CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The power in the battery is in DC mode and the motor that drives the wheels usually uses AC power, therefore there should be a conversion from DC to AC by a power converter. Inverters can do this conversion. The simplest topology that can be used for this conversion is the two - level inverter that consists of four switches. Each switch needs an anti - parallel diode, so there should be also four anti parallel diodes. There are also other topologies for inverters. A multilevel inverter is a power electronic system that synthesizes a sinusoidal voltage output from several DC sources. These DC sources can be fuel cells, solar cells, ultra capacitors, etc. The main idea of multilevel inverters is to have a better sinusoidal voltage and current in the output by using switches in series. Since many switches are put in series the switching angles are important in the multilevel inverters because all of the switches should be switched in such a way that the output voltage and current have low harmonic distortion. Multilevel inverters have three types. Diode clamped multilevel inverters, flying capacitor multilevel inverters and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The THD will be decreased by increasing the number of levels. It is obvious that an output …show more content…
The dc power input to the inverter is obtained from an existing power supply network or from a rotating alternator through a rectifier or a battery, fuel cell, photovoltaic array or magneto hydrodynamic generator. The filter capacitor across the input terminals of the inverter provides a constant dc link voltage. The inverter therefore is an adjustable-frequency voltage source. The configuration of ac to dc converter and dc to ac inverter is called a dc-link converter. Inverters can be broadly classified into two types, voltage source and current source
An increase of carbon pollution around the world has called for better options for the future of motoring. The two types of motoring options which have been developed are the hydrogen fuel cell and electric battery vehicles. Both of which provide pros and cons within the system, on the environment and cost wise.
...o do not have the ability to cruise or climb fast enough to compete with gasoline-powered cars and accessories, such as air condition or radios, drain the battery even more quickly. Another problem is the power required to recharge their batteries is generated at the same electric power plants that provide electricity for cities and towns.
These days technology keeps evolving. The electric car is yet another new way to help the environment. The electric car uses electricity instead of gasoline. In 1831, Michael Faraday came up with the theory for generating electricity. In 1838, Robert Anderson created the motorcycle. The first electric vehicle was made in 1839 but it wasn’t commercialised. Finally in 1873, Robert Davidson succeeded in making a practical electric car. At that time, changing gears was the most difficult aspect of driving gasoline cars, but with the electric car this was no longer necessary. It was also popular among woman drivers because it didn’t require a specific technique to drive. The electric car is
Team cohesion is the process of connecting the team. It’s a makes the team stick together and achieve it even when everyone is tired, under pressure or Faces difficulties and challenges. There many aspects to strengthen the strong team association and some are shown in.
The battery-powered engine is run using solely battery power. The battery-powered engine, along with all the other engines mentioned in this essay pollute much less than the combustion engine. The battery-powered engine is more efficient than the combustion engine for a variety of reasons. One reason includes how the electric motor is directly connected to the wheels; this lets the vehicle consume no energy while the car is at rest or coasting. Another way the battery engine is more efficient than the combustion engine is the fact that the battery engine converts more than 90 percent of the storage cell energy into driving force, while the combustion engine converts only a m...
Such electronic devices often contain several sub-circuits, each with its own voltage level requirement different from that supplied by the battery or an external supply (sometimes higher or lower than the supply voltage). Additionally, the battery voltage declines as its stored power is drained. Switched DC to DC converters offer a method to increase voltage from a partially lowered battery voltage thereby saving space instead of using multiple batteries to accomplish the same
In this case study I will be discussing advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. Electric cars are cars that are powered by electricity. Electric vehicles are an important part of cutting emissions and reducing global warming. The battery of an electric car stores electrical energy. The electric motor is coupled to the wheels through gears; it converts 59-60% of electrical energy into the wheels. The battery runs the motor which allows the car to move. Electric cars are necessary as they will save money, because electricity is cheaper than gas. Also electric vehicles will help reduce global warming and pollution. However, some people say that electric cars still have environmental costs. The electricity used to recharge EV batteries has to come from somewhere in the world, and now, most electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels. Although electric vehicles are classified as green cars, purists will not appreciate the toxicity of the batteries.
"Electric vehicles." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Science in Context. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, W.P. Robbins, “Power Electronics”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. © 2003
All useful generators of electricity come in two basic forms, alternating current and direct current. Direct current (dc) comes from generators that do not change in polarity, always producing a positive charge. In alternating current (ac) the polarity of the terminals is always changing from positive to negative. Thus you are left with alternating current flow. There are different ways of measuring and generating alternating and direct current.
The electricity generated by the solar cell panel is stored during the day with the help of storage batteries which give us only DC i.e, Direct Current. But in order to operate our devices we need alternating current. Therefore we need to initiate the conversion from convert before using any appliance using inverter.
One of the biggest reasons besides the increasing millage that the batteries can power the car for is, government incentives that are being given out. Buying a electric car can actually be cheaper that a gasoline powered car right now with all of the incentives that drive down the price of these cars which makes them more affordable. Electric vehicles have many differences from a gasoline vehicle including motor, transmission, no exhaust pipe, no fuel lines, and no drive shaft. These vehicles have four main parts which include the controller, motor, batteries, and two potentiometers. The potentiometers (variable resistors) are hooked up to the gas pedal and tell the controller what position the pedal is in so that the controller can tell the motor what speed it should operate at. (BRAIN) The controller is there to dictate how many volts to supply to the motor from the batteries anywhere from 0-320 volts depending on the battery that is being used. The motor then powers the electric motors which can be in a combination of four ways, one solution is to have a front-located electric motor driving the same kind of transmission as an ordinary gasoline car, using a driveshaft (propeller shaft) and differential in the usual way. Another is to do away with the driveshaft and have a motor, gearbox, and differential unit between two of the wheels (either front or
electricity as the “fuel” instead of gasoline or some other combustible fuel. The electric motor in
Most people today fill up their car with different qualities of petrol, because that's what the average car takes. They don't usually consider an alternative for the petrol that they load into their cars. Although petrol is widely used, it is not the only source for a car to get its power from; diesel and electricity are alternatives to the general petrol used by most cars. Although different from each other, diesel and electricity are alternatives to the average gasoline received at a gas station. Diesel is a more concentrated type of fuel that is usually used by big automobiles because they require a lot of power in a little amount of time. Electricity is a method that uses the power of batteries to produce a low horsepower but, nevertheless fast automobile. Electric cars are generally created to be soundless and environment friendly. The purpose of this paper is to classify and educate the reader of the different types of fuel available for an automobile to use: petrol, diesel, and electricity. The general petrol, used by most people, is usually the only type of fuel accepted on the average car in the United States today.
An electric vehicle is different from a gasoline powered vehicle. It is powered instead by an electric motor that receives current from rechargeable storage batteries, or portable sources of electrical energy.