A tall building or high-rise building is a building whose height creates different conditions in the design, construction and use than those that exist in common buildings of certain region and period[3]. The tallness of a building is a matter of a person’s or community’s circumstance and perception therefore, a measurable definition of a tall building cannot be universally applied. Tall building structures frame requires special structural arrangements, if they are subjected to appreciable lateral loads such as high wind pressures and earthquake loadings. In modern era, tall buildings structures are in great demands because of the following reasons which are as follows :
Scarceness of land in urban areas
Greater demand for business and
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Outrigger systems functions by tying together two structural systems- typically a core system and a perimeter system- to yield whole structural behaviors that are much better than those of componenet system.
The benefits of an outrigger system lies in the fact that building deformations resulting from the overturning moments get reduced, on the other hand greater efficiency is achieved in resisting forces. Outrigger engages the perimeter columns in lateral load resisting action which would otherwise acts as a gravity load resisting elements.
Outrigger system performance is affected by outrigger locations through the height of the building, the number of levels of outrigger provided, their plan locations, outrigger truss depths and the primary structural materials used[2].
Generally outriggers take the form of trusses when made of steel, and walls when made of concrete, as they are to transmit substantial loads along the building in order to mobilize a tension-compression couple in outer columns, outriggers are often position at several heights and tend to be at least two stories high, both to insure structural solidity and to minimize view obstruction from within the
The minimization of the load occurs through the site orientation of the building and the R-values of the materials used. Although the site is constrained by the historic pattern of the street and houses that are currently there, the building is still able maintain interior temperatures in the ...
According to Suspension bridges: Concepts and various innovative techniques of structural evaluation, “During the past 200 years, suspension bridges have been at the forefront in all aspects of structural engineering” (“Suspension”). This statement shows that suspension bridges have been used for over 200 years, and that people are still using them today because they are structurally better bridges. This paper shows four arguments on the advantages of suspension bridges, and why you should use one when building a bridge. When deciding on building a suspension bridge, it has many advantages such as; its lightness, ability to span over a long distance, easy construction, cost effective, easy to maintain, less risk
From the laws of physics, we know that F = ma and a = F/m. This means that when an external force is applied to a system, such as wind pushing on a skyscraper, there has to be an accleration. Consequently, the people in the skyscraper would feel this acceleration. In order to make the occupants of the building feel more comfortable, tuned mass dampers are placed in structures where the horizontal deflections from the wind's force are felt the greatest, effectively making the building stand relatively still.
...ad to use cantilevers which were beams anchored at only one end. These beams carry the load to support where the force is concentrated by a moment and shear stress. Fallingwater indeed was a revolutionary structure due to the fact that it had many unique aspects. From how famous the house became, Fallingwater was featured on the cover of Time magazine, in 1938.
Gunel, M. Halis. Ilgin H. Emre. "A proposal for the classification of structural systems of tall buildings" Building
These buildings were two and ten stories, respectively, and used steel moment frames as the lateral load resisting system in both directions.
However, the success of the building schemes relied on the construction methods and innovations that are now attributed as bei...
Before the end of the 19th century, a high-rise building was dependent on the strength of the walls to maintain the load. The taller the construction meant that more strain was added to the building. Due to the weight limitations “load-bearing“ walls could perpetuate, any large-scale construction at this time needed colossal size walls, therefore causing limitations on the overall height.
As the environmental problems become more and more serious these years, especially that intense negative impact that buildings in modern cities bring to the cities, the concept of Green Building is being more and more important considered by local and federal government. According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), a green building is one that utilizes design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and the building's occupants. Besides the more and more advanced building structure and technology, the main goal of green building is to protect the health of the occupants, save energy and reduce pollution to environment. There are many certifications of green buildings to judge whether the building meets the standard of green buildings and what environmental performance level is this building at, to help government regulators, building professionals and consumers to see better how this building can be improved and what is its impact on human beings and environment. Such green building programs include Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star program, National Association of Home Builders (NAHB Green), etc. Among them, LEED is one of the most popular certification programs that give the building credits for its environmental performance. In this essay, I will discuss the costs and benefits of different types of building projects that were certified by LEED.
The reinforced concrete grade beam (or thickened slab perimeter) distributes the building load evenly across the gravel footer. The size of the grade beam and placement of rebar depends on building loads and should be designed by an engineer. Because the footer itself is literally a drainage way, water cannot settle in or around the structure of the foundation. Without water...
Reinforced concrete is stronger than basic concrete. Steel reinforcing bars known as rebar is incorporated in the concrete structure to act together in resisting the force. The steel reinforcing bars absorbs tensile and compression because plain conc...
According to recent David Fisher’s Dynamic Tower, as it appears for many years all the buildings were stable, but nowadays for example, David Fisher’s Dynamic Tower is a new thinking for future architecture. The rotating tower shows three main futuristic patterns or revolutions. The first revolutionary is about it’s shape, which changes it’s look continuously, and with this each floor rotates distinctly. The second revolution that the Dynamic Tower brings is the system of construction, beside the concrete use, the tower is made of prefabricated unites ,including flooring water piping air conditioning , this units made of steel, aluminum, carbon fiber also other modern materials. The third revolution is came with joining technology with environment (The Dynamic Team, 2014). “Time is the most powerful dimension of our lives. All our life depends on time," states Fisher. "Today's life is dynamic, so the space we are living in should be dynamic as well, adjustable to our needs that change continuously, to our concept of design and to our mood," he states, in a media publication. Buck...
Kendall, K. E., & Kendall, J. E. (2011). Systems analysis and design eighth edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
The framing process is probably the fastest part of building a house. A good framing crew can frame an average size house in just a couple of days. The framing of the house consists of the floor system, walls, and roof system. The framing is th...
This module broadens our understanding on the ways in which buildings are constructed and the purpose of choosing materials and structures for buildings. This module is divided into survey, structure, materials and construction. These are taught specifically through lectures, tutorial exercises, drawings and lab test workshops. The lectures were an explanation of the topics in which our knowledge was put into practice by solving and experimenting questions during tutorials and workshops. By the end of the year, we gained great knowledge on the contents of this module by taking part in this structured order of learning and understanding in workshops and tutorials.