Table 2: Showing demographic characteristics of the data sample.
Variable % (n)
Total (N) 34134
Age
Under 15 years 18.1 (6177)
15-24 years 15.9 (5427)
25-44 years 28.8 (9839)
45-64 years 21.9 (7484)
65-74 years 6.1 (2078)
75 years and above 9.2 (3129)
Gender
Male 46.4 (15852)
Female 53.6 (18282)
Race
White 58.6 (20015)
Black/ African American 20.2 (6899)
Asian 2.8 (956)
Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 0.5 (161)
American Indian/ Alaska Native 0.4 (135)
Median Household Income
Quartile 1 (below $32,793) 32.7 (11157)
Quartile 2 ($32,794-$40,626) 22.1 (7556)
Quartile 3 ($40,627-$52,387) 20.1 (7556)
Quartile 4 ($52,388 or more) 20.6 (7031)
Type of insurance coverage
Medicare 18.0 (6160)
Medicaid 27.4 (9349)
Private insurance 39.2
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Workers compensation 1.3 (433)
Uninsured 21.3 (7277)
Past visit to emergency care in last 12 months
Yes
No
31.4 (10718)
27.0 (9232)
Number of times visited emergency department in last 12 months
1-6 times
7-12 times
13-18 times
19-24 times
25-50 times
51-75
…show more content…
The predictor test variables are patients enrolled under insurance systems like Medicaid, Medicare, private insurance, workers compensation; uninsured, immediacy with which patient should be seen, urban/rural classification of the patient ZIP code. The control variables are age, gender, race (white, black, Asian, African American, Native Hawaiian, American Indian), urban or rural. The uninsured rate is taken as the reference variable. All the independent variables except uninsured, urban/rural and race (except whites) have shown significant relationship with emergency care visits. The test shown to have significant relation with all the insurance types on the emergency care usage. Medicaid is shown to have higher impact in that with every unit increase in Medicaid there is 1.75 times increase in the odds in number of visits in emergency care visits (OR = 1.756; CI= 1.602-1.925). Medicare have a significant impact on the emergency care visits with every unit increase in Medicare there is 1.4 times increase in the odd for patients to visit the emergency care services. Private insurance has a significant relationship with the emergency care usage. With every unit increase in the private insurance there is 13.7% of likely odds in reduction in the patients going for an emergency care (OR= .863; CI: 0.792-0.940). Patients enrolled under worker compensation also
While the data was collected by identifying patients with the highest medical costs, lowering medical costs was never Brenner’s goal; “he was more interested in helping people who received bad health care” (Gawande, 2011). Although a clearly defined list of action steps is not outlined in the literature (Gawande, 2011; “Jeffrey C. Brenner,” 2013; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2014) Brenner clearly began by using his funds to hire a staff and increase his pool of data, identified the most vulnerable patients by health care cost and emergency room and hospital visit frequency, met with the most vulnerable patients, acquired information about all of the factors affecting the patient’s health through forming relationships, and then based on the client’s needs, utilized a custom case plan to improve the delivery of health care services to the patient (Gawande, 2011; “Jeffrey C. Brenner,” 2013; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,
Idaho Falls is home to one hundred and thirty thousand three hundred and seventy four people. Located on the Eastern edge of Idaho, Idaho Falls is a focal point for much of Idaho and Western Wyoming. While conducting demographic research on the metropolitan area, I found some interesting stats. Using the demographic indicators of age structure, racial diversity, and family makeup, provided me essential data that describes the makeup of its metropolitan area.
In the United States, for the last four decades, from Richard Nixon to Ronald Reagan through the two Bush Presidencies, the Republican Party won the White House by amassing large margins among white voters (Lizza.) The state of Texas has been reliably Republican since the 1970s and there are various elements to Texas political culture that can be narrowed down to three essential ideological trends: economic liberalism, or faith in the free market economy, social conservatism, or favoring traditional values and moralism, and populism, or promoting the rights and worthiness of ordinary people (Texas Political Culture.) As a result, the dominant political mood in Texas favors low taxes, minimal government services, and policies that are pro-business. This phenomenon is not static, however, since changing demographics in the state are causing changes in the profile of Texas in reference to electoral politics, among other major issues. This paper will explore different perspectives about the changing demographics of Texas, and where they might lead the state politically, and will present a variety of viewpoints regarding this complex subject.
The study carried out by Wilper et al is, therefore, a clear indication that the increasing number of deaths among adults in the US is down to lack of health insurance coverage. Wilper et al have utilized data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), which was formulated after a survey was undertaken all over the country, which makes their study valid. Furthermore, Wilper et al consider various factors, including income, which make health insurance acquisition difficult for some people.
Niles, N. J. (2014). Basics of the U.S. health care system (2nd ed.). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from http://samples.jbpub.com/9781284043761/Chapter1.pdf
In consequence, this will limit poor adults finding the proper treatment since many doctors do not accept Medicaid patients. High rates of uninsured populations were associated with lower primary care capacity (Ku et al., 2011). Thus, expanding insurance coverage can support more primary care practices in rural areas and can help equal the gap in primary care positions. The impact of not expanding affects APRN practice by limiting them to practice in areas where they are needed the most. This not only affects APRNs from practicing without a physician supervision but also limit those that need coverage for basic preventive measures to reduce non-paying visits to the emergency room. Ensuring access to care will be contingent upon the ability to attain progress from insurance coverage and primary
The paradox of excess and deprivation in the United States health care system is that some people receive too little care while others receive too much care. There are certain groups of people who receive too little care or do not receive care in a timely manner. For example, if a person is uninsured or have Medicaid, they will have to wait a longer period of time to be treated for illnesses and receive appropriate tests. Other groups of people who are elderly or insured receive additional care which leads to too much excessive care. Elderly people are most likely to have health problem, so they run more test like CT scans or MRI scans and do more medical procedures that are basically unnecessary. Due to the health crisis in the United States, it is very confusing why they will give additional care or perform unnecessary test. This is a good topic to just trying to get paid more money by giving additional care.
In order to fully understand the uninsured and underinsured problem that hospital administrators face the cause must be examined. The health outcomes of uninsured individuals are generally worse than those who are insured. Uninsured persons are more likely to experience avoidable hospitalizations, diagnosed at later stages of disease, hospitalized on an emergency or urgent basis, and more seriously ill upon hospitalization (Simpson, 2002) Because the uninsured often lack an ongoing relationship with a health-care provider, they are less likely to receive preventive care and diagnostic tests (Kemper, 2002). Many corporations balance their budget through cost cuts and other moves, but have been slammed with an increasing load of uninsured patients, coupled with reduced payments from government and private insurance programs. In 2000, 564,476 uninsured patients came through Health and Hospitals Corporations health care centers, a 30 percent increase from 1996. In the same period, Congress reduced Medicare reimbursements to hospitals, while Medicaid reimbursements to primary care clinics remained basicall...
Limited access to health care services has a major impact in the health care system in Texas especially among the uninsured. This makes it very unlikely for most people to seek the health care they desperately need. According to United States Department of health and human services (2014 b), some of the barriers to seeking health care services are lack of insurance coverage, cost and appointment availability which subsequently leads to unnecessary hospitalization, lack of preventive health screening, delay in obtaining the right care and unmet health needs. In Texas, the uninsured are likely expected to pay for full cost of services compared to those with Medicaid or employer.According to report by Katherine Young & Rachel Garfield “one-third
Less is known, however, about how differences in the use of preventive services vary across subgroups of the uninsured population. As a whole, the uninsured receive less preventive care. When issues are discovered it is typically at more advanced disease stages, and once a diagnosis is received, the uninsured tend to receive less therapeutic care. 21 The uninsured population is not monolithic and spans all levels of household income, education, and age. Even though there has been a large amount of information created by work on preventive services, a gap remains in the literature. According to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), an estimated 48.6 million people were uninsured in 2011. This figur...
The U.S. population is getting older: the Census Bureau reported the population of people less than 45 years old dropped from 65.6% in 2000 to 60.5% in 2010. While the percent of people 65 years and over increased by 15% between 2000 and 2010 (US Census, 2011, p.2). Age is associated with increased health care demand. Over 56% of people 65+ and 65% of people 75+ make four or more visits to health care professionals. While only 31% of people 18-44 years old make four or more visits (US Census, 2012, table 166). In 2000, people over 65 years old visited the hospitals three times more than the general population, and people over 75 years old visited the hospitals four times more than the general population (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003, p.8). Therefore, due to the fact that ageing population brings about an increasing demand for health care, With the population getting older and thus increasing demand for health care, the US needs to increase the supply of health care professionals.
Two of the largest government funded insurance groups are Medicare and Medicaid. Between the two, they service upwards of 40% of the total American population(2010 & 2012, KFF). However, the two programs offer various similarities and differences. Medicare is a federal government-sponsored healthcare program primarily for seniors; Medicaid is for low-income families and is managed by both the state and federal governments. By performing a SWOT analysis on each program, it is possible to compare the two.
The United States’ healthcare system is often compared to health care systems in other industrialized countries. According to Davis, Stremikis, Schoen, and Squires (2014), “The
Since the 60s, government budgets have been influenced by the need to finance healthcare especially the cost of Medicare and Medicaid benefits. According to CMS’ National Health Expenditure Projections , total health care expenditures have grown by an average of 2.5 percentage points faster per year than the nation‘s Gross Domestic Product. For about 60 percent of workers who receive some form of health care coverage from their employers, the cost of their health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses have increased significantly faster than their own wages; and between 1999 and 2008, both average health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket costs for deductibles, co-payments for medications, and co-insura...
...ank Research (2010). Coverage vs. Cost. The US health care reform in perspective. Retrieved from http://www.dbresearch.com