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Greek and modern theatre
Greek and modern theatre
Commalities with anicet greek theatre and today
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Introduction
Greek theatre begun from worshiping their beloved god. Dionysus is a god who was worshiped with a festival called “city Dionysian”. During the festival, in Athens, men used to perform songs to welcome Dionysus and plays were only performed at city Dionysian festival. Athens was basically where the Greek theatre has started then has spread out through Greece. During the early Greek theatres the actors, directors, and dramatists were all the same person. Sometime later only three actors were allowed on stage in each play. Later on there were a few non speaking roles that were able to perform on stage.
Dionysian festival
This picture shows how they celebrated the Dionysus festival and how she was worshipped in 600ce. Although the
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Tragedy and comedy were shown as a complete opposite parts of the theatrical form. Satyr distributes with the mythology content in comic manner.
Tragedy plays
Thespis is an idea as to be the first Greek actor (director) and originator of tragedy, which meant “goat song” or comparing goats sacrifice to Dionysus before performances. His importance was realised and Thespis was sometimes listed as late as the 1600s in the chronological order of Greek tragedians.
Aristotle’s poems contained the earliest known of Greek theatre. he said that tragedy grew away from wildly speeches and sung songs in praise at the Dionysia to Dionysus each year.
Comedy plays
Comedy is also plays an important part of ancient Greek theatre. Comedy plays were a result from imitation although there are no traces of its origin. Aristophanes wrote most of the comedy plays and out of the 11 plays, survived- Lysistrata which was a humorous tale about a strong woman who leads a female coalition to end was in Greece. This play is a classic and is now being sold as comics which is good source for children in the nowadays.
The Greek
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The skene is a rectangular building that had been placed behind the orchestra and used as a backstage. The actors and actresses would be able to change their costumes and masks. Earlier before backstage were huts of tents but later became a permanent stone structure.
3. The audience sat on a rising circle from the orchestra. The theatres were built on a very large gauge to lodge the large number of people in the audience and could be up to fourteen thousand people attending. Greek theatres
This image demonstrates how the ancient Greek theatres looked like and how they were displayed or used and the large scale it was put on to fit large amounts of people like the whole town.
*Internet encyclopedia. ©, Greek theatre. 14/11,2015, http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia_of_history/G/Greek_theatre.html
Acting
Casts of Greek plays were all men because they used to be classified as the higher class resident. The casts of the Greek plays were not professionals and the plays were encompassed of unprofessional men.
The Greek actors had to gesture magnificently so the entire audience could see their story as to a more detailed story(our actions speak louder than our words). Although most Greek theatres were constructed to convey even the smallest sound to and seat amongst the
The theater of Dionysus stands at the foot of the acropolis and its date originates back to the 6th Century, B.C.. Its originally wood seats rise in tiers above one another against the slope of the acropolis, creating a natural setting for the plays (D'ooge, 231). The Greek Theater was built to house a drama which, during the festivals of Dionysus, had evolved from the long tradition of choral hymns which were presented each year. As Greek culture changed and flourished, entertainment transformed from being a series of choral chanting and dancing to placing an emphasis on the actor. As the actors' importance grew, there became a need for a stage from which they could be seen by each of the fourteen thousand spectators the theater housed. The chorus was still a very active part of the entertainment and they resided in the orchestra (Norwich, 64). The orchestra was the oldest part of the Greek theater and thus, when the actor was given
...ty since "things could happen in the real life of Athens which were virtually unthinkable in tragedy, and vice versa." Perhaps the safest assessment of Dionysus is that while not a direct opponent of the traditional ways, his presence, and especially his effect on other characters, serves to highlight many social norms. According to Bernad Knox, "From start to finish, Euripides was 'attempting to show citizens bred in the traditional views...that such conceptions of the gods should offend them.'" Perhaps we as readers will never fully understand the Dionysus that appears in this play, but a closing look at a remark of the Chorus may bring us a step closer to this understanding:
Dionysos, also known as Dionysus, is an Olympian god of many things such as festivity, pleasure, wine, and vegetation. Dionysos is the god of wilderness and one of his attributes are large cats, helping me recognize the statue of him wearing clothes made of animal skin. According to Metropolitan Museum, it stated that, Dionysos wore panther skin over his skirt like clothes and animal head shaped like a huge cat on his high sandals that look like boots” (MET). Also, despite being a male figure, Dionysos has a petite face and is often attractive or even beautiful because he represents youth. Looking at the statue, another attribute that I recognized was that his face looked pretty and had long hair, making him look very young and feminine while having a masculine body.
While visiting the Museum of Fine Arts Houston, I came across The Indian Triumph of Dionysus. Originating in Rome, it was created by a wealthy follower of Dionysus’s mystery cult in the late second century A.D. This worshiper evidently wanted to construct a sarcophagus in tribute of Dionysus’s accomplishments. Furthermore, Dionysus is surrounded by characters that are within the mystery cult because the creator wants the viewers to know with whom he is associated. With these two things combined, the patron hoped to shed light on a piece of history that they believed to be prominent during his life.
In a modern day production of Lysistrata, a director’s role would involve the overseeing of the whole play making course and ensuring that all the cast members realize the vision of the production. This role covers all the steps of production from the interpretation of the script to the final performance. This means that the director has a say over a range of disciplines and has to have artistic vision. Lysistrata was produced in 411 B.C., at a time when Athens and Sparta had just concluded a two-decade long war and the general population was in despair. Comedies such as these were used then to communicate instructions to the people (mbc.edu). This essay will focus on the scene where Lysistrata has gathered all the women to convinces the to withhold sex from their husbands until they sign a peace treaty.
Aside from all the prodigious number of Greek tragedies in history, stands a collection of Greek comedies which serve as humorous relief from the powerful overtone of the tragedy. These comedies were meant to ease the severity and seriousness sometimes associated with the Greek society. The ideas portrayed in the comedies, compared to the tragedies, were ridiculously far-fetched; however, although abnormal, these views are certainly worthy of attention. Throughout his comedy, The Clouds, Aristophanes, along with his frequent use of toilet humor, ridicules aspects of Greek culture when he destroys tradition by denouncing the importance of the gods' influence on the actions of mortals, and he unknowingly parallels Greek society with today's. Aristophanes also defiantly misrepresents an icon like Socrates as comical, atheistic, and consumed by ideas of self interest, which is contradictory to the Socrates seen in Plato's Apology or Phaedo.
The circular area in the middle of the theatre is called the orchestra. The music of the orchestra. In ancient Greek times this area would have been used for dancing and where the ‘chorus’ would sing and perform. A ‘chorus’ was. a group of people who would play a major part in ancient plays often describing scenes much like a modern narrator.
of the family. This fact not only holds true for The Odyssey but in the ancient Greek way of life, too. For example, women did not have such a meaningful role in Greek drama as the men did. The parts of women would be played by men in the majority of the plays. The reason this took place was because all of the playwrights were men. There were cases in which women were used in plays but they were used solely as models. Nonetheless, all of the types of women that lived in ancient Greece were depicted in all of the playwrights. The women in these plays were depicted by the role of a sinner, saint, poetess, coward, heroine, and
The stage was in proscenium form so it allowed most audience members to have the same amount of viewing as others throughout the theater. Due to the theatre space being so small and intimate, it created the relevant atmosphere of everything on stage happening to be small.
There was a belief, deeming it impossible for playwrights to successfully write tragic and comedic plays and so ancient Greek playwrights were to follow only one genre of the three (Hall, Sean, Alan, & Laura, 2015). This proclaim suggests that playwrights have limitations as artists, XXX There is overwhelming evidence presenting playwrights to have the ability to write both tragic and comedic plays, and this has even developed into an entire genre termed tragicomedy, where both tragic and comedic elements are implemented into one storyline. An example of a tragicomedy is The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, where the comic structure and tragic components coexist with one
Theater was an important part of Ancient Greek Civilization. History of Greek theatre began with religious festivals which aim to honor Dionysus, a god. During the festivals some citizens sing songs and perform improvisation plays and other participants of festivals judges this performances to decide which one of them was the best. These plays form the foundation of the Greek Theatre. Because of the competition between performers to create best performances, plays gained an aesthetic perspective and became a form of art. So, theatre as a part of religious rituals took attention of people and gained an importance in Ancient Greek Society.
Greek tragedy and comedy originated with the chorus, the most important part of the performance space was the orchestra, which means 'a place for dancing' (orchesis). A typical tragic Greek chorus was a group of some twelve to fifteen masked men just about to enter military service after some years of training (Athenians were taught to sing and dance from a very early age.) An old comedic chorus consisted of up to twenty four men. The effort of dancing and singing through three tragedies and a satyr play was likened to that of competing in the Olympic Games. Like in Elizabethan theatre, the men portrayed women. They made the transitions between scenes, giving actors the chance to enter and leave the playing area, and announced what characters those actors portrayed. But the function of the chorus goes beyond this. The choral odes, accompanied by dancing and music, were part of the entertainment itself. The chorus both commented on the events and participated in them, so that it was both involved in the action and detached from it. There was a choral leader who led the group, and as theatre developed, who conversed with the actor or actors.
The Globe Theater is widely known as the world’s greatest amphitheatre of its time, bringing in crowds of thousands of people. The Globe was also where most of the famous playwright, William Shakespeare, performed his plays. With its unique design, the audience was able to enjoy the plays. Inside of this round and globe-like structure, the people from all around the area packed into the seats to watch Shakespeare and his actors. Despite the Globe Theater’s success, the theater had gone through many shut downs and rebuilding projects. Finally, the Globe was demolished for the last time. It was not until years later that the theater was discovered. Now, people from around the world are learning about this amphitheater and its role in the Renaissance time period. The Globe Theater is known for its structure, audience and actors, and history.
Around 525 BC a man from Attica named Thespis, added an actor into the dithyramb to interact with the chorus. The actor was called the protagonist and means “the main character of a drama.” This addition turned the chorus into theater. Thespians went down in history and is where “thespians” got their name. About 534 BC was when the Dionysian Festivals were changed to add drama competitions....
Theater is a natural outlet for our desire to hear and tell stories, and in some ways it is even more primal and powerful than the written word. At its worst, theater will merely bore; while at its best it will not only entertain but move and shape its audience. Two such genres of theater, or drama, have consistently achieved this effect. Tragedy, represented by the weeping actors’ mask, usually features the title character’s fall from greatness to ruin, guided by the gods or fate. Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, is the epitome of classic Tragedy, as defined by Aristotle (96-101). Here, Oedipus falls from kingship to blindness and exile. Drama’s other great genre, Comedy, is represented by the laughing actors’ mask. In Comedy the action is usually propelled by a problem or crisis of some sorts, but unlike tragedy it usually ends well. Lysistrata, written by Aristophanes, is a perfect example of classic Comedy. The farcical story line follows the title character, who rallies the women of Greece to withhold sex from their mates all in the good cause of ending war. At first glance these two genres would seem to have nothing in common with each other. Comedy entails laughter and good feelings while the audience will leave a Tragedy in tears. But the best of Comedy and the best of Tragedy will produce the same affect: catharsis. Catharsis is the purgation and purifying of the emotions, specifically fear or pity. (“Catharsis”) The plays that manage to produce catharsis in their audience are the ones that we return to time and time again. Although catharsis is one of the main objectives of Greek Tragedy (Jacobus 34), Comedy done well will shape and move its audience in the same way. These two classic genres use characters that are co...