de Vries, and Forger, (2015), use evidence from animal and human anatomies, and environmental influence, to explore the sex differences between males and females and how processes and events occurring in the body are solely due to gender. Berenbaum, and Beltz, (2011), discuss how the hormones associated with puberty and prenatal stages of life, can change the body biologically and be the main factor for individuals behaviour and out comes in their life. van Anders, and Watson, (2006), discuss in depth, several environmental influences and events in life that can have significant influences on our hormones and our biological processes inside our bodies and comparing these between males and females. There are gender differences associated with pain, with females being more vulnerable to pain. …show more content…
The level of hormones associated with the female body (such as estrogen, progesterone) is higher than the levels of these hormones in males. Waliszewski et al., (1997), suggest that the hormones progesterone and estrogen play a role in affecting how females interpret pain around the belly area because the receptors in that area are associated with those hormones. So because these are hormones directly associated with the female body means that there wouldn't be an equivalent in males. If males don't have these high levels of female sex hormones in their gut, that would mean they do not feel pain the same way females do, making the gender response to pain different. These hormones seem to play a specific role in regards to pain in the female body. Using mice studies, de Vries, and Forger, (2015) also support that gonadal hormones are involved with the sex difference in regards to pain, where males and females had the same motor abilites, only females were seen to experience
Rogier van der Weyden painted his vision of the biblical Deposition before the year 1443, likely between 1435 and 1438. The painting is oil on wood panel and was an altarpiece commissioned by the crossbowmen’s guild in Louvain, Belgium. Jesus’s body is at the center of the scene, being carefully lifted down from his cross. He is surrounded by mourners, his mother, Mary, swooning in her grief as John the Evangelist reaches out to support her and Mary Magdalene wringing her hands, her head bowed in sorrow. The figures in the artwork do not fit completely within the frame of the altarpiece and the only the lower part of the cross is shown in full. In his Deposition, Rogier van der Weyden attempts to capture the extreme grief apparent at Christ’s death and reflect the emotion onto the observer, placing him/her within the narrative.
Psychologist, Richard A. Lippa, takes on the challenge of proving the concept that an individual’s idea of gender is derived from their brain, an issue otherwise recognized as “nature vs. nurture” in his book, Gender, Nature, and Nurture. Francis Galton, defines nature and nurture, as, “Nature is all that a man brings with himself into the world; nurture is every influence from without that affects him after birth.” Galton emphasizes the fact that nature produces the infant, with direct influences, determining both “growth of body and mind” (Galton) while nurture is an alteration of the environment for the comfort of the infant. Lippa establishes that each gender displays different levels of hormones, and physical capabilities, which will contribute to “nature.” An intriguing study conducted by Henry F. Harlow, whether the gender of a monkey can be determined, with or without the aid of parental influence. Regardless of whether the monkeys had a parent, the behaviors that they demonstrated in their natural environment were the same. The fundamental principle behind this is due to the fact that males were “influenced by the exposure to testosterone.” (122) As human beings, we vary in physical attributes, which subconsciously come into play when it comes to our preferences. This explains why the things that we do are gender
There are biological differences when it comes to men and women, reproductive organs, hormones, and menstrual cycle. Men and women have different coping processes, women tend to be more emotion focused, they seek social support, have relaxing techniques, and they tend to distract themselves. Men on the other hand go through denial; they consume alcohol, and or turn to smoking and or drug abuse. In Hoffmann’s essay she found that boys by the time they are in elementary school they lose a large amount of their emotions. Boys are more unlikely to complain to teachers or parents of the pain that they are experiencing. Girls are more likely to keep their emotions and are more likely to be sensitive when they are younger. I do believe what Hoffmann has to say in her essay. Looking at the younger children in my family I can see a difference between the boys and the girls. The girls are always the first ones to come up and complain about toys being stolen from them or getting hurt. Many of the boys will fall down and jump right up and continue
...ignificant evidence for my research argument indicates that the nature of gender/sex consists of a wide consensus. The latter is significant to original sex differences in brain structure and the organized role through sex differential prenatal hormone exposures through the term used in the article as (the ‘hardwiring’ paradigm). The article is limited to scientific shortcoming that presents neuroscientific research on sex and gender for it lacks an analysis that goes beyond the observed results. The article is based on neuroscience studies and how it approached gender, yet the article suggests that gender should be examined through social, culture studies, ethnicity and race. This article will not form the foundation of my research but will be used a secondary material. The neuroscience evidences will be used to support my argument and will be used as an example.
Connell: Chapter 4 “Sex Differences & Gendered Bodies”: I found this entire chapter quite intriguing, but I really appreciate the way that Connell approaches the ways in which males and females differ, and yet she also points out how there is no significant difference in brain anatomy and function between sexes. I found the statement by neuroscientist Lesley Rogers incredibly interesting, she states, “The brain does not choose to be wither a female or a male type. In any aspect of brain function that we can measure, there is considerable overlap between females and males” (p.52). This statement when paired with information about the affect social processes have on the body is mind boggling to realize, as Connell states, “biology bends to the hurricane of social discipline” (p.55). It is unnerving to think that I am merely a product of my society.
Introduction The topic of gender differences must understandably be approached with caution in our modern world. Emotionally charged and fraught with ideas about political correctness, gender can be a difficult subject to address, particularly when discussed in correlation to behavior and social behavior. Throughout history, many people have strove to understand what makes men and women different. Until the modern era, this topic was generally left up to religious leaders and philosophers to discuss. However, with the acquisition of more specialized medical knowledge of human physiology and the advent of anthropology, we now know a great deal more about gender differences than at any other point in history.
There are many different facets to the nature versus nurture argument that has been going on for decades. One of these, the influence of nature and nurture on gender roles and behaviors, is argued well by both Deborah Blum and Aaron Devor, both of whom believe that society plays a large role in determining gender. I, however, have a tendency to agree with Blum that biology and society both share responsibility for these behaviors. The real question is not whether gender expression is a result of nature or nurture, but how much of a role each of these plays.
Oestrogen receptors in the brain are believed to cause gender-appropriate behaviour. Oestrogen, a hormone found in the female genital tissue, acts as a ligand and, by activating the oestrogen receptors found on the surfaces of brain cells, causes notable changes in behaviour. Professors at Yale University have studied the effects of oestrogen and found the hormone increases neural connectivity in the brain resulting in a more accurate memory. Turnham et al (2002) supports this as upon investigation...
Swaab, Df. "Sexual Differentiation Of The Human Brain: Relevance For Gender Identity, Transsexualism And Sexual Orientation." Gynecological Endocrinology 19.6 (2004): 301-312. Informa Healthcare . Web. 7 Apr. 2014.
Gender is determined by the sex chromosomes, XX produces a female, and XY produces a male. Males are produced by the action of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, which contains the code necessary to cause the indifferent gonads to develop as testes (1). In turn the testes secrete two kinds of hormones, the anti-Mullerian hormone and testosterone, which instruct the body to develop in a masculine fashion (1). The presence of androgens during the development of the embryo results in a male while their absence results by default in a female. Hence the dictum "Nature's impulse is to create a female" (1). The genetic sex (whether the individual is XX or XY) determines the gonadal sex (whether there are ovaries or testis), which through hormonal secretions determines the phenotypic sex. Sexual differentiation is not drive...
The same concept was expressed by Edward O. Wilson (1992), father of sociobiology at Harvard University. According to him, females tend to be better equipped in characteristics like verbal and social skills, security needs and empathy than their counterpart. In the other, Males tend to be better in spatial ...
It is proven that the male and female brains differ, but can one prove that it affects the behavior? Many scientists would agree that ones behavior is determined by his/her gender. Although others are convinced that social conditioning is the cause for the differences between the male and female, it is very unlikely that biological differences play no role in behavior. The male and female brains differ not only by how they work, but also on the size. For example, Natalie Angier and Kenneth Chang, neuroscientists, have shown that the women’s brain is about 10 percent smaller than the male’s, on average, even after accounting for women’s comparatively smaller body size. Three brain differences that affect ones behavior are the limbic size, the corpus collosum size, and the amount of gray and white matter.
In health and life expectancy between men and women, ‘gender’ and ‘sex’ are two parts that may illustrate using different methods. Gender is perceived to be one part of a person that identifies who they are as well as show how they see themselves and others around them. Gender is what makes men and women different in the way that they behave. Gender is also what gives men and women their different identities within the society, which is usually seen as femininity or masculinity (Blunt and Wills, 2000). However, ‘sex’ can usually be mistaken for ‘gender’ and mostly be identified as men and women. What distinguishes ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ is that ‘sex’ is the biological anatomical identification of men and women, where as ‘gender’...
The fact that men and women are different is well known. Some of these differences are constant and some are not; some have changed in the past and some are about to change in the future. While some physical differences are obvious, some of them are controversial; in addition, psychological and cognitive differences are always divisive.
When looking at the biological make up of male and females, there are both similar physical characteristics