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Conclusion of dehydration in children
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Dehydration and Hypocalcemia
Shonna Dillman
Maryville University
Dehydration and Hypocalcemia
Why are the very young and very old people at higher risk for dehydration than individuals of other ages?
The very young and very old people are at a greater risk for developing dehydration quickly for some very different reasons and some similar reasons. The very young have higher metabolic rates, loss of fluids through diarrhea, and possibly immature kidneys (McCance & Huether, 2010). Children are also dependent upon caregivers, as well as some elderly. The elderly may be at a higher risk due to decreased thirst sensation, their kidneys may not be as efficient, disability limiting their access making them dependent upon others, as well as less intake due to incontinence (McCance & Huether, 2010). Whether young or older, nursing must be diligent to educate parents, the elderly and caregivers in the fluid needs, as well as possible medical needs, in relation to avoidance of dehydration.
Many children suffer from dehydration and become symptomatic quickly. In an article by Spandorfer, Alessandrini, Joffe, Localio, and Shaw, it was found that approximately 10% of children admitted suffer from dehydration due to gastroenteritis (2005). Oral hydration cannot always be achieved especially if the child is vomiting as well as suffering from diarrhea, which leads parents to take their children to the hospital for care. Parents may need education and emotional support in the prevention of dehydration in children.
In the older population, dehydration can also be caused by ineffective kidneys, they may not be able to hydrate themselves due to a disability such as stroke, or they chose not to intake fluids. Hydration is an important fac...
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...anadian Family Physician, 58(2), 158-162.
Forsyth, D., Lapid, M., Ellenbecker, S., Smith, L., O'Neil, M., Low, D., Clobes, J., Drier, J., & Seifers, M. (2008). Hydration status of geriatric patients in a psychiatric hospital. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29(8), 853-862.
Graff, A., Miller, F., Roehm, C., & Prihoda, T. (2010). Predicting hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy: Parathyroid hormone level vs. serial calcium levels. ENT: Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, 89(9), 462-465.
McCance, K.L. & Huether, S.E. (2010). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children. (6th ed.) Mosby: Maryland Heights, Missouri. ISBN: 978-0323065849.
Spandorfer, P., Alessandrini, E., Joffe, M., Localio, R., & Shaw, K. (2005). Oral versus intravenous rehydration of moderately dehydrated children: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 115(2 Part 1), 295-301.
The boy is suffering from Marasmus which is a chronic malnutrition caused by the deficiency in both the energy and the proteins. Diluting the formula causes the dilution of the nutrients it contains as well. So feeding your baby a diluted formula would cause him to not get enough protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, which are essential for the normal growth and development for the baby. Since the boy not consuming any solid foods or breast milk
Hydrating is very important to your body's ability to function. Your body must intake water as we constantly let off water as said i pg 1 of ‘Strange but True: Drinking Too Much Water Can Kill’ it states “At every moment water escapes the body through sweat, urination, defecation or exhaled breath, among other routes.” As it's been told that water is good for you and needed no one has ever thought of actually being able to overdue it. When you take in water your kidney stores up to a gallon of water so as to keep you hydrated. In the article mentioned previously it also states in pg 10, “every hour a healthy kidney at rest can excrete 800 to 1,000 milliliters … therefore a person can drink up to 800 to 1,000 milliliters per hour without experiencing a net gain in water”. Therefore your body is built
Pocock, G., Richards, C.D. and Richards, D.A. (2013) Human Physiology. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pediatric patients, usually teenagers can be emotionally changing, between school, sports, and not to mention isolation from peers due to not understanding the disease process itself. An article published on January 2015, in the JPGN magazine, discusses four pediatric boys with moderate symptoms undergone FMT via a nasogastric tube. Prior to FMT, each boy was given rifaximin daily for 3 days and 17 g of Miralax in 8oz of water 3 times a day for 2 days prior to FMT. Evaluations on all four patients were done at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after FMT. None of the four patients showed any significant improvement with FMT nor changes in stool value (JPGN, 2015). This study didn’t have any more trials
Total serum calcium is bound to the albumin molecule and is considered inactive. Consequently, it is noted, when the level of albumin is decreased, the level of total calcium is also
Rectal thermometers are not well tolerated and can cause distress in the pediatric population. It can also have the risk of perforating the bowl if the practitioner does not perform the task as directed (Sund-Levander & Grodzinsky, 2013). If other means of temperature measurements were used, there could be a decrease in the specified risks but the accuracy of the measurement may be unreliable. There are few hospitals, like Children’s Hospital of Michigan, that use other means of taking a t...
Porth, C. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
The body needs more water when a person is in hot climates, more physically active, running a fever, and having diarrhea or vomiting.
The second biggest threat for illness or injury in late adults is their respiratory system, because their respiratory system changes in that the “size of their airway increases, surface area of alveoli decreases, natural elasticity of the lings decreases, intercostal muscles are used more to breathe, and breathing becomes more labor intensive, aspiration and obstruction becomes more likely. By age 75 years, vital capacity may amount to only 50% of a young adult’s vital capacity”( Jones & Bartlett Learning). Another important system is the endocrine system where, “insulin production drops off, metabolism decreases, people tend to slow down their physical activity but do not decrease their food intake” (Jones & Bartlett Learning). All three of these systems are critical to note when treating a patient because as some people age they decrease their activity level or might even stop leading to cardiovascular complications, respiratory complications and endocrine
Goals for the care of the frail elder this semester will include the development of a knowledge base related to the aging process, recognition of disease/ debility, and preventative guidelines for this patient population. Other goals will include increasing my knowledge base related to conditions that place elderly patients at risk for frailty, morbidity, and mortality. These goals are integrated throughout the core competencies that support health promotion and disease prevention (The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties, 2010). Moreover building on previously accomplished goals, this semester will add insight related to understanding how to apply the scientific knowledge base and evidence-based guidelines to gerontology. Specific geriatric competencies to help meet these goals will include differentiation between disease and the normal aging process. Identification of common alterations in the elderly. I will establish a foundation for safe prescribing. I will learning about the socioeconomic challenges elderly patients face is another objective. These objectives will be met by completing all of the required coursework, clinical practicum experience, and continual search and review of the research. These measurable outcomes will be evaluated upon completion of the
Porth, C. M. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology (3rd ed.). Toronto, ON: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children. (7th ed.). St.Louis: Elsevier.
In some cases, children can have sores in their mouth that make it painful for children to eat and drink, which can cause dehydration or make dehydration worse. Infants are not able to tell other if they are thirsty so it is important to make sure that we provide them with enough fluids to drink. If an infant has a fever, is vomiting or has diarrhea they are at an increased risk for dehydration. They are losing more fluids than what they are able to take in. If the infant is having excessive urination they are losing more fluids than they are taking in so we need to make sure to keep the infant hydrated.
Bauer, Eggert, Marschall, & Tekgul, 2012). Not only this, in US, about 25% of enuretic children
The patient care research available for use in nursing on frailty is sparse. Frailty is fairly a new geriatric syndrome. Current literature on frailty is limited and therefore well-conducted studies are needed in order to be benefit the older community.