1. Cuban Missile Crisis
A. Khrushchev, and the Russian military, placed nuclear offensive missiles into Cuba. A U-2 plane taking pictures over Cuba spotted the missile camps in Cuba, and brought it to the attention of the President. After a meeting with Russian officials, the Russian’s assured that the missiles were for defensive purposes only. The U.S. officials knew that the missiles were nuclear and for offensive purposes. So, instead of bombing the area before the missiles were ready, like the White House officials wanted, President Kennedy decided to put a quarantine line on the border of Cuba, to stop Russian ships from delivering nuclear equipment. As the ships got closer and closer to the line, Khrushchev wanting to avoid war, called the ships to turn around. After 2 letters, to and from Khrushchev, Kennedy agreed, that if the Russians dismantled the missiles, and got the equipment out of Cuba, the U.S. would get their missiles out of Turkey, within 6 months.
B. After 2 meetings with President Kennedy, Chairman Khrushchev had observed that Kennedy was weak, and would back down to anything that Khrushchev do. In trying to avoid war, and pretty much mass destruction of half the war, President Kennedy and Chairman Khrushchev ended the crisis by agreeing to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey respectively.
C. ● To bomb the area in Cuba, where the missiles were, when they were first discovered. – He wanted to avoid a war.
● To either bomb the area, or to set up a quarantine line – he wanted to avoid war.
● To move the quarantine line back – Kennedy wanted to give the Russians more time to avoid war.
● Not to alert Congress of the situation that is going on in Cuba – to avoid mass chaos in the U.S.
D. One of the biggest policies that Kennedy had was that he would not back down. After the 2 meetings with Khrushchev, Kennedy wanted to prove that he wasn’t a weak President. Another was that Kennedy wanted to hold strong to the Monroe Doctrine, which said that no one would “mess'; with the Western Hemisphere unless, the U.S. knew about it. Also see C.
E. Kennedy didn’t inform Congress of the crisis, because he knew that if they knew no decisions...
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...es known in the U.N. as the Chinese Republic
Stood until 1970…when President Carter asked that the U.N. sees Taiwan as China…The U.N. agreed
Cater said that they would protect Taiwan. (U.S. sends planes along Taiwan to make sure China doesn’t invade)
●China is experimenting on putting communism and capitalism together (in the area of Hong Kong)
Constructive Engagement (U.S. foreign policy with China)
The U.S. will continue to talk and trade with China and long as that try to change their ways.
Polish Disease
In Poland people started to rebel against the government, because it was a communist government. When word of this got through to other countries, the people in other countries started to rebel as well. Country after country started to change over to capitalism. When this wave hit China, the Chinese government didn’t want this rebellion to happen, so they brought out their tanks to stop the people for trying to change the way the government works.
He stated that if the Soviets execute a “hostile move anywhere in the world against the safety and freedom of peoples to whom we are committed, including in particular the brave people of West Berlin, [it] will be met by whatever action is needed” (source). Respectively, war was not the President’s first choice. President Kennedy declared that he himself and government officials “are prepared to discuss new proposals for the removal of tensions on both sides, including the possibilities of a genuinely independent Cuba, free to determine its own destiny” (source). During the Cuban Missile Crisis, America desired peace without war in the Western Hemisphere, but President Kennedy made it clear that the U.S. would fight for it if necessary. Throughout his address, President Kennedy utilized the logos appeal wonderfully to gain the trust of the American and Cuban
The account is told from Robert F. Kennedy's point of view. Kennedy was a key player in the decisions made during the thirteen days of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy believed that the United States should try and resolve The Cuban Missile Crisis peacefully and that the United States needed to try and avoid resolving to violent measures. Kennedy took over for his brother, the President on many occasions. He led important meetings and tried to negotiate an understanding with the other cabinet members who were involved. At first he believed that a blockade around Cuba would be the right maneuver and his proposal was supported by the majority of the other members. Soon he realized though that the Russians were not planning on negotiating or dealing with this matter in any peaceful manner. Though apposed to it Kennedy moved for an air strike. He was very uncomfortable with the idea and he showed this with his remark to the president of "I now know how Tojo felt when he was planning Pearl Harbor.
The quarantine would place American naval ships around Cuba to prevent Soviet supply ships from bringing materials to Cuba. This act was called a quarantine as a blockade would constitute an act of war thus escalating the conflict with Cuba. The second solution to the missile crisis was diplomacy. The United States had aging missiles stationed in Turkey which they planned on removing. Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, demanded Kennedy withdraw the missiles from Kennedy from Turkey.
The Soviet Union and the United States were very distant during three decades of a nuclear arms race. Even though the two nations never directly had a battle, the Cuban Missile Crisis, amongst other things, was a result of the tension. The missile crisis began in October of 1962, when an American spy plane secretly photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union in Cuba. JFK did not want the Soviet Union and Cuba to know that he had discovered the missiles, so he made his decisions very secretly. Eventually, Kennedy decided to place a ring of ships around Cuba and place missiles in Turkey. Eventually, both leaders superpowers realized the possibility of a nuclear war and agreed to a deal in which the Soviets would remove the missiles from Cuba if the US didn't invade Cuba. Even though the Soviets removed took their missiles out of Cuba and the US eventually taking their missiles out of Turkey, they (the Soviets) continued to build a more advanced military; the missile crisis was over, but the arms race was not.
...e thirteen days JFK and Robert Kennedy always keep in mind the perspective of the Russians, taking great care not to back them into a corner, or give them no choice but to react violently.
...he Cuban missiles in exchange for a promise by U.S. leaders not to invade Cuba. The
The first point that made John F. Kennedy responsible for handling the Cuban Missile Crisis, well, was his way of managing the public. In every crisis, a leader must always keep in mind of the reactions of the people because if it is ill dealt with, disastrous and chaotic consequences could ensue. Thus, even though nuclear warfare was prevented; credit should also be given to how the public of the United States did not end up in turmoil. To access how the public did not end up in chaos, one has to look into the genesis of when the majority of the American citizens received the news of the Cuban Missile Crisis in the first place. This leaves with only one source, which was the public address from President John F. Kennedy on October 22, 1962.1
He believed that there had to be a way to settle the crisis without going to war, however he was willing to go to war if there were no other options resulting in the removal of the missiles. He hoped that blockading Cuba would result in a halt of the construction of missiles, to justify this action he claimed it was “in the defense of our own security and of the entire Western Hemisphere”. He wanted the citizens of the United States to think that he was following the correct procedures, and showing strong leadership, after the embarrassment of the Bay of Pigs
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a major event in U.S History that almost led to nuclear destruction. It was over a period of thirteen days in which diplomats from the U.S and the Soviet Union were trying to reach a peaceful resolution so that they wouldn’t have to engage in physical warfare. The crisis was the hallmark of the Cold War era which lasted from the 1950’s to the late 1980’s. The Cold War was a power struggle between the U.S and Soviet Union in which the two nations had a massive arms race to become the strongest military force. The U.S considered Communism to be an opposing political entity, and therefore branded them as enemies. Khrushchev’s antagonistic view of Americans also played a big role in the conflict. The Cold War tensions, coupled with a political shift in Cuba eventually lead to the military struggle known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the point of most tension and near collapse causing the Cold War to almost shift from a passive and underground struggle to a violent and catastrophic one.
On October 22nd, 1962, President John F. Kennedy delivered the famous "Cuban Missile Crisis Address to the Nation" speech in response to Nikita Khrushchev’s act of placing nuclear and flying missiles on the island directly south of the United States: Cuba. The purpose of the speech was to alert the nation of the situation and inform them on how it would be handled. This speech successfully won the attention and respect of the American and Russian people through the use of multiple rhetorical devices.
... Cuban attack with all-out nuclear retaliation. In response to the increased Soviet ships coming with weapons, JFK ordered a blockade, which he called quarantine because a blockade is an act of war, around Cuba. For 13 days, the world held its breath as the threat of a nuclear war hung over the world, but the Soviets eventually turned back and Khrushchev agreed to remove weapons from Cuba in exchange for no US invasion of Cuba. Meanwhile in Berlin, the city was in turmoil between the East (Soviet) and the West (US controlled). In order to stop the mass exodus of East Berliners, the construction of the 90-mile Berlin Wall began. Both Kennedy and Khrushchev sought ways to ease the tension between the two groups, establishing a hotline between the White House and the Kremlin, and later this led to the Limited Ban Treaty, which banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere.
Kennedy was very active in the Cold War. For example while he was president he increased America’s production of nuclear weapons. For two week during October 1962, the world was on edge of atomic annihilation this was known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Soviets were sneaking nuclear weapons into Cuba. Kennedy told them the missiles would not be tolerated ,but the Russian commander Khrushchev refused. So Kennedy had decided to have a confrontation at sea and Russian submarines were approaching the ships so the American ships fired small rounds at the submarines as a warning. What the Americans didn't know was that the submarines were armed with nuclear missiles. The Russian captain was about to have the nuclear torpedo armed, but decided not to because he needed direct orders from Moscow to fire the
Since then, both countries have existed in neither a state of complete independence nor integration of neither war nor peace. The United States has committed to defend Taiwan if attacked by china in the Taiwan relations act of 1979, in which the US president carter officially began diplomatic relations with the people’s republic of china and gave token recognition to their “one china policy” and its agenda of reunification. Instead of maintaining a significant deployable military force in the region, the United States has sold billions of dollars worth of arms to Taiwan, from small arms, to ships, fighter aircraft, and patriot missiles. Despite the arms sales to Taiwan and vows to defend it if attacked, the United States also has significant economic ties to both china and Taiwan. Since, then it has been trying to maintain the “status quo” of the current situation.
Yan, Xuetong. "The Instability of China–US Relations", The Chinese Journal of International Politics 3, no. 3 (2010): 263-292, http://cjip.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/3/263.full
Kennedy’s election in 1960. Serving as Attorney General, Robert was faced with many different experiences both domestically and internationally. One of the major events Robert impacted was with was the freedom riders. Robert fought for equal rights for African Americans and ordered federal protection to be installed for those who traveled in the South fighting for civil rights. Although this caused a lot of controversy, it later led to the removal of the Jim Crow laws and granted African Americans equal transportation rights. Another large impact Robert Kennedy had on American politics dealt with the Cuban Missile Crisis. Cuban diplomat, Fidel Castro began to take advantage of American business, which occurred during the end of the Eisenhower tenure. Going along with the CIA plan of attack, John F. Kennedy attempted to execute an invasion (notably known as the Bay of Pigs) on Cuba that resulted in absolute failure. Many CIA agents were taken prisoner or killed, which caused trouble for the Kennedy brothers. John immediately looked to Robert to mediate the situation the best he could. The Cuban government was working with the Soviet Union in setting up nuclear war plants. The president implemented a 500-mile quarantine for all ships going to or from Cuba in hopes of halting any war efforts, which was denounced as an act of war by the Soviets. This resulted in a large fleet of ships and an accelerated amount of nuclear sites in Cuba, all being equipped for potential war with the United States. As secret envoy to Russian affairs, Robert talked to many Russian newspaper columnists and other politicians in hopes of obtaining as much information as possible. Although many wanted to attack the Soviet/Cuban force, Robert advised John Kennedy to halt all aggression in hopes of Russian diplomat Premier Khrushchev conceding. After two letters were sent to the White House, Robert Kennedy advised the president to only respond to the