More handpicked essays just for you.
Written communication methods
Factors of engendering effective communication in essay writing
Techniques of Effective Written Communication
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Rebecca Skloot uses inductive and deductive reasoning in her argument. Skloot includes a casual argument that Henrietta’s family used when they described Henrietta’s funeral. For example, Skloot states, “As Cliff and Fred lowered Henrietta’s coffin into her grave and began covering her with handfuls of dirt, the sky turned black as strap molasses. The rain fell thick and fast. Then came long rumbling thunder…” and Henrietta’s cousin Peter stated, “We shoulda knew she was trying to tell us something with that storm” (92). Skloot includes this casual argument because it illustrates how Henrietta’s family believed the storm that occurred on the day she was buried was caused by Henrietta. Skloot also uses deductive reasoning, which goes from general …show more content…
The Pap smear had the potential to decrease that death rate by 70 percent or more, but there were two things standing in its way: first, many women- like Henrietta-simply didn’t get the test; and, second, even when they did, few doctors knew how to interpret the results accurately, because they didn’t know what the various stages of cervical cancer looked like under a microscope. …show more content…
This fallacy hurts Skloot’s credibility because as a reader it seems like she is ignoring one of her main points in her argument which is the unethical removal of their patients cells that doctors were committing. As a student writer, I can learn from the mistakes these two authors have committed by being able to identify the different types of fallacious reasoning that authors can commit. By being able to identify fallacious reasoning in their arguments it will help me identify it in my own and therefore, help me avoid using them as well. Realizing that published writers can also make mistakes in their writing helps me understand that everyone can improve on their skills regardless of what level they are at. Writing is a reoccurring process that can always be
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks tells the story of Henrietta Lacks. In the early 1951 Henrietta discovered a hard lump on the left of the entrance of her cervix, after having unexpected vaginal bleeding. She visited the Johns Hopkins hospital in East Baltimore, which was the only hospital in their area where black patients were treated. The gynecologist, Howard Jones, indeed discovers a tumor on her cervix, which he takes a biopsy off to sent it to the lab for diagnosis. In February 1951 Henrietta was called by Dr. Jones to tell about the biopsy results: “Epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix, Stage I”, in other words, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Before her first radium treatment, surgeon dr. Wharton removed a sample of her cervix tumor and a sample of her healthy cervix tissue and gave this tissue to dr. George Gey, who had been trying to grow cells in his lab for years. In the meantime that Henrietta was recovering from her first treatment with radium, her cells were growing in George Gey’s lab. This all happened without the permission and the informing of Henrietta Lacks. The cells started growing in a unbelievable fast way, they doubled every 24 hours, Henrietta’s cells didn’t seem to stop growing. Henrietta’s cancer cell grew twenty times as fast as her normal healthy cells, which eventually also died a couple of days after they started growing. The first immortal human cells were grown, which was a big breakthrough in science. The HeLa cells were spread throughout the scientific world. They were used for major breakthroughs in science, for example the developing of the polio vaccine. The HeLa-cells caused a revolution in the scientific world, while Henrietta Lacks, who died Octob...
Skloot mentions several cases where doctors hurt people with their actions. One of which occurs during one conversation between Henrietta and Sadie; “Hennie” shows Sadie her stomach which is “burnt… black as tar.” Henrietta says the cancer feels like the blackness “be spreadin all inside” of her (48). To build factual evidence of the corruption, Skloot directly quotes Sadie in order to ensure the event really took place. She uses logic to connect the factual side effects of cancer treatment to the imagery of tar. She effectively communicates the terrible job the doctors do to treat Henrietta. The blackness of Henrietta’s skin represents the blackness in the medical system. Skloot knows that people want to get better, and if the medical system continues to stay flawed no one ever will. Another case in which doctors treated patients inhumanly involves Henrietta’s eldest daughter. Skloot writes, “Elsie Lacks [died from] respiratory failure, epilepsy, [and] cerebral palsy” (270). All of these ailments occurred in a supposed hospital, meant for the mentally disabled. Skloot uses facts to help the reader logically follow the horror story of the Lacks family. She spells out exactly what doctors put Elsie through and helps to illuminate the terrible state of the medical world at that time. She uses fact as undisputed tributes of knowledge to back her claims, and to make them appear undeniable. Skloot emphasizes the terrible failure of the
The providers actively decide to deceive their patients. They spend the money the government gives them on placeboes. They tell the patients that they are receiving treatment when they are in fact not. This is compounded by the fact that initially, they believe they will get funding for treatment. Miss Evers is told that those in the study will be “first in line” for treatment when an effective treatment becomes available. The first to realize that this is not, in fact, true are the two doctors, Dr. Sam Brodus and Dr. Douglas. Ten years into the study when penicillin is show as an effective cure for syphilis they make the decision not to treat the men. At this point they are no longer doing the study to buy time until they can get treatment for the men, rather they are withholding treatment to watch the men gone through the full range of symptoms that accompany syphilis including death. Still, if the need for dead bodies to autopsy was a requirement of the studies completion and a primary indicator the success of the studies main objective, then the doctors knew from the beginning that they were not buying time until they got treatment for the afflicted men. It is possible they deceived themselves to a certain extent but it is entirely clear that they deceived Miss Evers. She believed that it would only be six months to a year until the men got treatment. Then, after that, she believed for ten years that they men would be first in line once there was a proven treatment. When this became clear it was not the case she questioned the doctors. They convinced her the study had a greater purpose aside from curing the men in it. She wanted to believe it and in many ways, she forced herself to believe it. Still, when viewing the withholding of treatment as unjust she attempted to administer treatment herself. This resulted in a patient committing suicide in a
In examining and learning from her story through the lens of Doctoring, we can inform our own practice and However, many or most of the people involved in her story felt as though they committed no wrongdoing, and indeed likely felt good about providing care for a poor black woman. It is a little frightening to consider that we might one day do things as physicians that will be considered as wildly unethical in our practice as the actions of researchers and physicians that affected Henrietta and her family. It is certain that we will be affected by our biases, that we will fumble, and that we will make many mistakes as we try to find our footing as physicians. However, I would argue that the crucial first step lies in the words that Rebecca Skloot used to begin her retelling of Henrietta’s story.
In “Part 1: Life” of “The immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skloot, she starts telling us the life of Henrietta, where she grew, that she married Day, and everything she went trough with her cancer. But, more than that, Skloot is trying to show us the ethical, social, and health issues black people had back in those days, and also she wants to let us know how lucky we are to live in this period where we have a lot of opportunities, racism is not a strong movement but still affects the society a little, and of course give thanks to the advances of the medical and science world most of it because of the HeLa cells.
Sure enough they were right. He mentions how he wishes that students would use their taught knowledge to do their papers and put an author’s work into their own words. He ends the article with how he believes that a person who plagiarizes a paper is not
According to the Belmont Report (1979), justice is relevant to the selection of subjects of research at two levels: the social and the individual. Skloot (2010) describes how “Gey took any cells he could get his hands on” and how “TeLinde began collecting samples from any woman who walked into Hopkins with cervical cancer” (p. 30). These two doctors did not exhibit fairness in their selection of subjects. Dr. TeLinde was collecting samples from women on the color ward and did not consider the appropriateness of placing further burdens on already burdened persons. The women whose tissue samples are being gathered for research are the women who will most likely be the last to benefit; because more advantaged populations (wealthy and white) will initially be the primary
In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Skloot’s interpretation of the HeLa phenomenon gave the readers a glimpse into her opinion of biomedical research during Henrietta’s time. The great leaps in scientific research caused many scientists to become excited for what was to come. However, this excitement caused Henrietta’s doctors—and many others— to neglect their patients’ rights. Namely, many patients, including Henrietta, were oblivious to what the doctors were actually doing to them. Consequently, the doctors held all the power in their relationship with their patients. Skloot’s depictions of Henrietta and Moore’s battles show the readers the harm that was done due to this power. By and large, Skloot’s portrayal of the biomedical field is dim, but has promise for the future. And this promise for the future can only come from more pro-patient regulations.
In looking at these instances, the doctors seemed to have thought their actions normal. They thought that since they were treating the patient they automatically had access to their cells, tissues, DNA, that they could take without permission and use to develop science or to even become rich and famous like Dr. Golde tried to do. One might say that no matter how useful a person's biological property can be to western medicine and science, it does not excuse the violation of privacy of a patient. Ostensibly, there is no need to worry about a patient saying no if the doctor has moral and beneficial intentions for the use of a patient's private, biological
"Women's Health." Pap Test Procedure, Test Results, What Abnormal Results Mean, and More. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. .
The Smear Campaign launched on 10/03/2014 by NHS Greater Glasgow is aimed at women aged 20 – 35 in this region. The campaign aims to diminish the barriers which are stopping women from attending their routine cervical screenings. It is backed by 2 famous Scottish radio DJ’s, Radio Clyde’s Knoxy and Suzie McGuire, and they are trying to promote the benefits of attending these screenings to banish the myths that they are painful and embarrassing. According to Emilia Crighton, Consultant in Public Health Medicine, “New research shows that the main barriers stopping women from attending cervical screening (smear test) are fear, embarrassment and pain.” (http://www.nhsggc.org.uk/content/default.asp?page=s1192_3&newsid=17764&back=home). They encourage women to watch their online video which shares the story of a woman who attended her routine cervical screening and was found to have early cancerous cells on her cervix. This smear test helped detect these cells and the 3 videos can be seen online via Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6QEdma5SDw, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Pe-Njiiv38&list=PLmuRxztsS0Nxxx-2_til-mHfG20topFyt, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XfO9bWNJHFA&list=PLmuRxztsS0Nxxx-2_til-mHfG20topFyt. These videos use humour as well as factual information to promote the benefits of attending regular smear tests, which is available for anyone to watch who has an internet connection. This campaign is widely promoted through the use of social media, these videos are displayed on YouTube and this campaign has been advertised on the internet and in various news articles.
For many years, women were advised to get Pap smears every year. A Pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer using a speculum to see the patient’s cervix. The doctor swabs your cervix with a brush to collect cells and send them off for analysis. According to new guidelines from the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) cervical screening every three years extends life at a cost of about $5,392 per life saved (Center for Disease and Control, 2008). In addition, it ensures women receive the benefits of testing while minimizing the risks. The new guidelines state women between the ages of 21 and 29 are encouraged to get Pap smears every three years, while those between the ages of 30 – 64 are encouraged to get
In Conclusion, all the authors are phenomenal writers who put into perspective the correlation between property and inequality. Each author has their own opinion, but not one author is necessarily wrong. They do a great job of describing the backings of a great society and the laws that make man kind do what they have done in the past and everyday including natural law and moral law. In the end everyone will have there opinion as to who's outlook is correct or who's opinion they agree with most. All three authors need to be praised for their works as they have influenced so many events in history. All we can do is read and take into consideration the sacrifices these authors made in order to help the world as we know it.
The story about Henrietta Lacks is the evidence that the ethics of medical processes need to be improved. For a long time, many patients have been victims of malpractice. Sometimes, the doctors still can do anything without the agreement from patients. Any medical institution needs to hold the integrity on any consent form that is signed by a patient. To summarize, the story of Henrietta Lacks could be the way to improve the standardization and equality of medical institutions in the future.
cancer. The early Pap test detection can help doctors treat cervical cancer better. Devesh. M