Introduction: American Diabetes Association (ADA) set a target of achieving blood glucose level in the range of 140-180 mg/dl for patients in critical conditions. Fasting glucose level should be below 140 mg/dl and random blood glucose level should be below 180 mg/dl (ADA, 2008; ADA, 2013). In hospitals it is necessity to maintain the blood glucose level in the narrow range and blood glucose monitoring should be done at the patient bedside. This maintaining blood glucose in the narrow range at the bedside, requires technically sound personnel and with high skills. Nurse or personnel, monitoring the blood glucose should be with the sound knowledge of physiology, pathology of abnormal glucose conditions, effects of abnormal glucose conditions, effect of age, gender, environmental conditions, fasting or feed conditions and temporal effect on glucose level. Along with this, nurse should have complete understanding of the different techniques used for the glucose monitoring, theoretical and practical know how of the instruments, troubleshooting of the instrument and maintenance of the instruments (Mraovic, 2012; Klonoff, 2010). For satisfying all the above conditions during the glucose monitoring, a nurse should be well-trained and acquired all the necessary skills for the glucose monitoring in the hospitals. In this essay all the aspects of the skills necessary for nurses in glucose monitoring are discussed. These …show more content…
This may leads to the misinterpretation of the exact condition of the patient. Plasma glucose concentration is approximately 11 % higher than the whole blood glucose due to higher amount of water in the plasma (D’Orazio, 2005; D’Orazio, 2006). Neely (1991) showed that, there is higher levels of glucose in plasma as compared to the whole blood. They conducted oral glucose tolerance study with 36 pregnant and 2 non-pregnant women at risk using glucose oxidase
Diabetes education is a structured education and self-management (at diagnosis and regularly reviewed and reinforced) to promote awareness. Diet and lifestyle, healthy diet, weight loss if the person is overweight, smoking cessation, regular physical exercise. Maximizing glucose control while minimizing adverse effects of treatment such as hypoglycemia. Reduction of other risk factors for complications of diabetes, including the early detection and management of hypertension, drug treatment to modify lipid levels and consideration of antiplatelet therapy with aspirin. Early intervention for complications of diabetes,, including cardiovascular disease, feet problems, eye problems, kidney problems and neuropathy.
The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in is related to the insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted by cells in the pancreas and is responsible for regulating the level of glucose in the bloodstream. It also aids the body in breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. When someone suffers from diabetes, however, the body does not break down the glucose in the blood as a result of abnormal insulin metabolism. When there are elevated levels of glucose in the blood, it is known as hyperglycemia. If the levels continue to remain high over an extended period of time, damage can be done to the kidneys, cardiovascular systems; you can get eye disorders, or even cause nerve damage. When the glucose levels are low in one’s body, it is called hypoglycemia. A person begins to feel very jittery, and possibly dizzy. If that occurs over a period of time, the person can possibly faint. Diabetes mellitus occurs in three different forms - type 1, type 2, and gestational.
Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 44(9), 406. doi:10.3928/00220124-20130617-38. Torpy, J. M. (2011). The 'Standard' Diabetes. Jama, 305(24), 2592 pp.
Although the flow chart is straight forward and easy to follow, nurses often use nursing wisdom, which is based on their knowledge and experience (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012). For example, rather than giving orange juice or one tube of glucose gel and rechecking a patient’s blood glucose in 15 minutes, nurses may wait for a breakfast tray to arrive and recheck a patient’s blood glucose after breakfast. Possible risks include a patient not eating his or her breakfast and their blood sugar continuing to drop. Possible benefits are a patient eats his or her breakfast and his or her blood sugar returns to normal. However, there are applications in the computer where a diabetic educator is able to view when a patient had a low blood sugar and it was not rechecked in a timely manner to ensure that the blood glucose returned to normal. Managers are often being talked to by diabetic educators, because nursing staff at times decide to use their own judgment when treating low blood sugars rather than following the hospital protocol and then nurses are forced to explain their decisions. Thus, the importance of documenting and ensuring a patient’s blood glucose has returned to normal, even though the flow chart was not implemented is often emphasized.
The American Diabetes Association is an organization founded in 1940. It was founded by physicians to help research and find ways to fight diabetes. The ADA now is a large organization that consists of 90 offices in the United States. The main focus of the ADA is to help cure people affected with diabetes and to help provide the best lifestyle for the people through research programs by providing information to the victims, the families of the victims and to the public. The ADA provides a number of programs and activities that are supported by many physicians, research scientist, companies, and communities. The mission for the association is to provide the best life they can for individuals diagnosed with any type of diabetes.
In addition, one of them was 10 year old girl, who was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Patient was a young girl, from different culture and religion, and parents had language barrier; however, while taking care of the child, I could see that family had really good interaction with each other. Parents were at bedside all the time, and they were very supportive and attentive. Patient and family did well with diabetic care. The mother was participated in cares and eager to learn. Moreover, to provide highest quality of care, nurses did a lot of great job. They provided information about the child’s chronic illness and taught about insulin administration. Consequently, from caring that patient I understood that most important nursing interventions are to assess patient's ability to copy with new life and role change, patient’s reaction to chronic illness, support system, cultural issues, and available
A. One condition is known as hyperglycemia, which means that the blood glucose gets too
After the release of the GlucoGauge Monitors, the company began receiving troubling reports. Customers have been using social media to complain or address their issue and this, has affected the company in a negative way. Thereafter, we also have been receiving complaints from Doctors and patients about high inaccuracy rates on the GlucoGauge blood monitors. Physicians indicated that the inaccuracy readings were as high as 30% when the regular American Diabetes Association(ADA) approved devices are to exceed only exceed 10%. This high number of inaccuracy has hurt the company in a negative way and a solution must be found for it as quick as possible. Thus, I proposed the
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an intolerance of glucose documented for the first time during pregnancy. It is usually a short-term type of diabetes and the most common health problem with pregnant women. GBM is caused by the way the hormones in pregnancy affect the mother. GDM accounts for 5-7% of all pregnancies (American Diabetes Association, 2010). During pregnancy the placenta develops and becomes the main bond between the mother and the baby. It is used to make sure the baby has and gets enough nutrients. The placenta makes several hormones which make it hard for insulin to control blood glucose and block the action of the mother’s insulin in her body (American Diabetes Association, 2010). Hormonal changes during the pregnancy causes the body to be less sensitive to insulin. Insulin has the job of opening up the cells so that the glucose can get inside regulating the amount of glucose in the blood while glucose is the amount of sugar in the blood stream. In pregnancy, the body needs to make three times more insulin for control of the blood sugar. GDM is usually found within the second trimester of a pregnancy and increases until the end of the pregnancy. Usually within a few hours of delivery the condition resolves itself (American Diabetes Association, 2010).
When the blood glucose is higher than the normal levels, this is known as diabetes disease. The body turns the food we eat into glucose or sugar and use it for energy. The insulin is a hormone created by the pancreas to help the glucose get into the cells. The sugar builds up in the blood because either the body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t well use its own insulin (CDC, 2015). In the United States diabetes is known as the seventh leading cause of death. There are different types of diabetes. However, there are two main types of diabetes and these are; Diabetes type 1 and Diabetes type 2 (CDC, 2015).
At the Dekalb Medical Center at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Heel Stick, a small procedure used to measure blood glucose (BG) by pricking the heel, is often performed on newborns (Vedder, & Sawyer, 2015). Also, at the Special Care Nursery (SCN), the Accu-Chek, a hand-held device that calculates the BG level is performed to check the BG level of neonates. In exposure to these two methods of BG intake, the accuracy in analyzing BG in both tests is of interest. Through research and review of literature, this paper will explore the methodology and accuracy of both BG tests and describe why this variety exists.
Profession of Nursing is always regards as a complex, dynamic and noble. The nursing profession requires many things such as hard work, a vast knowledge, excellent communication skills, and a passion for the noble profession. All these qualities are needed to be an effective nurse. Today, nurses are living in a world of ever changing field of medicine .The present patient statistics poses, nurses are expected to take responsibility of accomplishing the requirements. The requirement for excellent nursing skills is added as well as well-formed skills in different aspect. Because of the high demand in excellent nursing care, the IOM have declared the recommendations for the future of nursing.
Throughout the whole of the United Kingdom, between 2 and 3 of every 100 people have a known form of diabetes (DTC, 2004). What is diabetes? Explained simply, it is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. In the normal state of glucose function, there is a stable release and uptake of glucose, regulated by two hormones produced in the pancreas, glucagon and insulin. There are two distinct mechanisms which give rise to the abnormal blood glucose levels seen in patients with type I and type II diabetes. In type I diabetes, a deficiency in insulin production at the pancreas results in elevated blood glucose levels due to the lack of hormonal regulation. In type II diabetes, although the pancreas produces regular levels of insulin, the body resists the effect of insulin, inhibiting the ability of insulin to break down glucose in the blood. Because of the inherent differences in the biochemical mechanisms of these two diseases, the characteristics associated with type I and type II diabetes are very different. The typical onset of type I diabetes is usually ...
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Practical Aspects. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864180/. Taylor, C., LeMone, P., Lillis, C., & Lynn, P. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing: the art and science of nursing care (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolter Kluwer business.
These tests are conducted and more often the diagnoses are compared against the standard set by the World Health Organisation on diabetes. The oral glucose tolerance test is mainly used in pregnant women who have gestational diabetes (diabetics mellitus), a hormonal change that occurs as a result of the placenta resistance to insulin during their 24-28th weeks of pregnancy, pre-diabetes. Similarly, this occurs in obese patients and individuals with non-healing skin infections or patients with a family history of diabetes. A glucose tolerance test is important for the diagnosis of, for example, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and also the monitoring of disorders caused by carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus and the data that are obtained from OGTT shows the response of four major organs in the body which includes; the liver, intestine, pancreas and peripheral insulin target tissues.