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Cognitive behavioral therapy example
Therapy for borderline personality disorder and case studies
Therapy for borderline personality disorder and case studies
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) – This form of therapy was specifically designed for the treatment of BPD individuals, especially those with self-harm, self-injury or suicidal behaviors. DBT focuses on teaching the child or adolescent “mindfulness,” the ability to be aware of the moment in which they exist and attentive to the current situation and moods which run through them and those that surround them. The therapist teaches the client skills that will help him/her to control intense emotions, improve relationships (through the teaching of interpersonal effectiveness techniques), and reduce instances of self-harm, self-injury, or suicidal behaviors. Though it integrates characteristics from CBT, it differs in that it also teaches the concepts of mindfulness (living in and accepting the here-and-now moment) and acceptance along with teaching the individual techniques to help them improve their ability to tolerate stress and regulate strong, intense emotions. DBT recognizes the tension caused by the need for acceptance of beliefs accompanied by the need for changes in behaviors. Schema – Focused Therapy (SFT): Schema-focused therapy integrates facets of CBT as well as the elements of other forms of therapy which seem to work best for BPD and focuses on reframing schemas or perceptions. Schemas are the Put simply…perhaps too simply…it is not an easy disorder to have, deal with or live with, for the individual who has it or their loved ones. In her case, it “manifested” violently during her pre-teen years but she would not be formally diagnosed until the age of fourteen. As is common in cases of BPD onset, we suspect we know the trigger, but will never be certain. Having done much research through the ensuing years, however, there were
... By scheduling an activity that the client can participate in and complete, it can give them a sense of mastery in a specific task. This can be beneficial for the client to feel accomplished. Another technique that I feel can be beneficial in therapy is role-playing. Role-playing can be helpful for a client to learn how to dispute irrational beliefs by becoming aware of negative feelings towards theses beliefs (Tan, 2011). In addition, role-playing can help the client to overcome their emotions and practice coping skills that are more effective. The last technique I would incorporate into therapy would be relaxation training. I would suggest ways that can help the client relax including, deep breathing, meditation, yoga, a massage or exercising. By getting the client to have methods to relax, I think it can help with managing their thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT, is a theoretical approach to counseling that involves the restructuring of a persons’ negative thoughts into something more positive. An example in the book, Helping Professionals, describes a husband arriving home late from work and how the wife can change her mindset to be more positive as to why he was late. If she thinks that he is stuck in traffic, she might be mad at the situation but not at home, if she thinks that he is going out with friends because he is falling out of love with her, she will be mad and hurt and that can cause great turmoil in their lives. By changing the way someone thinks about situations, it can change their emotion and in turn their behavior. There are many techniques that work
One of the primary reasons I prefer to utilize CBT is due to its compatibility with my personality. I am an organized, logical, and direct individual, all of which CBT encompasses well. CBT is a highly structured therapy. Even though there isn’t a particular order to procedures while utilizing CBT, there does tend to be a natural progression of certain steps. This aspect allows me to feel as though I am leading client’s to their goals in a logical manner. Not only that, CBT has a great deal of research backing that has proven it to be effective in treating several diagnoses such as depression and anxiety (Corey, 2013). Perhaps the best quality of CBT is the fact that it is known for having an openness to incorporating techniques from other approaches. According to Corey (2013), most forms of CBT can be integrated into other mainstream therapies (p.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has been a disability surrounded by stigma and confusion for a long time, and the time to bring awareness and public understanding to this disability is long overdue. The disability itself often gets misdiagnosed as an other disability since the symptoms overlap with many other disabilities (NIMH, n.d, para 16), or worse case scenario, a medical professional refuses to diagnose or treat the disability due to the belief that these people are untreatable because of a negative schema about the disability and clinical controversies on whether BPD is a legitimate diagnosis (Hoffman, 2007) . However, after nearly three decades of research, it has come to light that BPD does indeed exist, does have a good prognosis for remission with treatment (BPD Overview, n.d, para 3), and that there are many treatment options available such as three different types of psychotherapy (Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Schema-focused therapy), omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and/or medications (NIMH, n.d, para 29, 30, 31, and 39, 41). Even though the disability started as a psychoanalytic colloquialism for untreatable neurotics (Gunderson, 2009), BPD is very treatable and doesn’t deserve the stigma it currently carries throughout society.
CBT has been known to cure a variety of disorders both in clinical environments and non-clinical environments. This type of therapy technique has been tested for efficacy and has proven to be highly effective. Furthermore, the future for CBT looks very positive as well. Researchers and theorist are now working on making this type of therapy available for suicide prevention, schizophrenia, and other psychopathologies.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment developed by Marsha M. Linehan for the treatment of complex, difficult-to-treat mental disorders. Originally, DBT was developed to treat individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD; Carson-Wong, Rizvi, & Steffel, 2013; Scheel, 2000). However, DBT has evolved into a treatment for multi-disordered individuals with BPD. In addition, DBT has been adapted for the treatment of other behavioral disorders involving emotional dysregulation, for example, substance abuse, binge eating, and for settings, such as inpatient and partial hospitalization. Dimeff and Linehan (2001) described five functions involved in comprehensive DBT treatment. The first function DBT serves is enhancing behavioral capabilities. Secondly, it improves motivation to change by modifying inhibitions and reinforcement. Third, it assures that new capabilities can be generalize to the natural environment. Fourth, DBT structures the treatment environment in the ways essential to support client and therapist capabilities. Finally, DBT enhances therapist capabilities and motivation to treat clients effectively. In standard DBT, these functions are divided into modes for treatment (Dimeff & Linehan, Dialectical behavior therapy in a nutshell, 2001).
In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Harrington and Pickles, 2009). The main aspect that all of these branches of therapy share, is that our thoughts relate to our external behaviors. External events and individuals do not cause the negative thoughts or feelings, but, instead the perception of events and situations is the root cause (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists, 2010).
An estimated 1.6%-5.9% of the adult population in the United States has BPD, with nearly 75% of the people who are diagnosed being women. Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder include Frantic efforts to avoid being abandoned by friends and family, Unstable personal relationships that alternate between idealizations, Distorted and unstable self-image, Impulsive behaviors that can have dangerous outcomes, Suicidal and self-harming behavior, Periods of intense depressed mood, irritability or anxiety lasting a couple hours/days, Chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness, Inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable anger - often followed by shame and guilt, and Dissociative feelings. The three main factors that could cause this mental illness are Genetics, Environmental factors, and Brain function. This illness can only be diagnosed by a mental health professional after a series of interviews with the patient and family/friends of the patient. The patient must also have at least five of the nine symptoms of this illness in order to be diagnosed. The most common treatment for this illness is some form of psychotherapy. Some other treatment options are to prescribe medications and if needed a short-term
Three mindfulness interventions scored the highest through a meta-analysis. The three are mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), exposure-based cognitive therapy for depression (EBCT), and acceptance-based behavioral therapy (ABT). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). It is a person centered experimental and educational group intervention for participants to live more adapted lives (Klainin & Creedy, 2012). It uses mindfulness training, not judging, patience, beginner's mind, trust, non-striving, acceptance, and letting go. It is an eight-week program that involves mindfulness meditation focusing on moment-to-moment awareness with nonreactive and non-judgmental attitudes. Hatha yoga, body scan, and sitting meditation are several different types of meditations participants practice with this intervention. Exposure based cognitive therapy for depression focuses on creating a healthy lifestyle (Klainin & Creedy, 2012). The EBCT has three phases: stress management, activation/exposure, and consolidation and positive growth. Acceptance based behavioral therapy (ABT) emphasizes on promoting present moment awareness, encouraging acceptance, learning practicing adapted skills, and engaging in actions. The program aims to maintain and enhance adaptive behaviors by using self-monitoring, mindfulness exercise, behavioral assignments, and psychoeducation (Klainin & Creedy,
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a hands-on form of psychotherapy that is empirically based, which focuses on the interrelationship between emotions, behaviors, and thoughts. Through CBT, patients are able to identify their distorted thinking and modify their beliefs in order to change their behaviors. Once a patient changes their distorted thinking, they are able to think in a more positive and realistic manner. Overall, CBT focuses on consistent problem solving strategies and changing negative thought distortions and negative behavior. There are different types of CBT, which share common elements. Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a kind of CBT, which falls under the umbrella of CBT.
Now, it is known and referred as the gold standard to treat this population. Current research shows that this method can considerably decrease symptoms and alleviate the suffering of people with BPD (The Linehan Institute). There are four components to BDT: skills training group, individual therapy, phone coaching, and therapist consultation team. It focuses on several concepts, including that of paying attention to the present, both emotions and self-image, called mindfulness.
DBT is effective when working with clients experiencing anxiety disorder and depression. Individuals in DBT therapy are taught to notice, rather than react to thoughts and behaviors. DBT teaches clients to accept their emotional reactions and learn to tolerate distress while being mindful of their present experiences. DBT has four stages for therapy. In stage one the pre-commitment stage is where the therapist explains what types of treatment the client will receive. In this stage the client must agree to stop all self harm behavior and work toward developing other coping skills. In stage two the goal is to assist the client into controlling her emotions. Stage three and four involve assisting the client to gain the ability to develop self respect (Waltz, 2003).
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the most extensively tested psychotherapies for depression. Many studies have confirmed the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression. This paper will provide background information about the intervention, address the target population, and describe program structure and key components. It will also provide examples of program implementation, challenges/barriers to implementing the practice, address how the practice supports recovery from a serious mental illness standpoint and provide a summary. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely used. It is thought to be very effective in treating depression in adolescents and adults. CBT is targeted to quickly resolve maladaptive thoughts and behaviors without inquiring greatly into why those thoughts and behaviors occur as opposed to other forms of psychotherapy.
But still we should realize that treatment is mandatory to overcome any disorder. To help your child with BPD, it is necessary to get knowledge of each aspect about this disorder, otherwise you will not be able to understand what your child is feeling right now. Since in this disorder, he has no control over what he is doing. We can relate it to disease like diabetes or gastroenteritis that the affected person has no control over. That is why it is important to get thorough knowledge that what are its symptoms, what the causes are and how it can be cured.
SFT and DBT are similar to the cognitive-behavioral therapy in that they all strive to change maladaptive thinking and behavior to improve daily function. SFT takes on more of the cognitive aspect by emphasizing current strengths and success, while DBT uses behavioral tools such as rehearsal and modeling to fix the problem, but both fit the characteristic of improve daily living like CBT. “Treatment strategies in DBT for helping patients to change draw primarily on standard behavioral and cognitive therapy procedures and on principles and findings from research on learning, emotions, social influence and persuasion, and other areas of psychology” (Robins and Rosenthal, 2011). Another characteristic of CBT found among both therapies is the therapists’ ability to be responsive and creating trusting relationships with the individual; therapy sessions for both have the client talking and leading the therapy while the therapist listens and helps build