolescents’ life impact the way that the brain develops over time. In the article, Observed Measures of Negative Parenting Predict Brain Development during Adolescence, they aim their study to investigate the association between aggressive and positive parenting behaviors on brain development from early to late adolescence.
The environment that children are surrounded by could play a major key on the development of psychopathology later in life. In this study, researchers state that negative, harsh or punitive parenting and lower levels of positive will ultimately cause child emotional and behavioral problems that continue into adolescence and adulthood. In addition, this study will examine the effects of negative and positive
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Second, they investigated the effects of parenting behaviors on brain development using a whole-brain vertex-wise approach. The researchers then investigated how brain changes associated with parenting were in turn related to adolescent functioning. The researchers came up with a hypothesis that lower frequency of aggressive maternal behavior, and a higher frequency of positive maternal behavior, would predict an exaggeration of the normal pattern of growth of cortical thickness, particularly in the prefrontal regions. Another hypothesis they came up with was that the neurodevelopmental patterns associated with parenting will, in turn, be associated with behavioral functioning during late
A great deal of people try to blame the children's parents, friends, and society on why the child is awful, but no one can ever look at a child when they are first born and say, “That child is bad.” (Goldhill 1) They cannot do that simply because there is no proof of how that child will turn out when the child grows up. The biggest influence on the child is the child itself. The
The development of personality and identity formation has been greatly influenced by Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Erikson suggested that all humans experience eight major stages of psychosocial development throughout their lifetime (Sigelman & Rider, 2012). Each of these stages has general age ranges and learning tasks that must be completed in order to move to the next developmental stage with successful outcomes. During each stage a conflict occurs; consequently, the successful or unsuccessful resolution of this conflict will result in differences in personality development and will have lasting effects on the remaining stages of development. When a conflict occurs during a particular stage of development, this is most often due to a change in personal needs and social demands and will result in a crisis (Ochse & Plug, 1986). A crisis is a critical point in each stage of development and will have positive and negative impacts on future development.
As every child grows up in a different environment, not all have a safe one to grow up in and as a result everything that surrounds them becomes apart of the clarity that their mind incorporates and becomes apart of that child 's behavior of way. In terms of brain development children or teens often listen, and see what is around them, it is also said, by researchers of the National Institute of Health, that in recent studies that were made that in teen years massive loss of brain tissue...
...e personally. As I have mentioned previously, I have always had a challenging relationship with my mother. I felt like nothing I did was good enough, and the things I did accomplish were dismissed to the point where I felt like my life was nothing of importance. Why I was so fixated on my mother’s approval is a discussion for another paper, but according to such social contingencies result in the child’s oscillation between emotional inhibition and extreme emotional reac- tivity. In support of these proposals, research has found that parental punishment or minimization of emotional expres- sion is correlated with children’s proneness to frequent or in- tense negative emotions (e.g., Eisenberg, Fabes, & Murphy, 1996) and low socioemotional competence (e.g., Jones, Eisenberg, Fabes, & MacKinnon, 2002).
Talge, N. M., Neal, C., & Glover, V. (2007). Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3/4), 245-261.
Becoming a parent is one of the greatest gifts in the world. Parents are given the opportunity to mold and shape their child into the image they desire. When that gift is tarnished by abusing the child, it can lead to devastating effects. Child abuse and child neglect both are an issue affecting children all over the world (Blair, McFarlane, Nava, Gilroy, & Maddoux, 2015). Children who experience abuse may exhibit a defective mental psyche that remains present way after the physical scars have
Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that behavior patterns and personality are established during the early formative years. Research suggests that, when children come from unhealthy backgrounds, such as dysfunctional, abusive homes, they are much less likely to develop adequately physically, academically, and emotionally. There is usually an
The complex exchange between parents and adolescence offers the prospect to influence the child regularly. Parenting styles figures in as a prime part of a child’s mental health and behaviour. Parenting refers to the parent’s actions and reactions to their child, including expectations, beliefs and values. Diana Baumrind (1971, 1991), psychologist, based parenting on two aspects including control and warmth. Baumrind used the combination of these aspects in different ways to identify the four styles of parenting used today, consisted of, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Authoritarian parenting, the strictest parenting style, is the method in which parents display little warmth and are highly controlling. These parents are disciplinarians who use restrictive and punitive styles. They insist that adolescent follow parental directions, rules, and standards, which are not debatable with the adolescent. Parenting has been proven to influence the child’s mental health (Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2008; TVO Parents, 2013; Borkowski, 2000; Pickhardt, 2010; Maccoby, 1983). Also, based on plenty of research, children with authoritarian parents have found to show patterns of similar behaviour and mental health (Bierman & Smoot, 1991; Casas ed al., 2006; Hart et al., 1998; Dekovic &Janssens, 1992; Kopko, 2007; Dewar, 2010-2013; Underwood et al, 2009; Coloroso, 1997). The authoritarian parenting approach to child rearing negatively shapes the mental health and behaviour of children. (Thesis or no)
... given to them are building blocks in the child’s progressing personality. Parental warmth promotes positive social, giving the child a sense of trust, security and control over their situation and environment. (Schofield et al., 2008) When the behavior of the parent is hostile or unfeeling toward their child, the child may develop a lessened self esteem and introverted personality traits. With this being said it is blaringly apparent that the personality of the parent and the manner in which a parent’s personality is projected toward the child can either positively or negatively a child’s growing personality. Children are likely to emulate the behaviors and personalities of their caregivers or parents that bring about positive outcomes in their daily lives. Both fathers and mother provide equal roles in children’s social growth, self esteem and sense of self worth
This disruption can further lead to further developmental issues such as behavioural problems. This negative interaction during childhood can have continual physical, intellectual, and psychological consequences that may be evident in later periods of life for the individual. However, the different ways in which children react to experiences also needs to be noted, as not every child reacts in the same way. Genes and experience both play important roles in the way a child’s reaction to abuse and neglect. An individual who experienced maltreatment as a child, may not necessarily have developmental or attachment issues and actually develop normally.
For example, kids that grew up in a lovely and caring environment may see the world as a good and safe place. Our adult behavior reflects what we experience during our childhood. If a child had a father that would beat their mother, they're most likely to become an abuser towards people or a bully in school. Grown-up kids who had been abused or raped in their childhood, their emotions and life will be affected when they grow up and they're most likely to not being able to control their emotions. Parents play an important role in their kid's life, actually a big percentage of the education we receive as a child is the reason for our adult behavior. Parental relationship may alter a child's intimacy with others as an adult. When it comes to the essentials that are best to the development of a child and emotional well-being, a good parenting is important. On the contrary, hurtful and traumatic events in the childhood will cause them to grow up with low self-esteem, feeling worthless or hopeless and those experience will stay with them for the rest of their
Although the brain is mainly developed through genetics, the brain is also qffected by it's surroundings and childhood experiences (Tomoda,5280). Verbal abuse being usually a frequent
... exposed to abusive environments show delays or restrictions in their physical growth as well as in their mental development (Smith, 1975).
Parenting style also affects the environment of the child, particularly on an emotional level. According to Baumrind’s theory on parenting styles, parents should be high in responsiveness and demandingness (1973). The social learning theory supports this and parents should be aware that they should “use clear, consistent, non-hostile guidance and discipline technique” (Fisher, Burraston, & Pears, 2005). A clear relationship has been seen with the responsiveness and attentiveness of a parent and the stress levels of a child. In a study done by Gunnar and Fisher, parents were tested for responsiveness and sensitivity to the child several times as the child aged. The children were later tested and found to have greater levels of cortisol, which is a hormone released in response to stress (2006).
I always believed that you could see the effects of bad parenting, by studying the youth of today opposed to the youth of sixty years ago. The effects of bad parenting can be measured in many different ways. One of the things that we all forget about is “lead by example”. What we as adults, teach our children, is what our future generations will be as people.