Cutaneous Actinomycosis is an anaerobic, gram positive bacterial infection seen in different areas of the body, most commonly affecting the deeper tissues of the neck, thorax, and abdomen. Actinomycosis is caused in animals by the bacteria Actinomyces bovis and Actinomyces israelii in humans, which is naturally present in the mouth and pharynx. The infection is commonly seen in tropical areas of the country and is characterized by chronic and progressive suppurative inflammation, causing lumpy tumor like masses. Cutaneous Actinomycosis rarely occurs and presents itself with few clinical symptoms. The infection develops slowly and at first seems to not affect the general health of the patient, but if it is not treated successfully the condition may be fatal. Its diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion. Occurrences of the extremities are uncommon and sometimes have an association with trauma and bites. Although it is a rare, cattle and humans are the ones usually diagnosed with this disease. It has also been seen in middle-aged, large breed, outdoor dogs and in cats. …show more content…
Also, at first the microorganism was classified as a fungus because of their tendency to produce branching filaments. In order for the bacteria to cause infection there has to be a break in the mucous membranes or skin and the presence of dead tissue to invade deeper body structures. This can happen with a bite, traumatic event, or because of a puncture wound. Once it penetrates into the deeper tissue, where there is less oxygen and it thrives, it begins to create colonies creating lumps in the jaws of cattle. In some cases pyrexia and has been reported. This disease does not only affect animals but humans as well. It is not classified as zoonotic because different strains of the bacteria affect humans and
Francisella tularensis is a bacteria that is commonly referred to as Rabbit Fever. This microorganism is often known as this because the bacteria resides in mammals such as rabbits, squirrels and mice (UPMC Center for Health Security, 2013). There are many different components to this bacteria that make it unique. The microorganism F. tularensis is one that has very unique characteristics that make it responsible for being the kind of bacteria that it is. It is a gram-negative bacteria that occurs in coccobacillus form. It is a non-motile bacteria that is commonly found in water, mud, and decaying animal carcasses. (Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2013). Because of these characteristics, F. tularensis is able to live in these conditions for weeks (UPMC Center for Health Security, 2013). For all of these reasons, this microorganism can be potentially harmful to humans.
This final microbe is far less dangerous and easier to comprehend than the formerly mentioned ones. Histoplasma Capsulatum, often called histoplasmosis, is caused by a fungus called Histoplasma (1). This fungus thrives within earthy environments with lots of soil filled with bird and bat droppings (1). It is found mainly in the United States, specifically within the central and eastern states, such as around the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys (1). The fungus can also be found within central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and small parts of Europe (1). While most people do not get sick, those who do become infected when breathing in the microscopic fungal spores in the air (1). Symptoms
Areas infected appear to be metal, mainly brass, steel, and iron. Other substances have been reported, appearing to be leather, rubber, glass, wood, and other basic materials. Despite appearances, it is purely organic material, and even carries a subject’s DNA. Organs and tissues affected appear more resilient than normal, carrying the same strength and density as the materials they resemble, instead of normal tissue density. Areas damaged repair over time, but is much slower than standard human
This more severe form usually prevails in elderly, cigarette smokers, people with chronic lung disease, or those who are immunocompromised, such as cancer or AIDS patients. Virulence:.. Being a gram-negative bacterium, L. pneumophila has lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that act as endotoxin within a human host. The presence of a flagella is thought to mediate adherence to human lung cells, thereby causing infection, since flagella-less strains do not cause disease. Once attached to human cells, the organism is engulfed by a macrophage that utilizes the internal environment to multiply.
Necrotizing fasciitis is a bacterial infection that is very serious and sometimes fatal. This disease spreads very quickly and destroys soft tissue in your body. This disease is caused by multiple bacteria: group A strep, E.coli, Klebsiella (causes pneumonia), Clostridium (causes diarrhea), Staphylococcus (causes staph infections), and Aeromonas hydrophila (causes diseases in almost all organisms, hard to resist). The bacteria group A strep is the leading cause for necrotizing fasciitis.
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
Bacillus anthracis or anthrax is bacteria that infect thousands of people a year worldwide. Mostly found in the hinds and hair of grazing animals like cattle and sheep, the bacteria can stay dormant for years until contacted. Contact can occur through broken skin, eating infected meat, or inhaling infected dust from hides through the mouth or nostrils. Normal contact through the skin begins forming malignant skin ulcers that are dark black in appearance. If left untreated, the blisters lead to blood poisoning and eventually death. Eating contaminated meat not fully cooked can cause intestinal infection also leading to death. Surprisingly, many people survive contact of the skin and very few cases of intestinal infection exist. However, inhalation of infected dust or spores are much more deadly because the symptoms resemble a common cold...
Histoplasmosis is a type of fungus that lives in the environment, mainly in areas of birds or bats dropping in humid areas. It is not a series condition unless it spreads throughout the body. One can develop this by breathing in spores of fungus in areas with bird or bat droppings. It is usually transmitted through spores becoming airborne by demolition projects. This fungus grows mainly in central southeastern and mid- atlantic states. This fungus thrives in in damp soil and rich organic material. People can still get histoplasmosis again if they previously had it, but he illness would likely be more milder. The reproductive spores of this fungus are extremely light and can float into the air when dirt or any other contaminated material
The primary cause of Zoonotic Diseases is the result of an infectious agent. In conclusion zoonotic diseases are a growing concern in the United States that can be controlled or even prevented through simple precautionary methods and medications. Understanding that zoonotic diseases can enter a person's body through a number of ways including broken skin, eyes, mouth and lungs and even animal bites can aid you in knowing how to prevent contaminations.
The disease is caused by a slowly multiplying bacillus, called Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily affects the nerves, skin, and mucous membranes (Hansen’s Disease). Scientists are still unable to cultivate the organism in any bacteriological media, although it has been successfully grown on the foot pads of mice.
The more correct term is poliomyelitis the name of the singular pathogen cell. Standing at 30 nanometers tall and wide, this is one of the smallest pathogens with a virus that is fatal and common. You get infected by letting the pathogen getting inside a carless wound or cut on the epidermis. Most patients are adolescents, children, or early teens. One of the first epidemics was in 1907 with 2,500 cases in New York. The first time the bacteria was isolated was by Erin Popper a biologist in 1909.
The earth, however large it may be, has it limits when it comes to natural resources. Of all animals human are the only ones that make non-biodegradable waste. When humans run out of resources in one area they go on to the next destroying the area in their path and until a new site is reached with more resources to abuse. This is much like the life history of flesh eating bacteria. About two years ago, I saw a special on 20/20 about the disease. They say that is moves at about an inch per hour and that they don’t stop feeding on the host until the host is dead. The bacteria multiply at a high rate and can migrate to other parts of the body by the blood stream. Try to look as the host body as the earth, the bacteria as the humans, and the blood stream as the oceans and river; now, anyone can see that this is no diffe...
Although parasitology had its origins in the zoologic sciences, the more précising term "Medical parasitology" would refer to the study of a group of pathogens classified as eukaryotes, under the Knigdom of animalia, that cause a wide range of diseases in the human beings. Human parasites can be generally divided into three broad categories; parasitic protozoa, parasitic helminths (worms), and arthropods that either cause a disease directly or act as vectors or vehicles for transmission of various pathogens biologically and mechanically 1.
People and animals are infected after being in contact with the urine of an infected person or animal. This includes being in contact contaminated water, bedding, soil, and food.1 The pathogenesis of Leptospirosis is quite simple, the Leptospires that are shed by an infected animal or person raid the body after entering through mucous membranes or open skin.3 The incubation period can vary from a few days to a couple weeks depending on the amount of bacteria that has invaded the body. In severe infections, the incubation period is shortened and in mild infections it can take the bacteria significantly more time to cause clinical signs. The severity of the disease also varies by the serovar and by the infected patient.3 After the incubation period, the leptospires circulate in the peripheral blood and most commonly replicate in the kidneys, liver, and lungs. This replication is what can cause severe complications in the body systems of animals that are infected with Leptospirosis. The amount of damage causes is dependent on the immunity of the infected animal and the how virulent the bacteria